ظفر
Arabic
Root |
---|
ظ ف ر (ẓ-f-r) |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *θ̣upr-, *θ̣ipr- (“nail, claw”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌢 (ṣuprum) and Biblical Hebrew צִפֹּרֶן (ṣippórɛn).
Alternative forms
- أُظْفُور (ʾuẓfūr)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ðˤufr/
Audio (file)
- IPA(key): /ðˤu.fur/
Noun
ظُفْر or ظُفُر • (ẓufr or ẓufur) m (plural أَظْفَار (ʾaẓfār) or أَظَافِر (ʾaẓāfir) or أَظْفُر (ʾaẓfur) or أَظَافِير (ʾaẓāfīr))
- fingernail
- claw
- Coordinate term: حَافِر (ḥāfir, “hoof”)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ظُفْر; ظُفُر ẓufr; ẓufur | الظُّفْر; الظُّفُر aẓ-ẓufr; aẓ-ẓufur | ظُفْر; ظُفُر ẓufr; ẓufur |
Nominative | ظُفْرٌ; ظُفُرٌ ẓufrun; ẓufurun | الظُّفْرُ; الظُّفُرُ aẓ-ẓufru; aẓ-ẓufuru | ظُفْرُ; ظُفُرُ ẓufru; ẓufuru |
Accusative | ظُفْرًا; ظُفُرًا ẓufran; ẓufuran | الظُّفْرَ; الظُّفُرَ aẓ-ẓufra; aẓ-ẓufura | ظُفْرَ; ظُفُرَ ẓufra; ẓufura |
Genitive | ظُفْرٍ; ظُفُرٍ ẓufrin; ẓufurin | الظُّفْرِ; الظُّفُرِ aẓ-ẓufri; aẓ-ẓufuri | ظُفْرِ; ظُفُرِ ẓufri; ẓufuri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | ظُفْرَيْن; ظُفُرَيْن ẓufrayn; ẓufurayn | الظُّفْرَيْن; الظُّفُرَيْن aẓ-ẓufrayn; aẓ-ẓufurayn | ظُفْرَيْ; ظُفُرَيْ ẓufray; ẓufuray |
Nominative | ظُفْرَانِ; ظُفُرَانِ ẓufrāni; ẓufurāni | الظُّفْرَانِ; الظُّفُرَانِ aẓ-ẓufrāni; aẓ-ẓufurāni | ظُفْرَا; ظُفُرَا ẓufrā; ẓufurā |
Accusative | ظُفْرَيْنِ; ظُفُرَيْنِ ẓufrayni; ẓufurayni | الظُّفْرَيْنِ; الظُّفُرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓufrayni; aẓ-ẓufurayni | ظُفْرَيْ; ظُفُرَيْ ẓufray; ẓufuray |
Genitive | ظُفْرَيْنِ; ظُفُرَيْنِ ẓufrayni; ẓufurayni | الظُّفْرَيْنِ; الظُّفُرَيْنِ aẓ-ẓufrayni; aẓ-ẓufurayni | ظُفْرَيْ; ظُفُرَيْ ẓufray; ẓufuray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَظْفَار; أَظَافِر; أَظْفُر; أَظَافِير ʾaẓfār; ʾaẓāfir; ʾaẓfur; ʾaẓāfīr | الْأَظْفَار; الْأَظَافِر; الْأَظْفُر; الْأَظَافِير al-ʾaẓfār; al-ʾaẓāfir; al-ʾaẓfur; al-ʾaẓāfīr | أَظْفَار; أَظَافِر; أَظْفُر; أَظَافِير ʾaẓfār; ʾaẓāfir; ʾaẓfur; ʾaẓāfīr |
Nominative | أَظْفَارٌ; أَظَافِرُ; أَظْفُرٌ; أَظَافِيرُ ʾaẓfārun; ʾaẓāfiru; ʾaẓfurun; ʾaẓāfīru | الْأَظْفَارُ; الْأَظَافِرُ; الْأَظْفُرُ; الْأَظَافِيرُ al-ʾaẓfāru; al-ʾaẓāfiru; al-ʾaẓfuru; al-ʾaẓāfīru | أَظْفَارُ; أَظَافِرُ; أَظْفُرُ; أَظَافِيرُ ʾaẓfāru; ʾaẓāfiru; ʾaẓfuru; ʾaẓāfīru |
