عدو
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ع د و (ʿ-d-w).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕa.duww/
Noun
عَدُوّ • (ʿaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء (ʾaʿdāʾ) or عِدًى (ʿidan) or عُدًى (ʿudan) or أَعَادٍ (ʾaʿādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʿaduww) or عَدُوَّة (ʿaduwwa))
- enemy; foe
- Antonyms: صَدِيق (ṣadīq), حَلِيف (ḥalīf), خَلِيل (ḵalīl), نَصِير (naṣīr)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
- الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ
- al-ʾaḵillāʾu yawmaʾiḏin baʿḍuhum li-baʿḍin ʿaduwwun ʾillā l-muttaqīna
- Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
- هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ
- humu l-ʿaduwwu faḥḏarhum
- They are the enemy, so beware of them.
Declension
Declension of noun عَدُوّ (ʿaduww)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَدُوّ ʿaduww | الْعَدُوّ al-ʿaduww | عَدُوّ ʿaduww |
Nominative | عَدُوٌّ ʿaduwwun | الْعَدُوُّ al-ʿaduwwu | عَدُوُّ ʿaduwwu |
Accusative | عَدُوًّا ʿaduwwan | الْعَدُوَّ al-ʿaduwwa | عَدُوَّ ʿaduwwa |
Genitive | عَدُوٍّ ʿaduwwin | الْعَدُوِّ al-ʿaduwwi | عَدُوِّ ʿaduwwi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَدُوَّيْن ʿaduwwayn | الْعَدُوَّيْن al-ʿaduwwayn | عَدُوَّيْ ʿaduwway |
Nominative | عَدُوَّانِ ʿaduwwāni | الْعَدُوَّانِ al-ʿaduwwāni | عَدُوَّا ʿaduwwā |
Accusative | عَدُوَّيْنِ ʿaduwwayni | الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʿaduwwayni | عَدُوَّيْ ʿaduwway |
Genitive | عَدُوَّيْنِ ʿaduwwayni | الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʿaduwwayni | عَدُوَّيْ ʿaduwway |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural in ـًى (-an); broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَعْدَاء; عِدَى; عُدَى; أَعَادِي ʾaʿdāʾ; ʿidā; ʿudā; ʾaʿādī | الْأَعْدَاء; الْعِدَى; الْعُدَى; الْأَعَادِي al-ʾaʿdāʾ; al-ʿidā; al-ʿudā; al-ʾaʿādī | أَعْدَاء; عِدَى; عُدَى; أَعَادِي ʾaʿdāʾ; ʿidā; ʿudā; ʾaʿādī |
Nominative | أَعْدَاءٌ; عِدًى; عُدًى; أَعَادٍ ʾaʿdāʾun; ʿidan; ʿudan; ʾaʿādin | الْأَعْدَاءُ; الْعِدَى; الْعُدَى; الْأَعَادِي al-ʾaʿdāʾu; al-ʿidā; al-ʿudā; al-ʾaʿādī | أَعْدَاءُ; عِدَى; عُدَى; أَعَادِي ʾaʿdāʾu; ʿidā; ʿudā; ʾaʿādī |
Accusative | أَعْدَاءً; عِدًى; عُدًى; أَعَادِيَ ʾaʿdāʾan; ʿidan; ʿudan; ʾaʿādiya | الْأَعْدَاءَ; الْعِدَى; الْعُدَى; الْأَعَادِيَ al-ʾaʿdāʾa; al-ʿidā; al-ʿudā; al-ʾaʿādiya | أَعْدَاءَ; عِدَى; عُدَى; أَعَادِيَ ʾaʿdāʾa; ʿidā; ʿudā; ʾaʿādiya |
Genitive | أَعْدَاءٍ; عِدًى; عُدًى; أَعَادٍ ʾaʿdāʾin; ʿidan; ʿudan; ʾaʿādin | الْأَعْدَاءِ; الْعِدَى; الْعُدَى; الْأَعَادِي al-ʾaʿdāʾi; al-ʿidā; al-ʿudā; al-ʾaʿādī | أَعْدَاءِ; عِدَى; عُدَى; أَعَادِي ʾaʿdāʾi; ʿidā; ʿudā; ʾaʿādī |
Derived terms
- اَلْحَقُّ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ ٱلْأَعْدَاءُ (al-ḥaqqu mā šahidat bihi l-ʾaʿdāʾu, proverb)
- عَدُوُّ عَدُوِّي صَدِيقِي (ʿaduwwu ʿaduwwī ṣadīqī, proverb)
Descendants
- Maltese: għadu
- → Northern Kurdish: edû
- → Persian: عَدو ('adu)
- → Swahili: adui
- → Somali: cadow
- → Tajik: аду (adu)
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عَدُوّ (ʿaduww).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕduww/
Noun
عدو • (ʕduww) m (plural عديان (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة (ʕduwwa))
- enemy; foe