صوم
Arabic
Etymology
Compare with Hebrew צוֹם (ṣōm), Ge'ez ጾም (ṣom, “fast”), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎎 (ẓm, “fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is borrowed from the Aramaic צומא / ܨܰܘܡܳܐ (ṣōmā, ṣawmā, “fast”), referring to the verb’s meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˤawm/
Noun
صَوْم • (ṣawm) m
- verbal noun of صَامَ (ṣāma) (form I)
- fast, sawm (period of abstainment, usually from food and drink)
Declension
Declension of noun صَوْم (ṣawm)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | صَوْم ṣawm | الصَّوْم aṣ-ṣawm | صَوْم ṣawm |
| Nominative | صَوْمٌ ṣawmun | الصَّوْمُ aṣ-ṣawmu | صَوْمُ ṣawmu |
| Accusative | صَوْمًا ṣawman | الصَّوْمَ aṣ-ṣawma | صَوْمَ ṣawma |
| Genitive | صَوْمٍ ṣawmin | الصَّوْمِ aṣ-ṣawmi | صَوْمِ ṣawmi |
Synonyms
- صِيَام (ṣiyām)
Related terms
- صَلَاة (ṣalāh, “prayer, salat”)
- زَكَاة (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat”)
- دُعَاء (duʿāʾ, “supplication, du'a'”)
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “صوم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “صوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ص و م |
Etymology
From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm). Equivalent to the verbal noun of صام (ṣām, “to fast”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˤoːm/, [sˤoːm]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
صوم • (ṣōm) m
- fast (abstainment, usually from food and drink)
- Synonym: صيام (ṣyām)