عند
Arabic
Etymology 1
A contraction of ع ن ن (ʿ-n-n) or ع ي ن (ʿ-y-n) in the sense of viewing, and يَدَا (yadā, “hand”); see at hand, before one's eyes. Compare also لَدَى (ladā) and لَدُنْ (ladun) for parallel contractions and semantic senses.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕin.da/
Audio (file)
Preposition
عِنْدَ • (ʿinda)
- near, with, at the house of
- at the time of
- جِئْتُكَ عِنْدَ شُرُوقِ الشَّمْسِ
- jiʾtuka ʿinda šurūqi š-šamsi
- I came to you at sunrise
- in one's sight, in one's opinion
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:15:
- إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ ٱللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ
- ʾiḏ talaqqawnahu bi-ʾalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʾafwāhikum mmā laysa lakum bihi ʿilmun wa-taḥsabūnahu hayyinan wa-huwa ʿinda llahi ʿaẓīmun
- When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the eyes of God, tremendous.
- a. 965, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي:
- بِذَا قَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ مَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِهَا / مَصَائِبُ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ فَوَائِدُ
- biḏā qaḍati l-ʾayyāmu mā bayna ʾahlihā / maṣāʾibu qawmin ʿinda qawmin fawāʾidu
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
- expresses possession, to have
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:148:
- قُلْ هَلْ عِنْدَكُم مِنْ عِلْمٍ فَتُخْرِجُوهُ لَنَا
- qul hal ʿindakum min ʿilmin fatuḵrijūhu lanā
- Say, "Do you have any knowledge which you can produce for us?"
-
Inflection
| Inflected forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | عِنْدَ (ʿinda) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
| First person | عِنْدِي (ʿindī) | عِنْدَنَا (ʿindanā) | |||
| Second person | عِنْدَكَ (ʿindaka) | عِنْدَكِ (ʿindaki) | عِنْدَكُمَا (ʿindakumā) | عِنْدَكُمْ (ʿindakum) | عِنْدَكُنَّ (ʿindakunna) |
| Third person | عِنْدَهُ (ʿindahu) | عِنْدَهَا (ʿindahā) | عِنْدَهُمَا (ʿindahumā) | عِنْدَهُمْ (ʿindahum) | عِنْدَهُنَّ (ʿindahunna) |
Synonyms
- لَدَى (ladā)
- لَدُنْ (ladun)
Derived terms
- عِنْدَئِذٍ (ʿindaʾiḏin)
- عِنْدَمَا (ʿindamā)
Descendants
- Egyptian Arabic: عند (ʕand)
- Gulf Arabic: عند (ʕind)
- Moroccan Arabic: عند (ʕand)
- South Levantine Arabic: عند (ʕind)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عند (ind)
- Turkish: ind
- Maltese: għand
Etymology 2
From the root ع ن د (ʿ-n-d).
Verb
عَنَدَ • (ʿanada) I, non-past يَعْنُدُ or يَعْنِدُ (yaʿnudu or yaʿnidu)
- to be perverse, diverging or obstinate
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَنَدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عُنُود)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | عُنُود ʿunūd | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | عَانِد ʿānid | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عَنَدْتُ ʿanadtu | عَنَدْتَ ʿanadta | عَنَدَ ʿanada | عَنَدْتُمَا ʿanadtumā | عَنَدَا ʿanadā | عَنَدْنَا ʿanadnā | عَنَدْتُمْ ʿanadtum | عَنَدُوا ʿanadū | |||
| f | عَنَدْتِ ʿanadti | عَنَدَتْ ʿanadat | عَنَدَتَا ʿanadatā | عَنَدْتُنَّ ʿanadtunna | عَنَدْنَ ʿanadna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَعْنُدُ or أَعْنِدُ ʾaʿnudu or ʾaʿnidu | تَعْنُدُ or تَعْنِدُ taʿnudu or taʿnidu | يَعْنُدُ or يَعْنِدُ yaʿnudu or yaʿnidu | تَعْنُدَانِ or تَعْنِدَانِ taʿnudāni or taʿnidāni | يَعْنُدَانِ or يَعْنِدَانِ yaʿnudāni or yaʿnidāni | نَعْنُدُ or نَعْنِدُ naʿnudu or naʿnidu | تَعْنُدُونَ or تَعْنِدُونَ taʿnudūna or taʿnidūna | يَعْنُدُونَ or يَعْنِدُونَ yaʿnudūna or yaʿnidūna | |||
