طرخون

Arabic

طَرْخُون

Etymology

From Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “edder-wort, Dracunculus vulgaris”, a plant with similar leaves, confused in pharmacopoeiae as both plants were not everywhere available), from δράκων (drákōn, “dragon, serpent”) relating to the shape of its leaves.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tˤar.xuːn/

Noun

طَرْخُون • (ṭarḵūn) m

tarragon, estragon (Artemisia dracunculus, growing plant and processed form)
- 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب‎ [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 182:
  ‏طرخون‏:‏ الماهية‏:‏ هو معروف قالوا‏:‏ أن عاقر قرحا هو أصل الطرخون الجبلي‏.‏
  الطبع‏:‏ الظاهر أنه حار يابس إلى الثانية وإن كانت فيه قوة مخدرة‏.‏
  وقال بعض من لا يعتمد عليهِ‏:‏ إنه حار يابس‏.‏
  الخواص‏:‏ هو يجفف الرطوبات منشف لها وفيه تبريد ما نافع‏.‏
  أعضاء النفس‏:‏ يحدث وجع الحلق‏.‏
  أعضاء الغذاء‏:‏ عسر الهضم‏.‏
  أعضاء النفض‏:‏ يقطع شهوة الباه‏.‏‎
  (please add an English translation of this quote)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 30, Art. 14, page 388:
  ‏الثمرا هي من أنواع الشبرم وفي كتاب ابن سينا الشبرم ينبت في البساتين له قصب دقيق مستو ذو زغب وورق كورق الطرخون فيما أفدر وله لين‎
  The ṯamrā is a type of spurge and in Avicenna’s book the spurge grows in gardens and has tender and even sticks of down and leaves like the leaves of tarragon but larger and it is supple.
Synonym: (transmitted by old lexicographers) رُعْلُول‎ (ruʿlūl)

Declension

Declension of noun طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَرْخُون ṭarḵūn	الطَّرْخُون‎ aṭ-ṭarḵūn	طَرْخُون ṭarḵūn
Nominative	طَرْخُونٌ ṭarḵūnun	الطَّرْخُونُ‎ aṭ-ṭarḵūnu	طَرْخُونُ ṭarḵūnu
Accusative	طَرْخُونًا‎ ṭarḵūnan	الطَّرْخُونَ‎ aṭ-ṭarḵūna	طَرْخُونَ ṭarḵūna
Genitive	طَرْخُونٍ ṭarḵūnin	الطَّرْخُونِ‎ aṭ-ṭarḵūni	طَرْخُونِ ṭarḵūni

Descendants

Andalusian Arabic: طرخون‎
→ Middle Armenian: թարխուն (tʿarxun), տարղօն (tarłōn), թարղօն (tʿarłōn), տարխոն (tarxon), տարղուն (tarłun), տարղոն (tarłon)
- Armenian: թարխուն (tʿarxun)
→ Azerbaijani: tərxun
→ Georgian: ტარხუნა (ṭarxuna)
→ Byzantine Greek: ταρχόν (tarkhón), τραχόν (trakhón)
- → Bulgarian: та́рос (táros), та́рхос (tárhos), та́рхус (tárhus), та́рус (tárus)
  - → Macedonian: тарос (taros)
- → Serbo-Croatian: (isolated)
  Cyrillic: тркос
  Latin: trkos
→ Medieval Latin: tarhon, tarchon, tarcon, altarcon, tragon, tragum, dragon, dragum
- → Danish: dragon, dragun
- → Middle French: targon, dragon, estargon, estragon
  - French: estargon, estragon (see there for further descendants)
  - → Middle Dutch: *dragon
    - Dutch: dragon
  - → English: tarragon
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: тарагон
      Latin: taragon
  - → German: Dragon, Dragun, Drachant, Drach, Trach
    - → Polish: draganek
- → Hungarian: tárkony
  - → Serbo-Croatian: (isolated)
    Cyrillic: таркањ
    Latin: tarkanj
- → Irish: dragan
- → Italian: targone, dragone
- → Manx: dragane
- → Swedish: dragon
  - → Finnish: rakuuna
→ Persian: ترخون‎ (tarxun)
→ Russian: тарху́н (tarxún)
- → Ukrainian: тарху́н (tarxún)
→ Ottoman Turkish: طرخون‎ (tarhun, tarhon)
- Turkish: tarhun
- → Aromanian: tãrhúne
- → Bulgarian: тарху́н (tarhún) (regional)
- → Macedonian: тархун (tarhun) (regional)
- → Romanian: tarhón
- → Serbo-Croatian: tarhun (isolated in Bosnia)

References

Freytag, Georg (1835), “طرخون”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 47
Langkavel, Bernhard (1866) Botanik der späteren Griechen vom dritten bis dreizehnten Jahrhunderte (in German), Berlin: F. Berggold, page 73

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَرْخُون‎ (ṭarḵūn), itself from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): [tɑrˈhun]
(vulgarly also) IPA^(key): [tɑrˈhon]

Noun

طرخون • (tarhun, tarhon)

tarragon, estragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
Synonyms: استراغون‎ (estragon), رعلول‎ (ruʿlul)
costmary, alecost (Tanacetum balsamita)

Derived terms

طرخونجی‎ (tarhuncu, “seller or eater of tarragon”)

Descendants

Turkish: tarhun
→ Aromanian: tãrhúne
→ Bulgarian: тарху́н (tarhún) (regional)
→ Macedonian: тархун (tarhun) (regional)
→ Romanian: tarhón
→ Serbo-Croatian: tarhun (isolated in Bosnia)

طرخون

Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Descendants

References

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading