عرناس
Arabic
FWOTD – 28 October 2021
عَرْنَاس
Alternative forms
- عِرْنَاسَة (ʿirnāsa)
- قِرْنَاس (qirnās) – no uses are known; but in the meaning of a crag
Etymology
Suspected to be borrowed from Aramaic *עַרְנָסָא (*ʿarnāsā, “distaff”), attested as Classical Syriac ܥܱܪܢܳܣܴܐ (ʿarnāsā) but from the 9th century and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אורנאסא (ʾurnāsā) once in the Tractate Šabbaṯ of the Gemara folio 91b(41) of uncertain meaning, lost already to the Geonim, certainly not distaff, and once mentioned by Hai Gaon commenting Tractate Kēlīm Chapter 21, 1 and referring to the previous occurrence he commented, noting it to be used at his time in Babylonia in the meaning of distaff like the Arabic, else in Neo-Aramaic lects borrowed from Arabic, so the assumed borrowing direction is met with reservation; in either language likely a foreign word, further the provenance is unknown.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕir.naːs/, /ʕar.naːs/
Noun
عِرْنَاس or عَرْنَاس • (ʿirnās or ʿarnās) m (plural عَرَانِيس (ʿarānīs))
- distaff
- (obsolete) a kind of bird similar to a dove
- a. 1229, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawīy, Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, كتاب معجم البلدان [kitāb muʿjam al-buldān], volume 4, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, published 1869, page 585 line 2:quoting→, ثعلبة بن غيلان [Ṯaʿlaba ibn Ġaylān], nothing seems to be known of this poet:
- إِذَا شِئْتُ غَنَّانِي ٱلْحَمَامُ بِعَيْكَةٍ
وَلَيْسَ سَوَاءً صَوْتُهَا وَٱلْعَرَانِس- ʾiḏā šiʾtu ḡannānī l-ḥamāmu biʿaykatin
walaysa sawāʾan ṣawtuhā wal-ʿarānis - When I want, the doves sing me in the thicket
And their voices and those of the ʿarānīs are not on par
- ʾiḏā šiʾtu ḡannānī l-ḥamāmu biʿaykatin
-
Declension
Declension of noun عِرْنَاس (ʿirnās); عَرْنَاس (ʿarnās)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِرْنَاس; عَرْنَاس ʿirnās; ʿarnās | الْعِرْنَاس; الْعَرْنَاس al-ʿirnās; al-ʿarnās | عِرْنَاس; عَرْنَاس ʿirnās; ʿarnās |
| Nominative | عِرْنَاسٌ; عَرْنَاسٌ ʿirnāsun; ʿarnāsun | الْعِرْنَاسُ; الْعَرْنَاسُ al-ʿirnāsu; al-ʿarnāsu | عِرْنَاسُ; عَرْنَاسُ ʿirnāsu; ʿarnāsu |
| Accusative | عِرْنَاسًا; عَرْنَاسًا ʿirnāsan; ʿarnāsan | الْعِرْنَاسَ; الْعَرْنَاسَ al-ʿirnāsa; al-ʿarnāsa | عِرْنَاسَ; عَرْنَاسَ ʿirnāsa; ʿarnāsa |
| Genitive | عِرْنَاسٍ; عَرْنَاسٍ ʿirnāsin; ʿarnāsin | الْعِرْنَاسِ; الْعَرْنَاسِ al-ʿirnāsi; al-ʿarnāsi | عِرْنَاسِ; عَرْنَاسِ ʿirnāsi; ʿarnāsi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عِرْنَاسَيْن; عَرْنَاسَيْن ʿirnāsayn; ʿarnāsayn | الْعِرْنَاسَيْن; الْعَرْنَاسَيْن al-ʿirnāsayn; al-ʿarnāsayn | عِرْنَاسَيْ; عَرْنَاسَيْ ʿirnāsay; ʿarnāsay |
| Nominative | عِرْنَاسَانِ; عَرْنَاسَانِ ʿirnāsāni; ʿarnāsāni | الْعِرْنَاسَانِ; الْعَرْنَاسَانِ al-ʿirnāsāni; al-ʿarnāsāni | عِرْنَاسَا; عَرْنَاسَا ʿirnāsā; ʿarnāsā |
| Accusative | عِرْنَاسَيْنِ; عَرْنَاسَيْنِ ʿirnāsayni; ʿarnāsayni | الْعِرْنَاسَيْنِ; الْعَرْنَاسَيْنِ al-ʿirnāsayni; al-ʿarnāsayni | عِرْنَاسَيْ; عَرْنَاسَيْ ʿirnāsay; ʿarnāsay |
| Genitive | عِرْنَاسَيْنِ; عَرْنَاسَيْنِ ʿirnāsayni; ʿarnāsayni | الْعِرْنَاسَيْنِ; الْعَرْنَاسَيْنِ al-ʿirnāsayni; al-ʿarnāsayni | عِرْنَاسَيْ; عَرْنَاسَيْ ʿirnāsay; ʿarnāsay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَرَانِيس ʿarānīs | الْعَرَانِيس al-ʿarānīs | عَرَانِيس ʿarānīs |
| Nominative | عَرَانِيسُ ʿarānīsu | الْعَرَانِيسُ al-ʿarānīsu | عَرَانِيسُ ʿarānīsu |
| Accusative | عَرَانِيسَ ʿarānīsa | الْعَرَانِيسَ al-ʿarānīsa | عَرَانِيسَ ʿarānīsa |
| Genitive | عَرَانِيسَ ʿarānīsa | الْعَرَانِيسِ al-ʿarānīsi | عَرَانِيسِ ʿarānīsi |
Coordinate terms
- مِغْزَل (miḡzal, “spindle”)
References
غزل (حرفة) on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ar- “ˁrns”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ˀwrnsˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “عرناس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 122
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 94
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عرناس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 147
- Ullmann, Manfred (1992) Das Motiv des Spiegels in der arabischen Literatur des Mittelalters (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen: Philologisch-historische Klasse; 198) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 27–28 and by Rainer Degen 156–161