| f | تَعْنُدِينَ or تَعْنِدِينَ taʿnudīna or taʿnidīna | تَعْنُدُ or تَعْنِدُ taʿnudu or taʿnidu | تَعْنُدَانِ or تَعْنِدَانِ taʿnudāni or taʿnidāni | تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʿnudna or taʿnidna | يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʿnudna or yaʿnidna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَعْنُدَ or أَعْنِدَ ʾaʿnuda or ʾaʿnida | تَعْنُدَ or تَعْنِدَ taʿnuda or taʿnida | يَعْنُدَ or يَعْنِدَ yaʿnuda or yaʿnida | تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʿnudā or taʿnidā | يَعْنُدَا or يَعْنِدَا yaʿnudā or yaʿnidā | نَعْنُدَ or نَعْنِدَ naʿnuda or naʿnida | تَعْنُدُوا or تَعْنِدُوا taʿnudū or taʿnidū | يَعْنُدُوا or يَعْنِدُوا yaʿnudū or yaʿnidū | |||
| f | تَعْنُدِي or تَعْنِدِي taʿnudī or taʿnidī | تَعْنُدَ or تَعْنِدَ taʿnuda or taʿnida | تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʿnudā or taʿnidā | تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʿnudna or taʿnidna | يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʿnudna or yaʿnidna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَعْنُدْ or أَعْنِدْ ʾaʿnud or ʾaʿnid | تَعْنُدْ or تَعْنِدْ taʿnud or taʿnid | يَعْنُدْ or يَعْنِدْ yaʿnud or yaʿnid | تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʿnudā or taʿnidā | يَعْنُدَا or يَعْنِدَا yaʿnudā or yaʿnidā | نَعْنُدْ or نَعْنِدْ naʿnud or naʿnid | تَعْنُدُوا or تَعْنِدُوا taʿnudū or taʿnidū | يَعْنُدُوا or يَعْنِدُوا yaʿnudū or yaʿnidū | |||
| f | تَعْنُدِي or تَعْنِدِي taʿnudī or taʿnidī | تَعْنُدْ or تَعْنِدْ taʿnud or taʿnid | تَعْنُدَا or تَعْنِدَا taʿnudā or taʿnidā | تَعْنُدْنَ or تَعْنِدْنَ taʿnudna or taʿnidna | يَعْنُدْنَ or يَعْنِدْنَ yaʿnudna or yaʿnidna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اُعْنُدْ or اِعْنِدْ uʿnud or iʿnid | اُعْنُدَا or اِعْنِدَا uʿnudā or iʿnidā | اُعْنُدُوا or اِعْنِدُوا uʿnudū or iʿnidū | ||||||||
| f | اُعْنُدِي or اِعْنِدِي uʿnudī or iʿnidī | اُعْنُدْنَ or اِعْنِدْنَ uʿnudna or iʿnidna | ||||||||||
Verb
عَنِدَ • (ʿanida) I, non-past يَعْنَدُ (yaʿnadu)
- to be perverse, diverging or obstinate
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَنِدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عَنَد)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | عَنَد ʿanad | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | عَانِد ʿānid | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عَنِدْتُ ʿanidtu | عَنِدْتَ ʿanidta | عَنِدَ ʿanida | عَنِدْتُمَا ʿanidtumā | عَنِدَا ʿanidā | عَنِدْنَا ʿanidnā | عَنِدْتُمْ ʿanidtum | عَنِدُوا ʿanidū | |||
| f | عَنِدْتِ ʿanidti | عَنِدَتْ ʿanidat | عَنِدَتَا ʿanidatā | عَنِدْتُنَّ ʿanidtunna | عَنِدْنَ ʿanidna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَعْنَدُ ʾaʿnadu | تَعْنَدُ taʿnadu | يَعْنَدُ yaʿnadu | تَعْنَدَانِ taʿnadāni | يَعْنَدَانِ yaʿnadāni | نَعْنَدُ naʿnadu | تَعْنَدُونَ taʿnadūna | يَعْنَدُونَ yaʿnadūna | |||
| f | تَعْنَدِينَ taʿnadīna | تَعْنَدُ taʿnadu | تَعْنَدَانِ taʿnadāni | تَعْنَدْنَ taʿnadna | يَعْنَدْنَ yaʿnadna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَعْنَدَ ʾaʿnada | تَعْنَدَ taʿnada | يَعْنَدَ yaʿnada | تَعْنَدَا taʿnadā | يَعْنَدَا yaʿnadā | نَعْنَدَ naʿnada | تَعْنَدُوا taʿnadū | يَعْنَدُوا yaʿnadū | |||
| f | تَعْنَدِي taʿnadī | تَعْنَدَ taʿnada | تَعْنَدَا taʿnadā | تَعْنَدْنَ taʿnadna | يَعْنَدْنَ yaʿnadna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَعْنَدْ ʾaʿnad | تَعْنَدْ taʿnad | يَعْنَدْ yaʿnad | تَعْنَدَا taʿnadā | يَعْنَدَا yaʿnadā | نَعْنَدْ naʿnad | تَعْنَدُوا taʿnadū | يَعْنَدُوا yaʿnadū | |||
| f | تَعْنَدِي taʿnadī | تَعْنَدْ taʿnad | تَعْنَدَا taʿnadā | تَعْنَدْنَ taʿnadna | يَعْنَدْنَ yaʿnadna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِعْنَدْ iʿnad | اِعْنَدَا iʿnadā | اِعْنَدُوا iʿnadū | ||||||||
| f | اِعْنَدِي iʿnadī | اِعْنَدْنَ iʿnadna | ||||||||||
Noun
عِنْد • (ʿind) m
- animus, heart, will
Declension
Declension of noun عِنْد (ʿind)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِنْد ʿind | الْعِنْد al-ʿind | عِنْد ʿind |
| Nominative | عِنْدٌ ʿindun | الْعِنْدُ al-ʿindu | عِنْدُ ʿindu |
| Accusative | عِنْدًا ʿindan | الْعِنْدَ al-ʿinda | عِنْدَ ʿinda |
| Genitive | عِنْدٍ ʿindin | الْعِنْدِ al-ʿindi | عِنْدِ ʿindi |
Adjective
عُنُد • (ʿunud) c pl
- common plural of عَنُود (ʿanūd)
Egyptian Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʿinda).
