عام
Arabic
Etymology 1
Of the root ع و م (ʕ-w-m). Since this word competes with سَنَة (sana), عَام (ʕām) is suggested to be loaned from Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩣 (ʿm /*ʿām/, “year”). Compare Ge'ez ዓም (ʿam, “year”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaːm/
Noun
عَام • (ʕām) m (plural أَعْوَام (ʔaʕwām))
- year
- Synonyms: سَنَة (sana), حَوْل (ḥawl)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14-15:
- وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱلطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ ٱلسَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ
- wa-laqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi fa-labiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman fa-ʔaḵaḏahumu ṭ-ṭūfānu wahum ẓālimūna fa-ʔanjaynāhu wa-ʔaṣḥāba s-safīnati wa-jaʕalnāhā ʔāyatan li-l-ʕālamīna
- And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them nine hundred and fifty years, and the flood seized them while they were wrongdoers. But We saved him and the companions of the ship, and We made it a sign for the worlds.
- a period of twelve lunar months; lunar year
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَام ʕām | الْعَام al-ʕām | عَام ʕām |
Nominative | عَامٌ ʕāmun | الْعَامُ al-ʕāmu | عَامُ ʕāmu |
Accusative | عَامًا ʕāman | الْعَامَ al-ʕāma | عَامَ ʕāma |
Genitive | عَامٍ ʕāmin | الْعَامِ al-ʕāmi | عَامِ ʕāmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَامَيْن ʕāmayn | الْعَامَيْن al-ʕāmayn | عَامَيْ ʕāmay |
Nominative | عَامَانِ ʕāmāni | الْعَامَانِ al-ʕāmāni | عَامَا ʕāmā |
Accusative | عَامَيْنِ ʕāmayni | الْعَامَيْنِ al-ʕāmayni | عَامَيْ ʕāmay |
Genitive | عَامَيْنِ ʕāmayni | الْعَامَيْنِ al-ʕāmayni | عَامَيْ ʕāmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَعْوَام ʔaʕwām | الْأَعْوَام al-ʔaʕwām | أَعْوَام ʔaʕwām |
Nominative | أَعْوَامٌ ʔaʕwāmun | الْأَعْوَامُ al-ʔaʕwāmu | أَعْوَامُ ʔaʕwāmu |
Accusative | أَعْوَامًا ʔaʕwāman | الْأَعْوَامَ al-ʔaʕwāma | أَعْوَامَ ʔaʕwāma |
Genitive | أَعْوَامٍ ʔaʕwāmin | الْأَعْوَامِ al-ʔaʕwāmi | أَعْوَامِ ʔaʕwāmi |
Etymology 2
Derived from the active participle of عَمَّ (ʕamma, “to be general, to be common, to prevail”), from the root ع م م (ʕ-m-m). Contamination from Parthian 𐫍𐫀𐫖 (hʾm /hām-/, “same”) or its Middle Iranian analogues such as engendering Old Armenian համ- (ham-, “same, homo-; whole, pan-”) is considered.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaːmm/
Adjective
عَامّ • (ʕāmm) (feminine عَامَّة (ʕāmma), elative أَعَمّ (ʔaʕamm))
- public
- prevalent, universal
- general
- 2019 April 9, “نسبة التصويت 62%..العرب يسجلون نسبة منخفضة [Voter turnout is 62%... Arabs register a lower turnout.]”, in Maan News:
- بلغت نسبة التصويت العامة في إسرائيل حتى الساعة الثامنة 62% وهي اقل 2.6% عن عام 2015.
- Voter turnout for the general population of Israel as of 8:00 reached 62%, which is 2.6% less than in the year 2015.
-
- common, ordinary
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَامّ ʕāmm | الْعَامّ al-ʕāmm | عَامَّة ʕāmma | الْعَامَّة al-ʕāmma |
Nominative | عَامٌّ ʕāmmun | الْعَامُّ al-ʕāmmu | عَامَّةٌ ʕāmmatun | الْعَامَّةُ al-ʕāmmatu |
Accusative | عَامًّا ʕāmman | الْعَامَّ al-ʕāmma | عَامَّةً ʕāmmatan | الْعَامَّةَ al-ʕāmmata |
Genitive | عَامٍّ ʕāmmin | الْعَامِّ al-ʕāmmi | عَامَّةٍ ʕāmmatin | الْعَامَّةِ al-ʕāmmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | عَامَّيْن ʕāmmayn | الْعَامَّيْن al-ʕāmmayn | عَامَّتَيْن ʕāmmatayn | الْعَامَّتَيْن al-ʕāmmatayn |
Nominative | عَامَّانِ ʕāmmāni | الْعَامَّانِ al-ʕāmmāni | عَامَّتَانِ ʕāmmatāni | الْعَامَّتَانِ al-ʕāmmatāni |
Accusative | عَامَّيْنِ ʕāmmayni | الْعَامَّيْنِ al-ʕāmmayni | عَامَّتَيْنِ ʕāmmatayni | الْعَامَّتَيْنِ al-ʕāmmatayni |
Genitive | عَامَّيْنِ ʕāmmayni | الْعَامَّيْنِ al-ʕāmmayni | عَامَّتَيْنِ ʕāmmatayni | الْعَامَّتَيْنِ al-ʕāmmatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | ? ? | ? ? | عَامَّات ʕāmmāt | الْعَامَّات al-ʕāmmāt |
