شهيد
See also: شهید and شہید
Arabic
Etymology
From the form I verb شَهِدَ (šahida, “to witness, to bear witness”), from the root ش ه د (š-h-d). Semantic evolution from "witness" to "martyr" is probably calqued from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus).
Cognate with Hebrew שָׂהֵד (sahéd).
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -iːd
Noun
شَهِيد • (šahīd) m (plural شُهَدَاء (šuhadāʾ), feminine شَهِيدَة (šahīda))
- witness
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:13:
- لَّوۡلَا جَاۤءُو عَلَیۡهِ بِأَرۡبَعَةِ شُهَدَاۤءَ ۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ یَأۡتُوا۟ بِٱلشُّهَدَاۤءِ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ
- lawlā jāʾū ʿalay-hi bi-ʾarbaʿati šuhadāʾa fa-ʾiḏ lam yaʾtū bi-š-šuhadāʾi fa-ʾūlāʾika ʿinda llāhi humu l-kāḏibūna
- Sahih International: And why did the accusers not bring four witnesses to it? If they cannot produce such witnesses, they are the liars in God’s eyes.
- Synonym: شَاهِد (šāhid)
-
- martyr
- anyone killed in action
Declension
Declension of noun شَهِيد (šahīd)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَهِيد šahīd | الشَّهِيد aš-šahīd | شَهِيد šahīd | شَهِيدَة šahīda | الشَّهِيدَة aš-šahīda | شَهِيدَة šahīdat |
| Nominative | شَهِيدٌ šahīdun | الشَّهِيدُ aš-šahīdu | شَهِيدُ šahīdu | شَهِيدَةٌ šahīdatun | الشَّهِيدَةُ aš-šahīdatu | شَهِيدَةُ šahīdatu |
| Accusative | شَهِيدًا šahīdan | الشَّهِيدَ aš-šahīda | شَهِيدَ šahīda | شَهِيدَةً šahīdatan | الشَّهِيدَةَ aš-šahīdata | شَهِيدَةَ šahīdata |
| Genitive | شَهِيدٍ šahīdin | الشَّهِيدِ aš-šahīdi | شَهِيدِ šahīdi | شَهِيدَةٍ šahīdatin | الشَّهِيدَةِ aš-šahīdati | شَهِيدَةِ šahīdati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَهِيدَيْن šahīdayn | الشَّهِيدَيْن aš-šahīdayn | شَهِيدَيْ šahīday | شَهِيدَتَيْن šahīdatayn | الشَّهِيدَتَيْن aš-šahīdatayn | شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay |
| Nominative | شَهِيدَانِ šahīdāni | الشَّهِيدَانِ aš-šahīdāni | شَهِيدَا šahīdā | شَهِيدَتَانِ šahīdatāni | الشَّهِيدَتَانِ aš-šahīdatāni | شَهِيدَتَا šahīdatā |
| Accusative | شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni | الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni | شَهِيدَيْ šahīday | شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni | الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni | شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay |
| Genitive | شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni | الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni | شَهِيدَيْ šahīday | شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni | الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni | شَهِيدَتَيْ šahīdatay |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
| basic broken plural diptote | sound feminine plural | |||||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شُهَدَاء šuhadāʾ | الشُّهَدَاء aš-šuhadāʾ | شُهَدَاء šuhadāʾ | شَهِيدَات šahīdāt | الشَّهِيدَات aš-šahīdāt | شَهِيدَات šahīdāt |
| Nominative | شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʾu | الشُّهَدَاءُ aš-šuhadāʾu | شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʾu | شَهِيدَاتٌ šahīdātun | الشَّهِيدَاتُ aš-šahīdātu | شَهِيدَاتُ šahīdātu |
| Accusative | شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʾa | الشُّهَدَاءَ aš-šuhadāʾa | شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʾa | شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin | الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti | شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti |
| Genitive | شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʾa | الشُّهَدَاءِ aš-šuhadāʾi | شُهَدَاءِ šuhadāʾi | شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin | الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti | شَهِيدَاتِ šahīdāti |
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: şəhid
- → English: shaheed
- → Indonesian: syahid
- → Kazakh: шаһид (şahid), шейіт (şeiıt)
- → Northern Kurdish: şehîd
- → Russian: шахид (šaxid)
- → Swahili: shahidi
- → Turkish: şehit
Adjective
شَهِيد • (šahīd) (feminine شَهِيدَة (šahīda), masculine plural شُهَدَاء (šuhadāʾ), feminine plural شَهِيدَات (šahīdāt))
- witnessing [+ عَلَى (object)]
Declension
Declension of adjective شَهِيد (šahīd)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | شَهِيد šahīd | الشَّهِيد aš-šahīd | شَهِيدَة šahīda | الشَّهِيدَة aš-šahīda |
| Nominative | شَهِيدٌ šahīdun | الشَّهِيدُ aš-šahīdu | شَهِيدَةٌ šahīdatun | الشَّهِيدَةُ aš-šahīdatu |
| Accusative | شَهِيدًا šahīdan | الشَّهِيدَ aš-šahīda | شَهِيدَةً šahīdatan | الشَّهِيدَةَ aš-šahīdata |
| Genitive | شَهِيدٍ šahīdin | الشَّهِيدِ aš-šahīdi | شَهِيدَةٍ šahīdatin | الشَّهِيدَةِ aš-šahīdati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | شَهِيدَيْن šahīdayn | الشَّهِيدَيْن aš-šahīdayn | شَهِيدَتَيْن šahīdatayn | الشَّهِيدَتَيْن aš-šahīdatayn |
| Nominative | شَهِيدَانِ šahīdāni | الشَّهِيدَانِ aš-šahīdāni | شَهِيدَتَانِ šahīdatāni | الشَّهِيدَتَانِ aš-šahīdatāni |
| Accusative | شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni | الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni | شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni | الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni |
| Genitive | شَهِيدَيْنِ šahīdayni | الشَّهِيدَيْنِ aš-šahīdayni | شَهِيدَتَيْنِ šahīdatayni | الشَّهِيدَتَيْنِ aš-šahīdatayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| basic broken plural diptote | sound feminine plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | شُهَدَاء šuhadāʾ | الشُّهَدَاء aš-šuhadāʾ | شَهِيدَات šahīdāt | الشَّهِيدَات aš-šahīdāt |
| Nominative | شُهَدَاءُ šuhadāʾu | الشُّهَدَاءُ aš-šuhadāʾu | شَهِيدَاتٌ šahīdātun | الشَّهِيدَاتُ aš-šahīdātu |
| Accusative | شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʾa | الشُّهَدَاءَ aš-šuhadāʾa | شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin | الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti |
| Genitive | شُهَدَاءَ šuhadāʾa | الشُّهَدَاءِ aš-šuhadāʾi | شَهِيدَاتٍ šahīdātin | الشَّهِيدَاتِ aš-šahīdāti |
Persian
Noun
شهيد • (šahid)
- witness, martyr
- شاهد