غضب

غضب

See also: عضت‎, عصب‎, and غ ص ب‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root غ ض ب‎ (ḡ-ḍ-b). Compare Hebrew עצב‎.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غَضِبَ • (ḡaḍiba) I, non-past يَغْضَبُ‎‎ (yaḡḍabu)

1. to become angry, to be angry
2. to grow passionate for, to defend
3. to protect

Conjugation

Conjugation of

غَضِبَ

(form-I sound, verbal nouns غَضَب or مَغْضَبَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						غَضَب or مَغْضَبَة‎ ḡaḍab or maḡḍaba
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						غَاضِب‎ ḡāḍib
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْضُوب‎ maḡḍūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَضِبْتُ‎ ḡaḍibtu	غَضِبْتَ‎ ḡaḍibta	غَضِبَ ḡaḍiba		غَضِبْتُمَا‎ ḡaḍibtumā	غَضِبَا‎ ḡaḍibā		غَضِبْنَا‎ ḡaḍibnā	غَضِبْتُمْ‎ ḡaḍibtum	غَضِبُوا‎ ḡaḍibū
	f		غَضِبْتِ‎ ḡaḍibti	غَضِبَتْ‎ ḡaḍibat			غَضِبَتَا‎ ḡaḍibatā			غَضِبْتُنَّ‎ ḡaḍibtunna	غَضِبْنَ‎ ḡaḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَغْضَبُ‎ ʾaḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُ‎ taḡḍabu	يَغْضَبُ‎ yaḡḍabu		تَغْضَبَانِ‎ taḡḍabāni	يَغْضَبَانِ‎ yaḡḍabāni		نَغْضَبُ‎ naḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُونَ‎ taḡḍabūna	يَغْضَبُونَ‎ yaḡḍabūna
	f		تَغْضَبِينَ‎ taḡḍabīna	تَغْضَبُ‎ taḡḍabu			تَغْضَبَانِ‎ taḡḍabāni			تَغْضَبْنَ‎ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ‎ yaḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَغْضَبَ‎ ʾaḡḍaba	تَغْضَبَ‎ taḡḍaba	يَغْضَبَ‎ yaḡḍaba		تَغْضَبَا‎ taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا‎ yaḡḍabā		نَغْضَبَ‎ naḡḍaba	تَغْضَبُوا‎ taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا‎ yaḡḍabū
	f		تَغْضَبِي‎ taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبَ‎ taḡḍaba			تَغْضَبَا‎ taḡḍabā			تَغْضَبْنَ‎ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ‎ yaḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَغْضَبْ‎ ʾaḡḍab	تَغْضَبْ‎ taḡḍab	يَغْضَبْ‎ yaḡḍab		تَغْضَبَا‎ taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا‎ yaḡḍabā		نَغْضَبْ‎ naḡḍab	تَغْضَبُوا‎ taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا‎ yaḡḍabū
	f		تَغْضَبِي‎ taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبْ‎ taḡḍab			تَغْضَبَا‎ taḡḍabā			تَغْضَبْنَ‎ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ‎ yaḡḍabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِغْضَبْ‎ iḡḍab			اِغْضَبَا‎ iḡḍabā				اِغْضَبُوا‎ iḡḍabū
	f		اِغْضَبِي‎ iḡḍabī							اِغْضَبْنَ‎ iḡḍabna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُغْضَبُ‎ yuḡḍabu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُغْضَبَ‎ yuḡḍaba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُغْضَبْ‎ yuḡḍab		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Synonyms

• (to be angry): اِغْتَاظَ‎ (iḡtāẓa), حَمِئَ‎ (ḥamiʾa), حَنِقَ‎ (ḥaniqa), بَرْطَمَ‎ (barṭama), اِشْتَاطَ‎ (ištāṭa), زَخَّ‎ (zaḵḵa)
• (to protect): حَمَى‎ (ḥamā)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ɣu.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غُضِبَ • (ḡuḍiba) I, non-past يُغْضَبُ‎‎ (yuḡḍabu)

