ظل
See also: طل
Arabic
Root |
---|
ظ ل ل (ẓ-l-l) |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl) and Biblical Hebrew צל (ṣel).
Noun
ظِلّ • (ẓill) m (plural ظِلَال (ẓilāl) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl) or أَظْلَال (ʾaẓlāl))
- shadow, shade
- shady garden
- paradise
- protection, help, assistance
- dark cloud
- darkness
- night
- phantom, specter
- cover, lid, scabbard
- shape, figure, person
- the Sultan (as shadow of God on Earth)
- greatness, sublimity, distinction, eminence, rareness
- power, night
- colors of the day, shades of color, bloom of youth
- heat of summer
- fringe, hairy side of a cloth
- hue
- trace
- (mathematics, trigonometry) tangent (symbol: ظا, ظل)
Declension
Declension of noun ظِلّ (ẓill)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ظِلّ ẓill | الظِّلّ aẓ-ẓill | ظِلّ ẓill |
Nominative | ظِلٌّ ẓillun | الظِّلُّ aẓ-ẓillu | ظِلُّ ẓillu |
Accusative | ظِلًّا ẓillan | الظِّلَّ aẓ-ẓilla | ظِلَّ ẓilla |
Genitive | ظِلٍّ ẓillin | الظِّلِّ aẓ-ẓilli | ظِلِّ ẓilli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | ظِلَّيْن ẓillayn | الظِّلَّيْن aẓ-ẓillayn | ظِلَّيْ ẓillay |
Nominative | ظِلَّانِ ẓillāni | الظِّلَّانِ aẓ-ẓillāni | ظِلَّا ẓillā |
Accusative | ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni | الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni | ظِلَّيْ ẓillay |
Genitive | ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni | الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni | ظِلَّيْ ẓillay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ظِلَال; ظُلُول; أَظْلَال ẓilāl; ẓulūl; ʾaẓlāl | الظِّلَال; الظُّلُول; الْأَظْلَال aẓ-ẓilāl; aẓ-ẓulūl; al-ʾaẓlāl | ظِلَال; ظُلُول; أَظْلَال ẓilāl; ẓulūl; ʾaẓlāl |
Nominative | ظِلَالٌ; ظُلُولٌ; أَظْلَالٌ ẓilālun; ẓulūlun; ʾaẓlālun | الظِّلَالُ; الظُّلُولُ; الْأَظْلَالُ aẓ-ẓilālu; aẓ-ẓulūlu; al-ʾaẓlālu | ظِلَالُ; ظُلُولُ; أَظْلَالُ ẓilālu; ẓulūlu; ʾaẓlālu |
Accusative | ظِلَالًا; ظُلُولًا; أَظْلَالًا ẓilālan; ẓulūlan; ʾaẓlālan | الظِّلَالَ; الظُّلُولَ; الْأَظْلَالَ aẓ-ẓilāla; aẓ-ẓulūla; al-ʾaẓlāla | ظِلَالَ; ظُلُولَ; أَظْلَالَ ẓilāla; ẓulūla; ʾaẓlāla |
Genitive | ظِلَالٍ; ظُلُولٍ; أَظْلَالٍ ẓilālin; ẓulūlin; ʾaẓlālin | الظِّلَالِ; الظُّلُولِ; الْأَظْلَالِ aẓ-ẓilāli; aẓ-ẓulūli; al-ʾaẓlāli | ظِلَالِ; ظُلُولِ; أَظْلَالِ ẓilāli; ẓulūli; ʾaẓlāli |
See also
- جَيْب تَمَام (jayb tamām, “cosine”)
- جَيْب (jayb, “sine”)
- ظِلّ تَمَام (ẓill tamām, “cotangent”)
- قَاطِع (qāṭiʿ, “secant”)
- قَاطِع تَمَام (qāṭiʿ tamām, “cosecant”)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “ظل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “ظل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Verb
ظَلَّ • (ẓalla) I, non-past يَظَلُّ (yaẓallu)
- (copulative) to remain, to persist, to maintain
- ظَلَّ صَامِتًا
- ẓalla ṣāmitan
- He remained silent.
- ظَلَّ عَلَى مَوْقِفِهِ
- ẓalla ʿalā mawqifihi
- He maintained his point of view. [= stayed in the place he was standing]
- to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain [+participle or imperfect = doing]
- يَظَلُّ يَتْبَعُهَا
- yaẓallu yatbaʿuhā
- He keeps following her.
