صافن
Arabic
Etymology 1
From صَفَنَ (ṣafana, “to stand on three legs, the foreleg up”).
Adjective
صَافِن • (ṣāfin)
- standing upon three legs, with just the tip of the foreleg on the bottom or the shank of one foreleg tied up
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 38:30-31:
- نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِنَاتُ الْجِيَادُ
- niʿma l-ʿabdu ʾinna-hū ʾawwābun ʾiḏ ʿuriḍa ʿalay-hi bi-l-ʿašiyyi ṣ-ṣāfinātu l-jiyādu
- An excellent servant, he eschewed it with resolution when before him in the evening choice racehorses were presented.
-
Declension
Declension of adjective صَافِن (ṣāfin)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | صَافِن ṣāfin | الصَّافِن aṣ-ṣāfin | صَافِنَة ṣāfina | الصَّافِنَة aṣ-ṣāfina |
| Nominative | صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun | الصَّافِنُ aṣ-ṣāfinu | صَافِنَةٌ ṣāfinatun | الصَّافِنَةُ aṣ-ṣāfinatu |
| Accusative | صَافِنًا ṣāfinan | الصَّافِنَ aṣ-ṣāfina | صَافِنَةً ṣāfinatan | الصَّافِنَةَ aṣ-ṣāfinata |
| Genitive | صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin | الصَّافِنِ aṣ-ṣāfini | صَافِنَةٍ ṣāfinatin | الصَّافِنَةِ aṣ-ṣāfinati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | صَافِنَيْن ṣāfinayn | الصَّافِنَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinayn | صَافِنَتَيْن ṣāfinatayn | الصَّافِنَتَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinatayn |
| Nominative | صَافِنَانِ ṣāfināni | الصَّافِنَانِ aṣ-ṣāfināni | صَافِنَتَانِ ṣāfinatāni | الصَّافِنَتَانِ aṣ-ṣāfinatāni |
| Accusative | صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni | الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni | صَافِنَتَيْنِ ṣāfinatayni | الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni |
| Genitive | صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni | الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni | صَافِنَتَيْنِ ṣāfinatayni | الصَّافِنَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinatayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| basic broken plural triptote; basic broken plural diptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | صُفُون; صَوَافِن ṣufūn; ṣawāfin | الصُّفُون; الصَّوَافِن aṣ-ṣufūn; aṣ-ṣawāfin | صَوَافِن; صَافِنَات ṣawāfin; ṣāfināt | الصَّوَافِن; الصَّافِنَات aṣ-ṣawāfin; aṣ-ṣāfināt |
| Nominative | صُفُونٌ; صَوَافِنُ ṣufūnun; ṣawāfinu | الصُّفُونُ; الصَّوَافِنُ aṣ-ṣufūnu; aṣ-ṣawāfinu | صَوَافِنُ; صَافِنَاتٌ ṣawāfinu; ṣāfinātun | الصَّوَافِنُ; الصَّافِنَاتُ aṣ-ṣawāfinu; aṣ-ṣāfinātu |
| Accusative | صُفُونًا; صَوَافِنَ ṣufūnan; ṣawāfina | الصُّفُونَ; الصَّوَافِنَ aṣ-ṣufūna; aṣ-ṣawāfina | صَوَافِنَ; صَافِنَاتٍ ṣawāfina; ṣāfinātin | الصَّوَافِنَ; الصَّافِنَاتِ aṣ-ṣawāfina; aṣ-ṣāfināti |
| Genitive | صُفُونٍ; صَوَافِنَ ṣufūnin; ṣawāfina | الصُّفُونِ; الصَّوَافِنِ aṣ-ṣufūni; aṣ-ṣawāfini | صَوَافِنَ; صَافِنَاتٍ ṣawāfina; ṣāfinātin | الصَّوَافِنِ; الصَّافِنَاتِ aṣ-ṣawāfini; aṣ-ṣāfināti |
Etymology 2
From Hebrew צֹפֵן (ṣōfēn, “hiding”). Doublet of ضَامِن (ḍāmin).
Noun
صَافِن • (ṣāfin) m (plural صَوَافِن (ṣawāfin))
- saphenous vein
Declension
Declension of noun صَافِن (ṣāfin)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | صَافِن ṣāfin | الصَّافِن aṣ-ṣāfin | صَافِن ṣāfin |
| Nominative | صَافِنٌ ṣāfinun | الصَّافِنُ aṣ-ṣāfinu | صَافِنُ ṣāfinu |
| Accusative | صَافِنًا ṣāfinan | الصَّافِنَ aṣ-ṣāfina | صَافِنَ ṣāfina |
| Genitive | صَافِنٍ ṣāfinin | الصَّافِنِ aṣ-ṣāfini | صَافِنِ ṣāfini |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | صَافِنَيْن ṣāfinayn | الصَّافِنَيْن aṣ-ṣāfinayn | صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay |
| Nominative | صَافِنَانِ ṣāfināni | الصَّافِنَانِ aṣ-ṣāfināni | صَافِنَا ṣāfinā |
| Accusative | صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni | الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni | صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay |
| Genitive | صَافِنَيْنِ ṣāfinayni | الصَّافِنَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāfinayni | صَافِنَيْ ṣāfinay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | صَوَافِن ṣawāfin | الصَّوَافِن aṣ-ṣawāfin | صَوَافِن ṣawāfin |
| Nominative | صَوَافِنُ ṣawāfinu | الصَّوَافِنُ aṣ-ṣawāfinu | صَوَافِنُ ṣawāfinu |
| Accusative | صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina | الصَّوَافِنَ aṣ-ṣawāfina | صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina |
| Genitive | صَوَافِنَ ṣawāfina | الصَّوَافِنِ aṣ-ṣawāfini | صَوَافِنِ ṣawāfini |
Descendants
- → Medieval Latin: saphena
- → English: saphena
- → French: saphène
- → German: Saphena
- → Italian: safena
- → Portuguese: safena
- → Russian: сафе́на (saféna)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: сафена
- Latin: safena
- → Spanish: saphena
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “صافن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 506
- Hyrtl, Joseph (1879) Das Arabische und Hebräische in der Anatomie (in German), Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, pages 212–215
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “صافن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1350
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “صافن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1703a