فرمودن
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plmwtn', plmʾd- /framūdan, framāy-/, “to order, command”).
Compare Old Armenian հրամայեմ (hramayem), borrowed from Iranian.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian): IPA(key): /faɾmuːdan/
- (Dari): IPA(key): /faɾmuːdan/
- (Iranian Persian): IPA(key): /fæɾmuːdæn/
- (Tajik): IPA(key): /faɾmudan/
Verb
فرمودن • (farmudan) (present stem فرما (farmâ))
- to order, to command
- Synonym: دستور دادن (dastur dâdan)
- (deferential, formal) to say; used as a substitute for گفتن (goftan, “to say”) to show respect
- چی فرمودید؟
- či farmudid?
- What did you say?
- (deferential, formal) In compound verbs, occasionally used as a substitute for کردن (kardan, “to do”) to show respect
Related terms
- فرمان (farmân)
Descendants
- ⇒ Gujarati: ફરમાવવું (pharmāvvũ)
- ⇒ Bengali: ফরমানো (fôrmano)
- ⇒ Hindustani:
- Hindi: फ़रमाना (farmānā)
- Urdu: فرمانا (farmānā)
- ⇒ Marathi: फर्मावणे (pharmāvṇe)
- ⇒ Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਫ਼ਰਮਾਉਣਾ (farmāuṇā)
- Shahmukhi: فَرماؤنا (farmā'onā)
Further reading
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 821, page 182
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 182