- ظَلُّوا جَالِسِينَ
- ẓallū jālisīna
- They remained sitting.
Conjugation
Conjugation of
ظَلَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns ظَلّ or ظُلُول)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | ظَلّ or ظُلُول ẓall or ẓulūl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | ظَالّ ẓāll | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَظْلُول maẓlūl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | ظَلِلْتُ ẓaliltu | ظَلِلْتَ ẓalilta | ظَلَّ ẓalla | ظَلِلْتُمَا ẓaliltumā | ظَلَّا ẓallā | ظَلِلْنَا ẓalilnā | ظَلِلْتُمْ ẓaliltum | ظَلُّوا ẓallū | |||
f | ظَلِلْتِ ẓalilti | ظَلَّتْ ẓallat | ظَلَّتَا ẓallatā | ظَلِلْتُنَّ ẓaliltunna | ظَلِلْنَ ẓalilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَظَلُّ ʾaẓallu | تَظَلُّ taẓallu | يَظَلُّ yaẓallu | تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni | يَظَلَّانِ yaẓallāni | نَظَلُّ naẓallu | تَظَلُّونَ taẓallūna | يَظَلُّونَ yaẓallūna | |||
f | تَظَلِّينَ taẓallīna | تَظَلُّ taẓallu | تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni | تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna | يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَظَلَّ ʾaẓalla | تَظَلَّ taẓalla | يَظَلَّ yaẓalla | تَظَلَّا taẓallā | يَظَلَّا yaẓallā | نَظَلَّ naẓalla | تَظَلُّوا taẓallū | يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū | |||
f | تَظَلِّي taẓallī | تَظَلَّ taẓalla | تَظَلَّا taẓallā | تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna | يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَظَلَّ or أَظَلِّ or أَظْلَلْ ʾaẓalla or ʾaẓalli or ʾaẓlal | تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal | يَظَلَّ or يَظَلِّ or يَظْلَلْ yaẓalla or yaẓalli or yaẓlal | تَظَلَّا taẓallā | يَظَلَّا yaẓallā | نَظَلَّ or نَظَلِّ or نَظْلَلْ naẓalla or naẓalli or naẓlal | تَظَلُّوا taẓallū | يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū | |||
f | تَظَلِّي taẓallī | تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal | تَظَلَّا taẓallā | تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna | يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | ظَلَّ or ظَلِّ or اِظْلَلْ ẓalla or ẓalli or iẓlal | ظَلَّا ẓallā | ظَلُّوا ẓallū | ||||||||
f | ظَلِّي ẓallī | اِظْلَلْنَ iẓlalna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | — | — | ظُلَّ ẓulla | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | — | — | يُظَلُّ yuẓallu | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | — | — | يُظَلَّ yuẓalla | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | — | — | يُظَلَّ or يُظَلِّ or يُظْلَلْ yuẓalla or yuẓalli or yuẓlal | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Synonyms
- مَا زَالَ (mā zāla, “to not stop (doing)”)
Noun
ظَلّ • (ẓall) m
- verbal noun of ظَلَّ (ẓalla) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun ظَلّ (ẓall)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ظَلّ ẓall | الظَّلّ aẓ-ẓall | ظَلّ ẓall |
Nominative | ظَلٌّ ẓallun | الظَّلُّ aẓ-ẓallu | ظَلُّ ẓallu |
Accusative | ظَلًّا ẓallan | الظَّلَّ aẓ-ẓalla | ظَلَّ ẓalla |
Genitive | ظَلٍّ ẓallin | الظَّلِّ aẓ-ẓalli | ظَلِّ ẓalli |
Gulf Arabic
Etymology 1
From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).
Pronunciation
- (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /ðˤɪlˤ/
Noun
ظل • (ḏ̣iḷ) m (plural ظلال (ḏ̣ḷāḷ))
- shadow
- shade
Etymology 2
From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).
Pronunciation
- (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /ðˤəlˤ/
- Homophone: ضل (ḏ̣aḷ)
Noun
ظل • (ḏ̣aḷ) (non-past يظل (yḏ̣iḷ))
- to stay, to remain
- Synonym: بقى (buga)
- Antonym: راح (rāḥ)