Accusative | أَظْفَارًا; أَظَافِرَ; أَظْفُرًا; أَظَافِيرَ ʾaẓfāran; ʾaẓāfira; ʾaẓfuran; ʾaẓāfīra | الْأَظْفَارَ; الْأَظَافِرَ; الْأَظْفُرَ; الْأَظَافِيرَ al-ʾaẓfāra; al-ʾaẓāfira; al-ʾaẓfura; al-ʾaẓāfīra | أَظْفَارَ; أَظَافِرَ; أَظْفُرَ; أَظَافِيرَ ʾaẓfāra; ʾaẓāfira; ʾaẓfura; ʾaẓāfīra |
Genitive | أَظْفَارٍ; أَظَافِرَ; أَظْفُرٍ; أَظَافِيرَ ʾaẓfārin; ʾaẓāfira; ʾaẓfurin; ʾaẓāfīra | الْأَظْفَارِ; الْأَظَافِرِ; الْأَظْفُرِ; الْأَظَافِيرِ al-ʾaẓfāri; al-ʾaẓāfiri; al-ʾaẓfuri; al-ʾaẓāfīri | أَظْفَارِ; أَظَافِرِ; أَظْفُرِ; أَظَافِيرِ ʾaẓfāri; ʾaẓāfiri; ʾaẓfuri; ʾaẓāfīri |
Etymology 2
From the root ظ ف ر (ẓ-f-r).
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /ðˤa.fi.ra/
Verb
ظَفِرَ • (ẓafira) I, non-past يَظْفَرُ (yaẓfaru) [+ بِ (object)] and [+ عَلَى (object)]
- to triumph over, to win, to superate
- to win, to gain, to receive
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | ظَفَر ẓafar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | ظَافِر ẓāfir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَظْفُور maẓfūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | ظَفِرْتُ ẓafirtu | ظَفِرْتَ ẓafirta | ظَفِرَ ẓafira | ظَفِرْتُمَا ẓafirtumā | ظَفِرَا ẓafirā | ظَفِرْنَا ẓafirnā | ظَفِرْتُمْ ẓafirtum | ظَفِرُوا ẓafirū | |||
f | ظَفِرْتِ ẓafirti | ظَفِرَتْ ẓafirat | ظَفِرَتَا ẓafiratā | ظَفِرْتُنَّ ẓafirtunna | ظَفِرْنَ ẓafirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَظْفَرُ ʾaẓfaru | تَظْفَرُ taẓfaru | يَظْفَرُ yaẓfaru | تَظْفَرَانِ taẓfarāni | يَظْفَرَانِ yaẓfarāni | نَظْفَرُ naẓfaru | تَظْفَرُونَ taẓfarūna | يَظْفَرُونَ yaẓfarūna | |||
f | تَظْفَرِينَ taẓfarīna | تَظْفَرُ taẓfaru | تَظْفَرَانِ taẓfarāni | تَظْفَرْنَ taẓfarna | يَظْفَرْنَ yaẓfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَظْفَرَ ʾaẓfara | تَظْفَرَ taẓfara | يَظْفَرَ yaẓfara | تَظْفَرَا taẓfarā | يَظْفَرَا yaẓfarā | نَظْفَرَ naẓfara | تَظْفَرُوا taẓfarū | يَظْفَرُوا yaẓfarū | |||
f | تَظْفَرِي taẓfarī | تَظْفَرَ taẓfara | تَظْفَرَا taẓfarā | تَظْفَرْنَ taẓfarna | يَظْفَرْنَ yaẓfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَظْفَرْ ʾaẓfar | تَظْفَرْ taẓfar | يَظْفَرْ yaẓfar | تَظْفَرَا taẓfarā | يَظْفَرَا yaẓfarā | نَظْفَرْ naẓfar | تَظْفَرُوا taẓfarū | يَظْفَرُوا yaẓfarū | |||
f | تَظْفَرِي taẓfarī | تَظْفَرْ taẓfar | تَظْفَرَا taẓfarā | تَظْفَرْنَ taẓfarna | يَظْفَرْنَ yaẓfarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِظْفَرْ iẓfar | اِظْفَرَا iẓfarā | اِظْفَرُوا iẓfarū | ||||||||
