قفيز
Arabic
Etymology
From Aramaic קְפִיזָא / ܩܦܝܙܐ (qəp̄īzā). It is a dry measure the oldest attestation of which is Demotic kpḏ (“a standard measure of 100 ml, applicable to dry and liquid content”), later Coptic ϭⲁⲡⲉⲓϫⲉ (capeiče), and it is to be identified with Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kpyc /kabīz/), Classical Persian کویز (kawīz), کویژ (kawīž), Central Kurdish کەویژ (kewîj), کێوِژ (kêwij), Ancient Greek καπίθη (kapíthē) (in Xenophon’s Anabasis), dialectal Modern Greek καπίθιον (kapíthion), Parthian [script needed] (kpyš), Sogdian [script needed] (kpc), Bactrian καβσο (kabso), καβιζο (kabizo), Khwarezmian [script needed] (kpcyk), Old Armenian կապիճ (kapič), Mush Armenian կապեճ (kapeč), Hamshen Armenian կապճակ (kapčak), կապիծ (kapic), Old Georgian კაპიჭი (ḳaṗič̣i), კაბიწი (ḳabic̣i), Laz კაპიწი (ǩap̌iǯi), Ossetian къабиц (k’abic), къӕбиц (k’æbic), Classical Mandaic [script needed] (qabīṣā), Turkish gebiç, kapis, kebiç, kepiç, kepinç, kepis, gabiz, kepiz․.
For speculated origin, compare Akkadian 𒆏𒁍 (/kappu/, “originally meaning “hand” from Proto-Semitic *kapp-, cupped hands; a bowl, a small serving container”), possibly with a later Iranian language suffix or from a yet to be attested addition of 𒅖 (/-iš/, “to be -like”), rendering a literal meaning “to be hand-like, to be like cupped hands”. Alternatively related to Urartian 𒅗𒉿 (ka-pi /kapi/, “a grain measure”), both it and the Akkadian being of no little frequency, or even Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“fassen”) or *(s)kep- (“to work with a sharp instrument”).
Noun
قَفِيز • (qafīz) m (plural أَقْفِزَة (ʾaqfiza) or قُفْزَان (qufzān))
- (obsolete) a dry measure
- (medieval Iraq)
- (al-Kūfa, Bağdād) about 60 litres
- (al-Baṣra, Wāṣiṭ) about 30 litres
- (medieval Palestine) about 152 litres
- (medieval Tunisia) varying between about 170–200 litres
- (Morocco until 1923, Algeria until 1843, Tunisia until 1895) 528.4 litres
- (medieval Iraq)
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَفِيز qafīz | الْقَفِيز al-qafīz | قَفِيز qafīz |
| Nominative | قَفِيزٌ qafīzun | الْقَفِيزُ al-qafīzu | قَفِيزُ qafīzu |
| Accusative | قَفِيزًا qafīzan | الْقَفِيزَ al-qafīza | قَفِيزَ qafīza |
| Genitive | قَفِيزٍ qafīzin | الْقَفِيزِ al-qafīzi | قَفِيزِ qafīzi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | قَفِيزَيْن qafīzayn | الْقَفِيزَيْن al-qafīzayn | قَفِيزَيْ qafīzay |
| Nominative | قَفِيزَانِ qafīzāni | الْقَفِيزَانِ al-qafīzāni | قَفِيزَا qafīzā |
| Accusative | قَفِيزَيْنِ qafīzayni | الْقَفِيزَيْنِ al-qafīzayni | قَفِيزَيْ qafīzay |
| Genitive | قَفِيزَيْنِ qafīzayni | الْقَفِيزَيْنِ al-qafīzayni | قَفِيزَيْ qafīzay |
| Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَقْفِزَة; قُفْزَان ʾaqfiza; qufzān | الْأَقْفِزَة; الْقُفْزَان al-ʾaqfiza; al-qufzān | أَقْفِزَة; قُفْزَان ʾaqfizat; qufzān |
| Nominative | أَقْفِزَةٌ; قُفْزَانٌ ʾaqfizatun; qufzānun | الْأَقْفِزَةُ; الْقُفْزَانُ al-ʾaqfizatu; al-qufzānu | أَقْفِزَةُ; قُفْزَانُ ʾaqfizatu; qufzānu |
| Accusative | أَقْفِزَةً; قُفْزَانًا ʾaqfizatan; qufzānan | الْأَقْفِزَةَ; الْقُفْزَانَ al-ʾaqfizata; al-qufzāna | أَقْفِزَةَ; قُفْزَانَ ʾaqfizata; qufzāna |
| Genitive | أَقْفِزَةٍ; قُفْزَانٍ ʾaqfizatin; qufzānin | الْأَقْفِزَةِ; الْقُفْزَانِ al-ʾaqfizati; al-qufzāni | أَقْفِزَةِ; قُفْزَانِ ʾaqfizati; qufzāni |
Descendants
- → Catalan: cafís
- → English: qafiz
- → Italian: cafiso
- → Medieval Latin: cafisium
- → Old Leonese: cafiz
- Asturian: cafiz
- Leonese: caffiz
- → Persian: قفیز (qafîz), کفیز (kafîz)
- → Old Portuguese: cafiz
- Galician: cacifo, cachifro, cachíforo, cacifre, cacifro
- Portuguese: cacifo
- → Sicilian: cafisu
- → Old Spanish: cafiz
- Spanish: cahíz
References
- “qpyz”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “կապիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 525ab
- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 250
- Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, LCCN 96052434, page 436
- Corriente, Federico (2008), “cafís”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 240
- Dankoff, Robert (1995) Armenian Loanwords in Turkish (Turcologica; 21), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 75
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قفيز”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 383
- Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 227
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “قفيز”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 480
- Ritner, Robert Kriech (1996), “The Earliest Attestation of the kpḏ-Measure”, in Studies in Honor of William Kelly Simpson, volume 2, Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, →ISBN, pages 683–688
- Schmitt, Rüdiger (2007), “Brust, M.: Die indischen und iranischen Lehnwörter im Griechischen”, in Kratylos, volume 52, page 82
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “قفيز”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1047