صلاة

Arabic

Alternative forms

صَلَوٰة‎ (ṣalāh) – classical spelling

Etymology

Normalized spelling of earlier صَلَوٰة‎ (ṣalāh), from Classical Syriac ܨܠܘܬ‎ (ṣəlōṯ), whence the denominal root ص ل و‎ (ṣ-l-w). Compare Ugaritic 𐎕𐎍𐎚 (ṣlt).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤa.laːh/
- (Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /sˤə.ɫaːt/

Noun

صَلَاة • (ṣalāh) f (plural صَلَوَات‎ (ṣalawāt))

verbal noun of صَلَّى‎ (ṣallā) (form II)
prayer in general; spontaneous prayer
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:110:
  ‏قُلِ ٱدْعُوا ٱللَّهَ أَوِ ٱدْعُوا ٱلرَّحْمَٰنَ أَيًّا مَا تَدْعُوا فَلَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَاءُ ٱلْحُسْنَى وَلَا تَجْهَرْ بِصَلَاتِكَ وَلَا تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَٱبْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَٰلِكَ سَبِيلًا‎
  quli dʿū l-laha ʾawi dʿū r-raḥmāna ʾayyan mā tadʿū fa-lahu l-ʾasmāʾu l-ḥusnā wa-lā tajhar bi-ṣalātika wa-lā tuḵāfit bihā wa-btaḡi bayna ḏālika sabīlan
  Say (to them, O Mohammed): Call upon (Him by) "God" or call upon (Him by) "ar-Raḥmân" ("The Merciful One"); whichever you call upon (Him by), (remember that) the most beautiful of names belong to Him; and be not very loud in your prayers nor be very quiet but follow a way in between.
place of worship, especially of the Jews, hence a synagogue
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 22:40:
  ‏وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ ٱللهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَّصَلَوَاتٌ وَّمَسٰجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا ٱسْمُ ٱللهِ كَثِيرًا‎
  walawlā dafʿu llāhi n-nāsa baʿḍahum bibaʿḍin llahuddimat ṣawāmiʿu wabiyaʿun wwaṣalawātun wwamasājidu yuḏkaru fīhā smu llāhi kaṯīran
  And were it not that God checks some people by others there in fact would have been demolished churches and monasteries, and synagogues and mosques wherein the name of God is oft-mentioned.
(Islam) salat, namaz, prayer
supplication, especially of blessing and salutation on somebody
1. blessing and salutation
  - 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:157:
    ‏أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَلَوَاتٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ‎
    ʾūlāʾika ʿalayhim ṣalawātun min rabbihim waraḥmatun
    Those are the ones upon whom are blessings and salutations as well as mercy from their Lord.

Declension

Declension of noun صَلَاة (ṣalāh)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَاة (-āh)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَلَاة ṣalāt	الصَّلَاة‎ aṣ-ṣalāt	صَلَاة ṣalāt
Nominative	صَلَاةٌ ṣalātun	الصَّلَاةُ‎ aṣ-ṣalātu	صَلَاةُ ṣalātu
Accusative	صَلَاةً ṣalātan	الصَّلَاةَ‎ aṣ-ṣalāta	صَلَاةَ ṣalāta
Genitive	صَلَاةٍ ṣalātin	الصَّلَاةِ‎ aṣ-ṣalāti	صَلَاةِ ṣalāti
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَلَاتَيْن‎ ṣalātayn	الصَّلَاتَيْن‎ aṣ-ṣalātayn	صَلَاتَيْ‎ ṣalātay
Nominative	صَلَاتَانِ‎ ṣalātāni	الصَّلَاتَانِ‎ aṣ-ṣalātāni	صَلَاتَا‎ ṣalātā
Accusative	صَلَاتَيْنِ‎ ṣalātayni	الصَّلَاتَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣalātayni	صَلَاتَيْ‎ ṣalātay
Genitive	صَلَاتَيْنِ‎ ṣalātayni	الصَّلَاتَيْنِ‎ aṣ-ṣalātayni	صَلَاتَيْ‎ ṣalātay
Plural	sound feminine plural
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَلَوَات‎ ṣalawāt	الصَّلَوَات‎ aṣ-ṣalawāt	صَلَوَات‎ ṣalawāt
Nominative	صَلَوَاتٌ‎ ṣalawātun	الصَّلَوَاتُ‎ aṣ-ṣalawātu	صَلَوَاتُ‎ ṣalawātu
Accusative	صَلَوَاتٍ‎ ṣalawātin	الصَّلَوَاتِ‎ aṣ-ṣalawāti	صَلَوَاتِ‎ ṣalawāti
Genitive	صَلَوَاتٍ‎ ṣalawātin	الصَّلَوَاتِ‎ aṣ-ṣalawāti	صَلَوَاتِ‎ ṣalawāti

Derived terms

عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (ʿalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)
صَلَاة السَّاعَات الْكَبِيرَة‎ (ṣalā(t) as-sāʿāt al-kabīra)

Related terms

دُعَاء‎ (duʿāʾ, “supplication, du'a'”)
زَكَاة‎ (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat”)
صَوْم‎ (ṣawm, “fast, sawm”)

Descendants

→ Afar: salat
→ Armenian: սալավաթ (salavatʿ)
→ Azerbaijani: salavat
→ Bashkir: салауат (salawat), Салауат (Salawat) (proper name)
→ English: salat
→ Georgian: სალავათი (salavati)
→ Persian: صلات‎ (ṣalât)
→ Indonesian: salat, shalat, solat, sholat
→ Malay: solat
→ Ottoman Turkish: صلوات‎ (salavat)
- Turkish: salavat
→ Tatar: салават (salawat)
→ Russian: саля́т (salját)
→ Spanish: azalá
→ Swahili: swala

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic صَلَاة‎ (ṣalāh).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤa.laː/, [sˤɑˈlɑː]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Noun

صلاة • (ṣalā) f (plural صلوات‎ (ṣalawāt))

prayer