f | اِظْفَرِي iẓfarī | اِظْفَرْنَ iẓfarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | ظُفِرْتُ ẓufirtu | ظُفِرْتَ ẓufirta | ظُفِرَ ẓufira | ظُفِرْتُمَا ẓufirtumā | ظُفِرَا ẓufirā | ظُفِرْنَا ẓufirnā | ظُفِرْتُمْ ẓufirtum | ظُفِرُوا ẓufirū | |||
f | ظُفِرْتِ ẓufirti | ظُفِرَتْ ẓufirat | ظُفِرَتَا ẓufiratā | ظُفِرْتُنَّ ẓufirtunna | ظُفِرْنَ ẓufirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُظْفَرُ ʾuẓfaru | تُظْفَرُ tuẓfaru | يُظْفَرُ yuẓfaru | تُظْفَرَانِ tuẓfarāni | يُظْفَرَانِ yuẓfarāni | نُظْفَرُ nuẓfaru | تُظْفَرُونَ tuẓfarūna | يُظْفَرُونَ yuẓfarūna | |||
f | تُظْفَرِينَ tuẓfarīna | تُظْفَرُ tuẓfaru | تُظْفَرَانِ tuẓfarāni | تُظْفَرْنَ tuẓfarna | يُظْفَرْنَ yuẓfarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُظْفَرَ ʾuẓfara | تُظْفَرَ tuẓfara | يُظْفَرَ yuẓfara | تُظْفَرَا tuẓfarā | يُظْفَرَا yuẓfarā | نُظْفَرَ nuẓfara | تُظْفَرُوا tuẓfarū | يُظْفَرُوا yuẓfarū | |||
f | تُظْفَرِي tuẓfarī | تُظْفَرَ tuẓfara | تُظْفَرَا tuẓfarā | تُظْفَرْنَ tuẓfarna | يُظْفَرْنَ yuẓfarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُظْفَرْ ʾuẓfar | تُظْفَرْ tuẓfar | يُظْفَرْ yuẓfar | تُظْفَرَا tuẓfarā | يُظْفَرَا yuẓfarā | نُظْفَرْ nuẓfar | تُظْفَرُوا tuẓfarū | يُظْفَرُوا yuẓfarū | |||
f | تُظْفَرِي tuẓfarī | تُظْفَرْ tuẓfar | تُظْفَرَا tuẓfarā | تُظْفَرْنَ tuẓfarna | يُظْفَرْنَ yuẓfarna |
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /ðˤaf.fa.ra/
Verb
ظَفَّرَ • (ẓaffara) II, non-past يُظَفِّرُ (yuẓaffiru)
- to make victorious; to grant victory; to aid
- Synonym: نَصَرَ (naṣara)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَظْفِير taẓfīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُظَفِّر muẓaffir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُظَفَّر muẓaffar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | ظَفَّرْتُ ẓaffartu | ظَفَّرْتَ ẓaffarta | ظَفَّرَ ẓaffara | ظَفَّرْتُمَا ẓaffartumā | ظَفَّرَا ẓaffarā | ظَفَّرْنَا ẓaffarnā | ظَفَّرْتُمْ ẓaffartum | ظَفَّرُوا ẓaffarū | |||
f | ظَفَّرْتِ ẓaffarti | ظَفَّرَتْ ẓaffarat | ظَفَّرَتَا ẓaffaratā | ظَفَّرْتُنَّ ẓaffartunna | ظَفَّرْنَ ẓaffarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُظَفِّرُ ʾuẓaffiru | تُظَفِّرُ tuẓaffiru | يُظَفِّرُ yuẓaffiru | تُظَفِّرَانِ tuẓaffirāni | يُظَفِّرَانِ yuẓaffirāni | نُظَفِّرُ nuẓaffiru | تُظَفِّرُونَ tuẓaffirūna | يُظَفِّرُونَ yuẓaffirūna | |||
f | تُظَفِّرِينَ tuẓaffirīna | تُظَفِّرُ tuẓaffiru | تُظَفِّرَانِ tuẓaffirāni | تُظَفِّرْنَ tuẓaffirna | يُظَفِّرْنَ yuẓaffirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُظَفِّرَ ʾuẓaffira | تُظَفِّرَ tuẓaffira | يُظَفِّرَ yuẓaffira | تُظَفِّرَا tuẓaffirā | يُظَفِّرَا yuẓaffirā | نُظَفِّرَ nuẓaffira | تُظَفِّرُوا tuẓaffirū | يُظَفِّرُوا yuẓaffirū | |||
