ع ف ر
Arabic
Etymology
Variant of غ ب ر (ḡ-b-r), while ع ف ر • (ʿ-f-r) is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Sabaean 𐩲𐩰𐩧 (ʿfr) means “to perform, to do consideration”. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).
Root
ع ف ر • (ʿ-f-r)
- related to ash
Derived terms
- Form I: عَفَرَ (ʿafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”)
- Verbal noun: عَفْر (ʿafr)
- Active participle: عَافِر (ʿāfir)
- Passive participle: مَعْفُور (maʿfūr)
- Form II: عَفَّرَ (ʿaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ (ʿafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”)
- Verbal noun: تَعْفِير (taʿfīr)
- Active participle: مُعَفِّر (muʿaffir)
- Passive participle: مُعَفَّر (muʿaffar)
- Form III: عَافَرَ (ʿāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”)
- Verbal noun: مُعَافَرَة (muʿāfara), عِفَار (ʿifār)
- Active participle: مُعَافِر (muʿāfir)
- Passive participle: مُعَافَر (muʿāfar)
- Form V: تَعَفَّرَ (taʿaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
- Verbal noun: تَعَفُّر (taʿaffur)
- Active participle: مُتَعَفِّر (mutaʿaffir)
- Form VI: تَعَافَرَ (taʿāfara, “to be made ash-gray”)
- Verbal noun: تَعَافُر (taʿāfur)
- Active participle: مُتَعَافِر (mutaʿāfir)
- Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ (inʿafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”)
- Verbal noun: اِنْعِفَار (inʿifār)
- Active participle: مُنْعَفِر (munʿafir)
- Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ (iʿtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
- Verbal noun: اِعْتِفَار (iʿtifār)
- Active participle: مُعْتَفِر (muʿtafir)
- عِفْر (ʿifr, “farrow”)
- عَفَر (ʿafar, “dust”)
- عُفْرَة (ʿufra, “dust colour”)
- عُفَار (ʿufār, “dust”)
- عَفَار (ʿafār, “certain ignitable plants”)
- عَفَّارَة (ʿaffāra, “pulverizer, atomizer, sprayer”)
- يَعْفُور (yaʿfūr, “gazelle of ash-gray colour”)
- عَفِير (ʿafīr, “dry, dusty”)
- عِفْرِيَة (ʿifriya, “long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane”)
- عَفَّار (ʿaffār, “who pollinates”)
- عِفْرِيت (ʿifrīt, “wicked”)
References
- Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 808
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 10
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ع ف ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “ع ف ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 183–184
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “ع ف ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2089–2091
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ع ف ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 854