علقم
Arabic
FWOTD – 15 April 2021
عَلْقَم
Etymology
From the root ل ق م (l-q-m) with an augment or perhaps elative from it like عَسْجَد (ʿasjad, “gold”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕal.qam/
Noun
عَلْقَم • (ʿalqam) m (collective, singulative عَلْقَمَة f (ʿalqama) or عَلْقَمَاء f (ʿalqamāʾ))
- colocynth
- Synonyms: حَنْظَل (ḥanẓal), حَدَج (ḥadaj)
- 2019 June 24, مشاري الذايدي, “باتجاه سقوط محور تركيا وإيران وقطر”, in Aš-šarq al-ʾawsaṭ:
- المعسكر الذي تقبع به سلطات قطر وتركيا وإيران في النازل لا الطالع، تحصد الزقوم وتتجرع العلقم وتضرس الحصرم على أسنان نخرة.
- The camp in which the powers of Qaṭar, Turkey, and Iran trumpet is descending, not ascending; they reap the Egyptian balsam, gorge the colocynth, and chomp on sour grapes high-nosed.
- (al-Andalus) squirting cucumber
- Synonyms: قِثَّاء الْحِمَار (qiṯṯāʾ al-ḥimār), فَقُّوس الْحِمَار (faqqūs al-ḥimār), صَاب (ṣāb)
- a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, DOI:, →ISBN, 802 (fol. 68r,1–5), page 938:
- الصاب هو العلقم، وقال أبو حنيفة: الصاب شجر إذا اعتصر خرج منه كهيئة اللبن، فربّما نزتْ منه نزية، أي قطرة، فتقع في العين فكأنّها شهاب نار، وربّما أضعفت البصر.
- Aṣ-ṣāb is the squirting cucumber. Abū Ḥanīfa said: Aṣ-ṣāb is a shrub from which one brings out a milkish sap on squeeze. If a squirt, that is to say a single drop of it, touches the eye, it is afterwards [hurting] like fire-brand. It potentially weakens the eyesight.
Declension
Declension of noun عَلْقَم (ʿalqam)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَلْقَم ʿalqam | الْعَلْقَم al-ʿalqam | عَلْقَم ʿalqam |
| Nominative | عَلْقَمٌ ʿalqamun | الْعَلْقَمُ al-ʿalqamu | عَلْقَمُ ʿalqamu |
| Accusative | عَلْقَمًا ʿalqaman | الْعَلْقَمَ al-ʿalqama | عَلْقَمَ ʿalqama |
| Genitive | عَلْقَمٍ ʿalqamin | الْعَلْقَمِ al-ʿalqami | عَلْقَمِ ʿalqami |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَلْقَمَة ʿalqama | الْعَلْقَمَة al-ʿalqama | عَلْقَمَة ʿalqamat |
| Nominative | عَلْقَمَةٌ ʿalqamatun | الْعَلْقَمَةُ al-ʿalqamatu | عَلْقَمَةُ ʿalqamatu |
| Accusative | عَلْقَمَةً ʿalqamatan | الْعَلْقَمَةَ al-ʿalqamata | عَلْقَمَةَ ʿalqamata |
| Genitive | عَلْقَمَةٍ ʿalqamatin | الْعَلْقَمَةِ al-ʿalqamati | عَلْقَمَةِ ʿalqamati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَلْقَمَتَيْن ʿalqamatayn | الْعَلْقَمَتَيْن al-ʿalqamatayn | عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʿalqamatay |
| Nominative | عَلْقَمَتَانِ ʿalqamatāni | الْعَلْقَمَتَانِ al-ʿalqamatāni | عَلْقَمَتَا ʿalqamatā |
| Accusative | عَلْقَمَتَيْنِ ʿalqamatayni | الْعَلْقَمَتَيْنِ al-ʿalqamatayni | عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʿalqamatay |
| Genitive | عَلْقَمَتَيْنِ ʿalqamatayni | الْعَلْقَمَتَيْنِ al-ʿalqamatayni | عَلْقَمَتَيْ ʿalqamatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَلْقَمَات ʿalqamāt | الْعَلْقَمَات al-ʿalqamāt | عَلْقَمَات ʿalqamāt |
| Nominative | عَلْقَمَاتٌ ʿalqamātun | الْعَلْقَمَاتُ al-ʿalqamātu | عَلْقَمَاتُ ʿalqamātu |
| Accusative | عَلْقَمَاتٍ ʿalqamātin | الْعَلْقَمَاتِ al-ʿalqamāti | عَلْقَمَاتِ ʿalqamāti |
| Genitive | عَلْقَمَاتٍ ʿalqamātin | الْعَلْقَمَاتِ al-ʿalqamāti | عَلْقَمَاتِ ʿalqamāti |
References
- “علقم” in Almaany
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “علقم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 163a