عنكبوت
See also: عنکبوت
Arabic
عَنْكَبُوت
Alternative forms
- عَنْكَب (ʿankab), عَنْكَبَة (ʿankaba), عَنْكَبَاة (ʿankabāh)
- عُكَّاش (ʿukkāš) – uncertain
Etymology
Parallelling Ancient North Arabian 𐪒𐪌𐪋𐪈𐪉 (ʿnkbt, “spider”). Also found as Hebrew עַכָּבִישׁ (ʿakkābīš, “spider”) and Aramaic עַכָּבִיתָא (ʿakkāḇīṯā) / עַכּוּבִיתָא (ʿakkūḇīṯā, “spider”). For the formation compare Aramaic חִפּוּשִׂיתָא/ חִיפּוּשִׂיתָא (ḥippūśīṯā, “beetle”) (source of خُنْفُسَاء (ḵunfusāʾ)). If formed the same, to be juxtaposed with عَكِبَ (ʿakiba, “to have a heavy chin and thick lips; to have the fingers or toes set close together”) and عَكْب (ʿakb, “agile”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕan.ka.buːt/
- (Moroccan) IPA(key): /ʕan.kbuːt/
Noun
عَنْكَبُوت • (ʿankabūt) f or m (plural عَنَاكِب (ʿanākib) or عَنَاكِيب (ʿanākīb) or عَنْكَبُوتَات (ʿankabūtāt), masculine عَنْكَب (ʿankab))
- spider
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:41:
- مَثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ ٱللّٰهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ كَمَثَلِ ٱلْعَنْكَبُوتِ ٱتَّخَذَتْ بَيْتًا وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ ٱلْبُيُوتِ لَبَيْتُ ٱلْعَنْكَبُوتِ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ
- maṯalu llaḏīna ttaḵaḏū min dūni llāhi ʾawliyāʾa kamaṯali l-ʿankabūti ttaḵaḏat baytan wa-ʾinna ʾawhana l-buyūti la-baytu l-ʿankabūti law kānū yaʿlamūna
- The example of those who take allies other than God is like that of the spider who makes a home. And indeed, the weakest of homes is the home of the spider, if they only knew.
- 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae]:
- نسج العنكبوت يقطع نزف الدم اذا جعل على الجراحات اذا وضع نسجه على القروح منعها ان يرم اذا طبخ العنكبوت الغليظه النسج الابيض بدهن ورد وقطر في الاذن سكن وجعها وقال بعضهم ان نسج العنكبوت اذا خلط ببعض المراهم ولطخ على خرقه كتان والزفت على الجبهة او الصدغين ابرا من حمى الغب وزعم القوم ان نسج الصنف الذي يكون نسجه كثيفا ابيض اذا شدفي جلد وعلق على العنق او العضه ابرا حمى الغب وقال ديسقوريدوس ابرا من حمى الربع.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
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Declension
Declension of noun عَنْكَبُوت (ʿankabūt)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَنْكَبُوت ʿankabūt | الْعَنْكَبُوت al-ʿankabūt | عَنْكَبُوت ʿankabūt |
| Nominative | عَنْكَبُوتٌ ʿankabūtun | الْعَنْكَبُوتُ al-ʿankabūtu | عَنْكَبُوتُ ʿankabūtu |
| Accusative | عَنْكَبُوتًا ʿankabūtan | الْعَنْكَبُوتَ al-ʿankabūta | عَنْكَبُوتَ ʿankabūta |
| Genitive | عَنْكَبُوتٍ ʿankabūtin | الْعَنْكَبُوتِ al-ʿankabūti | عَنْكَبُوتِ ʿankabūti |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَنْكَبُوتَيْن ʿankabūtayn | الْعَنْكَبُوتَيْن al-ʿankabūtayn | عَنْكَبُوتَيْ ʿankabūtay |
| Nominative | عَنْكَبُوتَانِ ʿankabūtāni | الْعَنْكَبُوتَانِ al-ʿankabūtāni | عَنْكَبُوتَا ʿankabūtā |
| Accusative | عَنْكَبُوتَيْنِ ʿankabūtayni | الْعَنْكَبُوتَيْنِ al-ʿankabūtayni | عَنْكَبُوتَيْ ʿankabūtay |
| Genitive | عَنْكَبُوتَيْنِ ʿankabūtayni | الْعَنْكَبُوتَيْنِ al-ʿankabūtayni | عَنْكَبُوتَيْ ʿankabūtay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَنَاكِب; عَنَاكِيب; عَنْكَبُوتَات ʿanākib; ʿanākīb; ʿankabūtāt | الْعَنَاكِب; الْعَنَاكِيب; الْعَنْكَبُوتَات al-ʿanākib; al-ʿanākīb; al-ʿankabūtāt | عَنَاكِب; عَنَاكِيب; عَنْكَبُوتَات ʿanākib; ʿanākīb; ʿankabūtāt |
| Nominative | عَنَاكِبُ; عَنَاكِيبُ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتٌ ʿanākibu; ʿanākību; ʿankabūtātun | الْعَنَاكِبُ; الْعَنَاكِيبُ; الْعَنْكَبُوتَاتُ al-ʿanākibu; al-ʿanākību; al-ʿankabūtātu | عَنَاكِبُ; عَنَاكِيبُ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتُ ʿanākibu; ʿanākību; ʿankabūtātu |
