عتر
See also: عثر
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ع ت ر (ʿ-t-r).
Verb
عَتَرَ • (ʿatara) I, non-past يَعْتِرُ (yaʿtiru)
- to slaughter for offering, to sacrifice (a عَتِيرَة (ʿatīra))
- 7th century CE, Sunan an-Nasāʾiyy, 41:5:
- فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الْعَتَائِرُ وَٱلْفَرَائِعُ؟» قَالَ «مَنْ شَاءَ عَتَرَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَعْتِرْ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَرَّعَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يُفَرِّعْ فِي الْغَنَمِ أُضْحِيَتُهَا.»
- faqāla rajulun mina n-nāsi: “yā rasūla l-lahi, al-ʿatāʾiru wal-farāʾiʿu?” qāla “man šāʾa ʿatara waman šāʾa lam yaʿtir, waman šāʾa farraʿa waman šāʾa lam yufarriʿ fī l-ḡanami ʾuḍḥiyatuhā.”
- Then a man among the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, what about the goat slaughter and goat firstling slaughter?“ He said: Whoso wishes to offer a goat may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. Whoso wishes to offer a firstling may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. And with regard to sheep, a sacrifice should be made.”
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَتَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عَتْر)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | عَتْر ʿatr | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | عَاتِر ʿātir | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَعْتُور maʿtūr | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عَتَرْتُ ʿatartu | عَتَرْتَ ʿatarta | عَتَرَ ʿatara | عَتَرْتُمَا ʿatartumā | عَتَرَا ʿatarā | عَتَرْنَا ʿatarnā | عَتَرْتُمْ ʿatartum | عَتَرُوا ʿatarū | |||
| f | عَتَرْتِ ʿatarti | عَتَرَتْ ʿatarat | عَتَرَتَا ʿataratā | عَتَرْتُنَّ ʿatartunna | عَتَرْنَ ʿatarna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَعْتِرُ ʾaʿtiru | تَعْتِرُ taʿtiru | يَعْتِرُ yaʿtiru | تَعْتِرَانِ taʿtirāni | يَعْتِرَانِ yaʿtirāni | نَعْتِرُ naʿtiru | تَعْتِرُونَ taʿtirūna | يَعْتِرُونَ yaʿtirūna | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِينَ taʿtirīna | تَعْتِرُ taʿtiru | تَعْتِرَانِ taʿtirāni | تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna | يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَعْتِرَ ʾaʿtira | تَعْتِرَ taʿtira | يَعْتِرَ yaʿtira | تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā | يَعْتِرَا yaʿtirā | نَعْتِرَ naʿtira | تَعْتِرُوا taʿtirū | يَعْتِرُوا yaʿtirū | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِي taʿtirī | تَعْتِرَ taʿtira | تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā | تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna | يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَعْتِرْ ʾaʿtir | تَعْتِرْ taʿtir | يَعْتِرْ yaʿtir | تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā | يَعْتِرَا yaʿtirā | نَعْتِرْ naʿtir | تَعْتِرُوا taʿtirū | يَعْتِرُوا yaʿtirū | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِي taʿtirī | تَعْتِرْ taʿtir | تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā | تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna | يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِعْتِرْ iʿtir | اِعْتِرَا iʿtirā | اِعْتِرُوا iʿtirū | ||||||||
| f | اِعْتِرِي iʿtirī | اِعْتِرْنَ iʿtirna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عُتِرْتُ ʿutirtu | عُتِرْتَ ʿutirta | عُتِرَ ʿutira | عُتِرْتُمَا ʿutirtumā | عُتِرَا ʿutirā | عُتِرْنَا ʿutirnā | عُتِرْتُمْ ʿutirtum | عُتِرُوا ʿutirū | |||