f | تُظَفِّرِي tuẓaffirī | تُظَفِّرَ tuẓaffira | تُظَفِّرَا tuẓaffirā | تُظَفِّرْنَ tuẓaffirna | يُظَفِّرْنَ yuẓaffirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُظَفِّرْ ʾuẓaffir | تُظَفِّرْ tuẓaffir | يُظَفِّرْ yuẓaffir | تُظَفِّرَا tuẓaffirā | يُظَفِّرَا yuẓaffirā | نُظَفِّرْ nuẓaffir | تُظَفِّرُوا tuẓaffirū | يُظَفِّرُوا yuẓaffirū | |||
f | تُظَفِّرِي tuẓaffirī | تُظَفِّرْ tuẓaffir | تُظَفِّرَا tuẓaffirā | تُظَفِّرْنَ tuẓaffirna | يُظَفِّرْنَ yuẓaffirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | ظَفِّرْ ẓaffir | ظَفِّرَا ẓaffirā | ظَفِّرُوا ẓaffirū | ||||||||
f | ظَفِّرِي ẓaffirī | ظَفِّرْنَ ẓaffirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | ظُفِّرْتُ ẓuffirtu | ظُفِّرْتَ ẓuffirta | ظُفِّرَ ẓuffira | ظُفِّرْتُمَا ẓuffirtumā | ظُفِّرَا ẓuffirā | ظُفِّرْنَا ẓuffirnā | ظُفِّرْتُمْ ẓuffirtum | ظُفِّرُوا ẓuffirū | |||
f | ظُفِّرْتِ ẓuffirti | ظُفِّرَتْ ẓuffirat | ظُفِّرَتَا ẓuffiratā | ظُفِّرْتُنَّ ẓuffirtunna | ظُفِّرْنَ ẓuffirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُظَفَّرُ ʾuẓaffaru | تُظَفَّرُ tuẓaffaru | يُظَفَّرُ yuẓaffaru | تُظَفَّرَانِ tuẓaffarāni | يُظَفَّرَانِ yuẓaffarāni | نُظَفَّرُ nuẓaffaru | تُظَفَّرُونَ tuẓaffarūna | يُظَفَّرُونَ yuẓaffarūna | |||
f | تُظَفَّرِينَ tuẓaffarīna | تُظَفَّرُ tuẓaffaru | تُظَفَّرَانِ tuẓaffarāni | تُظَفَّرْنَ tuẓaffarna | يُظَفَّرْنَ yuẓaffarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُظَفَّرَ ʾuẓaffara | تُظَفَّرَ tuẓaffara | يُظَفَّرَ yuẓaffara | تُظَفَّرَا tuẓaffarā | يُظَفَّرَا yuẓaffarā | نُظَفَّرَ nuẓaffara | تُظَفَّرُوا tuẓaffarū | يُظَفَّرُوا yuẓaffarū | |||
f | تُظَفَّرِي tuẓaffarī | تُظَفَّرَ tuẓaffara | تُظَفَّرَا tuẓaffarā | تُظَفَّرْنَ tuẓaffarna | يُظَفَّرْنَ yuẓaffarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُظَفَّرْ ʾuẓaffar | تُظَفَّرْ tuẓaffar | يُظَفَّرْ yuẓaffar | تُظَفَّرَا tuẓaffarā | يُظَفَّرَا yuẓaffarā | نُظَفَّرْ nuẓaffar | تُظَفَّرُوا tuẓaffarū | يُظَفَّرُوا yuẓaffarū | |||
f | تُظَفَّرِي tuẓaffarī | تُظَفَّرْ tuẓaffar | تُظَفَّرَا tuẓaffarā | تُظَفَّرْنَ tuẓaffarna | يُظَفَّرْنَ yuẓaffarna |
Pronunciation 3
- IPA(key): /ðˤa.far/
Noun
ظَفَر • (ẓafar) m
- verbal noun of ظَفِرَ (ẓafira) (form I)
- obtainment, success, victory
- level ground