| Accusative | عَنَاكِبَ; عَنَاكِيبَ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتٍ ʿanākiba; ʿanākība; ʿankabūtātin | الْعَنَاكِبَ; الْعَنَاكِيبَ; الْعَنْكَبُوتَاتِ al-ʿanākiba; al-ʿanākība; al-ʿankabūtāti | عَنَاكِبَ; عَنَاكِيبَ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتِ ʿanākiba; ʿanākība; ʿankabūtāti |
| Genitive | عَنَاكِبَ; عَنَاكِيبَ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتٍ ʿanākiba; ʿanākība; ʿankabūtātin | الْعَنَاكِبِ; الْعَنَاكِيبِ; الْعَنْكَبُوتَاتِ al-ʿanākibi; al-ʿanākībi; al-ʿankabūtāti | عَنَاكِبِ; عَنَاكِيبِ; عَنْكَبُوتَاتِ ʿanākibi; ʿanākībi; ʿankabūtāti |
Descendants
- Maltese: għanqbut
- → Middle Armenian: անքապութի (ankʿaputʿi), յանկապութիա (yankaputʿia, “retina”)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عنكبوت
- Turkish: ankebut
References
- Jaussen, Antonin; Savignac, Antoine Raphaël (1909) Mission archéologique en Arabie, volume 1, Paris: Ernest Leroux, page 276
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 217–218
- Van der Westhuizen, Jasper Petrus (1971), “Some Notes on the Term עַכָּבִישׁ”, in De Fructu Oris Sui. Essays in Honour of Adrianus van Selms (Pretoria Oriental Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, pages 214–221
Further reading
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “عنكبوت”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 182–183
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عكب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 199
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عنكبوت”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 235
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “عكب”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 325–326
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “عنكبوت”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 390
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “عنكبوت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2177
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “عكب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 715
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “عنكبوت”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 732
- Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “عكب”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 289
- Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “عنكبوت”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, pages 316–317
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “عنكبوت”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 887
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʿankabūt, “spider”).
Noun
عنكبوت • (ʿankebut) (plural عناكب)
- spider, any of various arthropods of the order Araneae
- Synonym: اورمجك (örümcek)
Derived terms
- عنكبوتی (ʿankebutî, “spiderlike, arachnoid”)
- عنكبوتیه (ʿankebutiye, “arachnoid membrane”)
Descendants
- Turkish: ankebut
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “ankebut”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 256
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “عنكبوت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 863
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Araneus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 77
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “عنكبوت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3344
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “ankebut”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “عنكبوت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1325
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عَنْكَبُوت (ʿankabūt).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕan.ka.buːt/, [ʕan.kaˈbuːt]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
عنكبوت • (ʕankabūt) m (plural عناكب (ʕanākeb))
- spider