ضد

ضد

See also: صد‎

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ض د د‎ (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד‎ (tsád).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /dˤidd/

Noun

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد‎ (ʾaḍdād))

1. opposite, contrast

   ‏اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ‎

   as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi

   The black is an opposite of the white.

2. alike, equal, match, counterpart

   ‏لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ‎

   laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi

   There is no equivalent to his diligence.

3. (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
4. antonym
5. adversary, opponent
6. antitoxin, antidote, anti-

Declension

Declension of noun ضِدّ (ḍidd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضِدّ ḍidd	الضِّدّ‎ aḍ-ḍidd	ضِدّ ḍidd
Nominative	ضِدٌّ ḍiddun	الضِّدُّ‎ aḍ-ḍiddu	ضِدُّ ḍiddu
Accusative	ضِدًّا‎ ḍiddan	الضِّدَّ‎ aḍ-ḍidda	ضِدَّ ḍidda
Genitive	ضِدٍّ ḍiddin	الضِّدِّ‎ aḍ-ḍiddi	ضِدِّ ḍiddi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضِدَّيْن‎ ḍiddayn	الضِّدَّيْن‎ aḍ-ḍiddayn	ضِدَّيْ‎ ḍidday
Nominative	ضِدَّانِ‎ ḍiddāni	الضِّدَّانِ‎ aḍ-ḍiddāni	ضِدَّا‎ ḍiddā
Accusative	ضِدَّيْنِ‎ ḍiddayni	الضِّدَّيْنِ‎ aḍ-ḍiddayni	ضِدَّيْ‎ ḍidday
Genitive	ضِدَّيْنِ‎ ḍiddayni	الضِّدَّيْنِ‎ aḍ-ḍiddayni	ضِدَّيْ‎ ḍidday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَضْدَاد‎ ʾaḍdād	الْأَضْدَاد‎ al-ʾaḍdād	أَضْدَاد‎ ʾaḍdād
Nominative	أَضْدَادٌ‎ ʾaḍdādun	الْأَضْدَادُ‎ al-ʾaḍdādu	أَضْدَادُ‎ ʾaḍdādu
Accusative	أَضْدَادًا‎ ʾaḍdādan	الْأَضْدَادَ‎ al-ʾaḍdāda	أَضْدَادَ‎ ʾaḍdāda
Genitive	أَضْدَادٍ‎ ʾaḍdādin	الْأَضْدَادِ‎ al-ʾaḍdādi	أَضْدَادِ‎ ʾaḍdādi

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /dˤid.da/

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)

1. against

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					ضِدَّ (ḍidda)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	ضِدِّي‎ (ḍiddī)			ضِدَّنَا‎ (ḍiddanā)
Second person	ضِدَّكَ‎ (ḍiddaka)	ضِدَّكِ‎ (ḍiddaki)	ضِدَّكُمَا‎ (ḍiddakumā)	ضِدَّكُمْ‎ (ḍiddakum)	ضِدَّكُنَّ‎ (ḍiddakunna)
Third person	ضِدَّهُ‎ (ḍiddahu)	ضِدَّهَا‎ (ḍiddahā)	ضِدَّهُمَا‎ (ḍiddahumā)	ضِدَّهُمْ‎ (ḍiddahum)	ضِدَّهُنَّ‎ (ḍiddahunna)

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Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤadd/

Etymology 1

From Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Noun

ضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود‎ (ḍdūd) or ضدودة‎ (ḍdūda))

1. opposite, contrast
2. antonym

Etymology 2

From Arabic ضِدَّ‎ (ḍidda).

Preposition

ضد • (ḍadd)

1. against

Inflection

Inflected forms of ضد
Base form					ضد (ḍadd)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		ضدي‎ (ḍaddi)		ضدنا‎ (ḍaddna)
2nd person		ضدك‎ (ḍaddak)	ضدكي‎ (ḍaddki)	ضدكم‎ (ḍaddkum)
3rd person		ضده‎ (ḍaddu)	ضدها‎ (ḍaddha)	ضدهم‎ (ḍaddhum)

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Persian

Etymology 1

From Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /zid/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /zɪd/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /zed/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /zid/

Adjective

Dari	ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зид, зидд (zid, zidd)

ضد • (zedd)

1. opposite
2. contrary
3. adversarial

Noun

Dari	ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зид, зидд (zid, zidd)

ضد • (zedd)

1. opposition
2. adversary

Etymology 2

From ضد‎ (zedd) + ezafe.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /ˈziddi/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /ˈzɪddɪ/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /ˈzedde/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /ˈziddi/

Preposition

Dari	ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зидди (ziddi)

ضد • (zedd-e)

1. against

Prefix

Dari	ضدـ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зидди- (ziddi-)

ضدـ • (zedd-e-)

1. anti-, counter-

   ‎ضدـ + ‎آب‎ (âb) → ‎ضدآب‎ (zedd-e-âb, “waterproof”)

   ‎ضدـ + ‎انقلاب‎ (enqelâb) → ‎ضدانقلاب‎ (zedd-e-enqelâb, “counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutionary”)

   ‎ضدـ + ‎تانک‎ (tânk) → ‎ضدتانک‎ (zedd-e-tânk, “anti-tank, antitank”)

   ‎ضدـ + ‎تروریسم‎ (terorism) → ‎ضدتروریسم‎ (zedd-e-terorism, “anti-terrorism, antiterrorism”)

   ‎ضدـ + ‎یخ‎ (yax) → ‎ضدیخ‎ (zedd-e-yax, “anti-freeze, antifreeze”)

Derived terms

Persian terms prefixed with ضد

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
ض د د‎

Etymology

From Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dˤidd/, [dˤɪdˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Preposition

ضدّ • (ḍidd)

1. against

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ‎ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ‎ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ‎ (ẓidd).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /zɪd̪/
• Rhymes: -ɪd̪

Noun

ضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)

1. stubbornness

Declension

Declension of ضد
	singular	plural
direct	ضِدّ‎ (zidd)	ضِدّیں‎ (ziddẽ)
oblique	ضِدّ‎ (zidd)	ضِدّوں‎ (ziddõ)
vocative	ضِدّ‎ (zidd)	ضِدّو‎ (ziddo)

Derived terms

• ضدی‎ (ziddī, “stubborn”)

References

• “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “ضد”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.