Nominative | ? ? | ? ? | عَامَّاتٌ ʕāmmātun | الْعَامَّاتُ al-ʕāmmātu |
Accusative | ? ? | ? ? | عَامَّاتٍ ʕāmmātin | الْعَامَّاتِ al-ʕāmmāti |
Genitive | ? ? | ? ? | عَامَّاتٍ ʕāmmātin | الْعَامَّاتِ al-ʕāmmāti |
Etymology 3
From the root ع و م (ʕ-w-m).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaː.ma/
Verb
عَامَ • (ʕāma) I, non-past يَعُومُ (yaʕūmu)
- to float
- Synonym: طَفَا (ṭafā)
- to swim
- Synonym: سَبَحَ (sabaḥa)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | عَوْم ʕawm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | عَائِم ʕāʔim | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عُمْتُ ʕumtu | عُمْتَ ʕumta | عَامَ ʕāma | عُمْتُمَا ʕumtumā | عَامَا ʕāmā | عُمْنَا ʕumnā | عُمْتُمْ ʕumtum | عَامُوا ʕāmū | |||
f | عُمْتِ ʕumti | عَامَتْ ʕāmat | عَامَتَا ʕāmatā | عُمْتُنَّ ʕumtunna | عُمْنَ ʕumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَعُومُ ʔaʕūmu | تَعُومُ taʕūmu | يَعُومُ yaʕūmu | تَعُومَانِ taʕūmāni | يَعُومَانِ yaʕūmāni | نَعُومُ naʕūmu | تَعُومُونَ taʕūmūna | يَعُومُونَ yaʕūmūna | |||
f | تَعُومِينَ taʕūmīna | تَعُومُ taʕūmu | تَعُومَانِ taʕūmāni | تَعُمْنَ taʕumna | يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَعُومَ ʔaʕūma | تَعُومَ taʕūma | يَعُومَ yaʕūma | تَعُومَا taʕūmā | يَعُومَا yaʕūmā | نَعُومَ naʕūma | تَعُومُوا taʕūmū | يَعُومُوا yaʕūmū | |||
f | تَعُومِي taʕūmī | تَعُومَ taʕūma | تَعُومَا taʕūmā | تَعُمْنَ taʕumna | يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَعُمْ ʔaʕum | تَعُمْ taʕum | يَعُمْ yaʕum | تَعُومَا taʕūmā | يَعُومَا yaʕūmā | نَعُمْ naʕum | تَعُومُوا taʕūmū | يَعُومُوا yaʕūmū | |||
f | تَعُومِي taʕūmī | تَعُمْ taʕum | تَعُومَا taʕūmā | تَعُمْنَ taʕumna | يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | عُمْ ʕum | عُومَا ʕūmā | عُومُوا ʕūmū | ||||||||
f | عُومِي ʕūmī | عُمْنَ ʕumna |
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “عوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2202b
- Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009), “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 174, claims contamination from a Parthian **hām (“winter; year”), a word he seemingly made up, since no descendant of Proto-Iranian *jimáh (“winter”) could come close.
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “عم, عوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 751, 771
- Weninger, Stefan (2009), “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”, in Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra. Analecta Semitica in memoriam Alexander Sima (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, →ISBN, page 399 Nr. 1
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology 1
Root |
---|
ع و م |
2 terms |
From Arabic عَام (ʕām).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaːm/
Noun
عام • (ʕām) m (dual عامين (ʕāmayn), plural أعوام (ʔaʕwām))
- year
- Synonym: سنة (sana)
Etymology 2
Root |
---|
ع و م |
2 terms |
From Arabic عَامَ (ʕāma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaːm/
Verb
عام • (ʕām) (form I, non-past يعوم (yʕūm))
- (intransitive) to swim
Conjugation
Conjugation of عام | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عمت (ʕumt) | عمتي (ʕumti) | عام (ʕām) | عمنا (ʕumna) | عمتوا (ʕumtu) | عاموا (ʕāmu) | |
f | عامت (ʕāmet) | |||||||
non-past | m | نعوم (nʕūm) | تعوم (tʕūm) | يعوم (yʕūm) | نعوموا (nʕūmu) | تعوموا (tʕūmu) | يعوموا (yʕūmu) | |
f | تعومي (tʕūmi) | تعوم (tʕūm) | ||||||
imperative | m | عوم (ʕūm) | عوموا (ʕūmu) | |||||
f | عومي (ʕūmi) |
Etymology 3
Root |
---|
ع م م |
1 term |
From Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaːmː/
Adjective
عام • (ʕāmm) (feminine عامة (ʕāmma), masculine plural عامين (ʕāmmīn), feminine plural عامات (ʕāmmāt), elative أعم (ʔaʕamm))
- public
- prevalent, universal
- general
- common, ordinary
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɑːm/
- Homophone: آم (ām)
Adjective
عام • (‘ām) (Hindi spelling आम)
- common
- ordinary
- general
- universal
Derived terms
- عام طور پر (ām taur par)
- عام طور سے (ām taur se)