Preposition
عند • (ʿand)
- at the house of
- expresses possession, to have
- ماعندوش اصحاب. ― mā ʿandūš ʾaṣḥāb ― He doesn't have friends.
Inflection
| Inflected forms of عند | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | عند (ʿand) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||
| 1st person | عندي (ʿandi) | عندنا (ʿandina) | |||
| 2nd person | عندك (ʿandak) | عندك (ʿandik) | عندكو (ʿanduku) | ||
| 3rd person | عنده (ʿandu) | عندها (ʿandaha) | عندهم (ʿanduhum) | ||
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʿinda).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕand/
Preposition
عند • (ʕand)
- at the house of
- expresses possession, to have
Inflection
| Inflected forms of عند | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | عند (ʕand) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||
| 1st person | عندي (ʕandi) | عندنا (ʕandna) | |||
| 2nd person | عندك (ʕandek) | عندك (ʕandki) | عندكم (ʕandkum) | ||
| 3rd person | عنده (ʕandu) | عندها (ʕandha) | عندهم (ʕandhum) | ||
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ع ن د |
Etymology 1
From Arabic عِنْدَ (ʿinda).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕind/, [ʕɪnd]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Preposition
عند • (ʕind)
- at (the physical or abstract location of something or someone)
- عند الباب ― ʕind il-bāb ― at the door
- عند الدكتور ― ʕind id-doktōr ― at the doctor's
- فيه كتير مشاكل سياسيّة عند العرب.
- fīh ktīr mašākel siyāsiyye ʕind il-ʕarab
- Arabs have a lot of political problems.
- (literally, “There are a lot of political problems at the Arabs'.”)
- (by extension) to have
- Synonyms: مع (maʕ), إلـ (ʔil-)
- عندي واجبات كتير.
- ʕindi wajbāt ktīr
- I have a lot of homework.
- (literally, “A lot of homework is at me.”)
- كانت عندي واجبات كتير.
- kānat ʕindi wajbāt ktīr
- I had a lot of homework.
- (literally, “A lot of homework was at me.”)
- خلي عندك شوية احترام.
- ḵalli ʕindak šwayyet iḥtirām.
- Have a little respect.
Usage notes
- Sentences in which عند (ʕind) is used to express possession are nominal sentences: grammatically, the object of possession is framed as being in a certain place. Accordingly, if كان (kān) is used to modify the tense, it must agree grammatically with the object of possession.
- Usually خلى (ḵalla) is used to construct the imperative; in this case, it does agree with the subject.
- Compare عند (ʕind) with French chez.
Inflection
| Inflected forms of عند | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base form | عند (ʕind) | ||||
| Personal-pronoun- including forms | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||
| 1st person | عندي (ʕindi) | عنّا (ʕinna) | |||
| 2nd person | عندك (ʕindak) | عندك (ʕindek) | عندكم (ʕindkom) | ||
| 3rd person | عنده (ʕindo) | عندها (ʕindha) | عندهم (ʕindhom) | ||
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| ع ن د |
Compare Arabic عند (ʿanada, ʿanida, ʿanuda, “to be stubborn, to resist stubbornly”). The shift to Form II in South Levantine Arabic might serve to intensify the meaning, which is a function of the verbs in the second form. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕan.nad/, [ˈʕan.nad]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
عنّد • (ʕannad) (form II, present بعنّد (biʕanned))
- to persist, to be stubborn
Conjugation
| Conjugation of عنّد (ʕannad) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| past | m | عنّدت (ʕannadt) | عنّدت (ʕannadt) | عنّد (ʕannad) | عنّدنا (ʕannadna) | عنّدتو (ʕannadtu) | عنّدو (ʕannadu) | |
| f | عنّدتي (ʕannadti) | عنّدت (ʕannadat) | ||||||
| present | m | بعنّد (baʕanned) | بتعنّد (bitʕanned) | بعنّد (biʕanned) | منعنّد (minʕanned) | بتعنّدو (bitʕanndu) | بعنّدو (biʕanndu) | |
| f | بتعنّدي (bitʕanndi) | بتعنّد (bitʕanned) | ||||||
| subjunctive | m | اعنّد (aʕanned) | تعنّد (tʕanned) | يعنّد (yʕanned) | نعنّد (nʕanned) | تعنّدو (tʕanndu) | يعنّدو (yʕanndu) | |
| f | تعنّدي (tʕanndi) | تعنّد (tʕanned) | ||||||
| imperative | m | عنّد (ʕanned) | عنّدو (ʕanndu) | |||||
| f | عنّدي (ʕanndi) | |||||||