1. to suffer from smallpox

Conjugation

Conjugation of

غُضِبَ

(form-I sound passive, verbal noun ?)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						?
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْضُوب‎ maḡḍūb
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غُضِبْتُ‎ ḡuḍibtu	غُضِبْتَ‎ ḡuḍibta	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba		غُضِبْتُمَا‎ ḡuḍibtumā	غُضِبَا‎ ḡuḍibā		غُضِبْنَا‎ ḡuḍibnā	غُضِبْتُمْ‎ ḡuḍibtum	غُضِبُوا‎ ḡuḍibū
	f		غُضِبْتِ‎ ḡuḍibti	غُضِبَتْ‎ ḡuḍibat			غُضِبَتَا‎ ḡuḍibatā			غُضِبْتُنَّ‎ ḡuḍibtunna	غُضِبْنَ‎ ḡuḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغْضَبُ‎ ʾuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُ‎ tuḡḍabu	يُغْضَبُ‎ yuḡḍabu		تُغْضَبَانِ‎ tuḡḍabāni	يُغْضَبَانِ‎ yuḡḍabāni		نُغْضَبُ‎ nuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُونَ‎ tuḡḍabūna	يُغْضَبُونَ‎ yuḡḍabūna
	f		تُغْضَبِينَ‎ tuḡḍabīna	تُغْضَبُ‎ tuḡḍabu			تُغْضَبَانِ‎ tuḡḍabāni			تُغْضَبْنَ‎ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ‎ yuḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغْضَبَ‎ ʾuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبَ‎ tuḡḍaba	يُغْضَبَ‎ yuḡḍaba		تُغْضَبَا‎ tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا‎ yuḡḍabā		نُغْضَبَ‎ nuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبُوا‎ tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا‎ yuḡḍabū
	f		تُغْضَبِي‎ tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبَ‎ tuḡḍaba			تُغْضَبَا‎ tuḡḍabā			تُغْضَبْنَ‎ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ‎ yuḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغْضَبْ‎ ʾuḡḍab	تُغْضَبْ‎ tuḡḍab	يُغْضَبْ‎ yuḡḍab		تُغْضَبَا‎ tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا‎ yuḡḍabā		نُغْضَبْ‎ nuḡḍab	تُغْضَبُوا‎ tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا‎ yuḡḍabū
	f		تُغْضَبِي‎ tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبْ‎ tuḡḍab			تُغْضَبَا‎ tuḡḍabā			تُغْضَبْنَ‎ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ‎ yuḡḍabna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤab/

Noun

غَضَب • (ḡaḍab) m

1. verbal noun of غَضِبَ (ḡaḍiba) (form I)
2. anger

   ‏حَرَصَ جُحَا عَلَى تَجَنُّبِ غَضَبِ زَوْجَتِهِ وَمَرَّةً...‎‎

   ḥaraṣa juḥā ʿalā tajannubi ḡaḍabi zawjatihi wamarratan...

   Joha was keen to avoid his wife's anger and once ...

Declension

Declension of noun غَضَب (ḡaḍab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَضَب ḡaḍab	الْغَضَب‎ al-ḡaḍab	غَضَب ḡaḍab
Nominative	غَضَبٌ ḡaḍabun	الْغَضَبُ‎ al-ḡaḍabu	غَضَبُ ḡaḍabu
Accusative	غَضَبًا‎ ḡaḍaban	الْغَضَبَ‎ al-ḡaḍaba	غَضَبَ ḡaḍaba
Genitive	غَضَبٍ ḡaḍabin	الْغَضَبِ‎ al-ḡaḍabi	غَضَبِ ḡaḍabi

Descendants

• Maltese: għadab
• → Swahili: ghadhabu
• Uyghur: غەزەپ‎ (ghezep)
• Uzbek: gʻazab

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤib/

Adjective

غَضِب • (ḡaḍib) (feminine غَضِبَة‎ (ḡaḍiba), masculine plural غَضِبُونَ‎ (ḡaḍibūna), feminine plural غَضِبَات‎ (ḡaḍibāt))