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ظَفَر ẓafar | الظَّفَر aẓ-ẓafar | ظَفَر ẓafar |
Nominative | ظَفَرٌ ẓafarun | الظَّفَرُ aẓ-ẓafaru | ظَفَرُ ẓafaru |
Accusative | ظَفَرًا ẓafaran | الظَّفَرَ aẓ-ẓafara | ظَفَرَ ẓafara |
Genitive | ظَفَرٍ ẓafarin | الظَّفَرِ aẓ-ẓafari | ظَفَرِ ẓafari |
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: zəfər
- → Ottoman Turkish: ظفر (zafer)
- Turkish: zafer
- → Persian: ظفر (zafar)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज़फ़र (zafar)
- Urdu: ظفر (zafar)
- → Hindustani:
- → Uzbek: zafar
References
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “ظفر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 87–88
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “ظفر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1912
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “ظفر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 656
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ظفر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 800
Azerbaijani
Noun
ظفر (zəfər) (definite accusative ظفری, plural ظفرلر)
- Arabic spelling of zəfər (“triumph”)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ظفر | ظفرلر |
definite accusative | ظفری | ظفرلری |
dative | ظفره | ظفرلره |
locative | ظفرده | ظفرلرده |
ablative | ظفردن | ظفرلردن |
definite genitive | ظفرین | ظفرلرین |
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic ظُفْر (ẓufr).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dˤifir/, [dˤe̞fe̞r]
- IPA(key): /ðˤifir/ (alternative or rural pronunciation)
Noun
ظِفِر • (ḍifir) m (plural أظافر (ʾaḍāfir) or أظافير (ʾaḍāfīr))
- nail
- fingernail
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).
Noun
ظفر • (zafer)
- victory, triumph
Descendants
- Turkish: zafer
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /zafaɾ/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /zafaɾ/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /zæfæɾ/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /zafaɾ/
Noun
Dari | ظفر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | зафар (zafar) |
ظفر • (zafar)
- victory, triumph
Related terms
- مظفر (mozaffar)
Descendants
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज़फ़र (zafar)
- Urdu: ظفر (zafar)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian ظفر, from Arabic ظَفَر (ẓafar).
Noun
ظَفَر • (zafar) m (Hindi spelling ज़फ़र)
- victory, triumph
- profit, gain
- success