صناب
Arabic
Etymology
Uncertain, potentially from Akkadian 𒌑 𒀀𒀀𒌒 𒊓𒈾𒁍 (/ār sanapu/, “mustard”) (maybe then doublet of سِنْف (sinf, “pod, husk”)) or directly from Demotic snwpt, or from Ancient Greek σίνᾱπι (sínāpi), or even Latin sināpi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˤi.naːb/
Noun
صِنَاب • (ṣināb) m (plural صُنُب (ṣunub) or أَصْنِبَة (ʾaṣniba))
- mustard
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:
- وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.
- wa-ʾammā l-muṣannabu fayuʾḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʾi l-ʿaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʿmadu ʾilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʾ min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʾaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʿalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʿalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʾaʿlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʿaqida.
- In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 418:
- قال يؤخد قدر رطل من صناب طيب لعشرين ربعا من عصير العنب الحلو ويسحق الصناب وينخل ويعجن بالعسل الطيب بقدرما يمتزج به […]
- One takes a rottol of good mustard for twenty fourths of grape must and crushes the mustard and sieves and kneads it with good honey in such a quantity that they conjoin […]
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Declension
Declension of noun صِنَاب (ṣināb)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | صِنَاب ṣināb | الصِّنَاب aṣ-ṣināb | صِنَاب ṣināb |
| Nominative | صِنَابٌ ṣinābun | الصِّنَابُ aṣ-ṣinābu | صِنَابُ ṣinābu |
| Accusative | صِنَابًا ṣināban | الصِّنَابَ aṣ-ṣināba | صِنَابَ ṣināba |
| Genitive | صِنَابٍ ṣinābin | الصِّنَابِ aṣ-ṣinābi | صِنَابِ ṣinābi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | صِنَابَيْن ṣinābayn | الصِّنَابَيْن aṣ-ṣinābayn | صِنَابَيْ ṣinābay |
| Nominative | صِنَابَانِ ṣinābāni | الصِّنَابَانِ aṣ-ṣinābāni | صِنَابَا ṣinābā |
| Accusative | صِنَابَيْنِ ṣinābayni | الصِّنَابَيْنِ aṣ-ṣinābayni | صِنَابَيْ ṣinābay |
| Genitive | صِنَابَيْنِ ṣinābayni | الصِّنَابَيْنِ aṣ-ṣinābayni | صِنَابَيْ ṣinābay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | صُنُب; أَصْنِبَة ṣunub; ʾaṣniba | الصُّنُب; الْأَصْنِبَة aṣ-ṣunub; al-ʾaṣniba | صُنُب; أَصْنِبَة ṣunub; ʾaṣnibat |
| Nominative | صُنُبٌ; أَصْنِبَةٌ ṣunubun; ʾaṣnibatun | الصُّنُبُ; الْأَصْنِبَةُ aṣ-ṣunubu; al-ʾaṣnibatu | صُنُبُ; أَصْنِبَةُ ṣunubu; ʾaṣnibatu |
| Accusative | صُنُبًا; أَصْنِبَةً ṣunuban; ʾaṣnibatan | الصُّنُبَ; الْأَصْنِبَةَ aṣ-ṣunuba; al-ʾaṣnibata | صُنُبَ; أَصْنِبَةَ ṣunuba; ʾaṣnibata |
| Genitive | صُنُبٍ; أَصْنِبَةٍ ṣunubin; ʾaṣnibatin | الصُّنُبِ; الْأَصْنِبَةِ aṣ-ṣunubi; al-ʾaṣnibati | صُنُبِ; أَصْنِبَةِ ṣunubi; ʾaṣnibati |
Derived terms
- صِنَابِيّ (ṣinābiyy, “of a colour between yellowness and redness; bay”, of a horse)
- مِصْنَب (miṣnab, “fond of eating صِنَاب (ṣināb)”)
- مُصَنَّب (muṣannab, “a mustard preparation”)
Descendants
- → Aragonese: senabe
- → Catalan: senabre
- → Spanish: jenabe, ajenabe, ajenabo, jenabo, jenable
References
- Corriente, Federico (2008), “صناب”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “صناب”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 845
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 36
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “صناب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 523
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “صناب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1730
- Levey, Martin (1973) Early Arabic Pharmacology. An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources, Leiden: Brill, pages 60–61