1. angry, furious, enraged
2. annoyed, irritated

Declension

Declension of adjective غَضِب (ḡaḍib)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِب ḡaḍib	الْغَضِب‎ al-ḡaḍib	غَضِبَة‎ ḡaḍiba	الْغَضِبَة‎ al-ḡaḍiba
Nominative	غَضِبٌ ḡaḍibun	الْغَضِبُ‎ al-ḡaḍibu	غَضِبَةٌ‎ ḡaḍibatun	الْغَضِبَةُ‎ al-ḡaḍibatu
Accusative	غَضِبًا‎ ḡaḍiban	الْغَضِبَ‎ al-ḡaḍiba	غَضِبَةً‎ ḡaḍibatan	الْغَضِبَةَ‎ al-ḡaḍibata
Genitive	غَضِبٍ ḡaḍibin	الْغَضِبِ‎ al-ḡaḍibi	غَضِبَةٍ‎ ḡaḍibatin	الْغَضِبَةِ‎ al-ḡaḍibati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِبَيْن‎ ḡaḍibayn	الْغَضِبَيْن‎ al-ḡaḍibayn	غَضِبَتَيْن‎ ḡaḍibatayn	الْغَضِبَتَيْن‎ al-ḡaḍibatayn
Nominative	غَضِبَانِ‎ ḡaḍibāni	الْغَضِبَانِ‎ al-ḡaḍibāni	غَضِبَتَانِ‎ ḡaḍibatāni	الْغَضِبَتَانِ‎ al-ḡaḍibatāni
Accusative	غَضِبَيْنِ‎ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ‎ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ‎ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḡaḍibatayni
Genitive	غَضِبَيْنِ‎ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ‎ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ‎ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḡaḍibatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِبِين‎ ḡaḍibīn	الْغَضِبِين‎ al-ḡaḍibīn	غَضِبَات‎ ḡaḍibāt	الْغَضِبَات‎ al-ḡaḍibāt
Nominative	غَضِبُونَ‎ ḡaḍibūna	الْغَضِبُونَ‎ al-ḡaḍibūna	غَضِبَاتٌ‎ ḡaḍibātun	الْغَضِبَاتُ‎ al-ḡaḍibātu
Accusative	غَضِبِينَ‎ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ‎ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ‎ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ‎ al-ḡaḍibāti
Genitive	غَضِبِينَ‎ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ‎ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ‎ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ‎ al-ḡaḍibāti

Synonyms

• (angry): غَضْبَان‎ (ḡaḍbān)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “غضب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب‎ (ḡaḍab).

Noun

غضب • (ǧazáb) m

1. rage; fury; irritation
2. violence
3. oppression

Declension

declension of غضب

	singular		plural
direct	غضب (ghazáb)		غضب (ghazáb)
oblique	غضب (ghazáb)		غضبو‎ (ghazábo)
vocative	غضبه‎ (ghazába)		غضبو‎ (ghazábo)

References

• Raverty, H. G. (1867), “غضب”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate
• “غضب”, in Pashto Dictionary (in English), Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009), “غضب”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 518

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Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب‎ (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɣaˈzab/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ɣaˈzab/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɢæˈzæb/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ɣaˈzab/

Noun

غضب • (ğazab)

1. anger; rage

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “غضب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غضب‎ (ğazab), from Arabic غَضَب‎ (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɣə.zəb/
• Rhymes: -əb

Noun

غَضَب • (ġazab) m (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

1. anger; rage
2. violence
3. oppression

Declension

Declension of غضب
	singular	plural
direct	غَضَب‎ (ġaẓab)	غَضَب‎ (ġaẓab)
oblique	غَضَب‎ (ġaẓab)	غَضَبوں‎ (ġaẓabō̃)
vocative	غَضَب‎ (ġaẓab)	غَضَبو‎ (ġaẓabō)

Adjective

غَضَب • (ġazab) (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

1. angry
2. oppressive

References

• “غضب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “غضب”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “غضب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• John Shakespear (1834), “غضب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, OCLC 875051092

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Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu غضب‎ (ğazab).

Noun

غضب (ğazab)

1. anger; rage
2. trouble, disaster