| f | عُتِرْتِ ʿutirti | عُتِرَتْ ʿutirat | عُتِرَتَا ʿutiratā | عُتِرْتُنَّ ʿutirtunna | عُتِرْنَ ʿutirna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُعْتَرُ ʾuʿtaru | تُعْتَرُ tuʿtaru | يُعْتَرُ yuʿtaru | تُعْتَرَانِ tuʿtarāni | يُعْتَرَانِ yuʿtarāni | نُعْتَرُ nuʿtaru | تُعْتَرُونَ tuʿtarūna | يُعْتَرُونَ yuʿtarūna | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِينَ tuʿtarīna | تُعْتَرُ tuʿtaru | تُعْتَرَانِ tuʿtarāni | تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna | يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُعْتَرَ ʾuʿtara | تُعْتَرَ tuʿtara | يُعْتَرَ yuʿtara | تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā | يُعْتَرَا yuʿtarā | نُعْتَرَ nuʿtara | تُعْتَرُوا tuʿtarū | يُعْتَرُوا yuʿtarū | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِي tuʿtarī | تُعْتَرَ tuʿtara | تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā | تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna | يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُعْتَرْ ʾuʿtar | تُعْتَرْ tuʿtar | يُعْتَرْ yuʿtar | تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā | يُعْتَرَا yuʿtarā | نُعْتَرْ nuʿtar | تُعْتَرُوا tuʿtarū | يُعْتَرُوا yuʿtarū | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِي tuʿtarī | تُعْتَرْ tuʿtar | تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā | تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna | يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
Noun
عِتْر • (ʿitr) m (collective, singulative عِتْرَة f (ʿitra))
- original state, natural disposition
- penis
- Glossonema varians syn. Glossonema edule, the young fruits and leaves of which are eaten raw
- caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, and especially the edible buds from it)
- idol offered to
Declension
Declension of noun عِتْر (ʿitr)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْر ʿitr | الْعِتْر al-ʿitr | عِتْر ʿitr |
| Nominative | عِتْرٌ ʿitrun | الْعِتْرُ al-ʿitru | عِتْرُ ʿitru |
| Accusative | عِتْرًا ʿitran | الْعِتْرَ al-ʿitra | عِتْرَ ʿitra |
| Genitive | عِتْرٍ ʿitrin | الْعِتْرِ al-ʿitri | عِتْرِ ʿitri |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْرَة ʿitra | الْعِتْرَة al-ʿitra | عِتْرَة ʿitrat |
| Nominative | عِتْرَةٌ ʿitratun | الْعِتْرَةُ al-ʿitratu | عِتْرَةُ ʿitratu |
| Accusative | عِتْرَةً ʿitratan | الْعِتْرَةَ al-ʿitrata | عِتْرَةَ ʿitrata |
| Genitive | عِتْرَةٍ ʿitratin | الْعِتْرَةِ al-ʿitrati | عِتْرَةِ ʿitrati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عِتْرَتَيْن ʿitratayn | الْعِتْرَتَيْن al-ʿitratayn | عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Nominative | عِتْرَتَانِ ʿitratāni | الْعِتْرَتَانِ al-ʿitratāni | عِتْرَتَا ʿitratā |
| Accusative | عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʿitratayni | الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʿitratayni | عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Genitive | عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʿitratayni | الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʿitratayni | عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْرَات ʿitrāt | الْعِتْرَات al-ʿitrāt | عِتْرَات ʿitrāt |
| Nominative | عِتْرَاتٌ ʿitrātun | الْعِتْرَاتُ al-ʿitrātu | عِتْرَاتُ ʿitrātu |
| Accusative | عِتْرَاتٍ ʿitrātin | الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʿitrāti | عِتْرَاتِ ʿitrāti |
| Genitive | عِتْرَاتٍ ʿitrātin | الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʿitrāti | عِتْرَاتِ ʿitrāti |
Noun
عَتْر • (ʿatr) m
- verbal noun of عَتَرَ (ʿatara) (form I)
- penis
Declension
Declension of noun عَتْر (ʿatr)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَتْر ʿatr | الْعَتْر al-ʿatr | عَتْر ʿatr |
| Nominative | عَتْرٌ ʿatrun | الْعَتْرُ al-ʿatru | عَتْرُ ʿatru |
| Accusative | عَتْرًا ʿatran | الْعَتْرَ al-ʿatra | عَتْرَ ʿatra |
| Genitive | عَتْرٍ ʿatrin | الْعَتْرِ al-ʿatri | عَتْرِ ʿatri |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عتر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “عتر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1946
- Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 114 and 282