شهد
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش ه د (š-h-d).
Verb
شَهِدَ • (šahida) I, non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu)
- to witness, to be a witness
- to experience personally, to see with one’s own eyes
- to be present, to attend, to be around
- to see
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهِدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شُهُود)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | شُهُود šuhūd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | شَاهِد šāhid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَشْهُود mašhūd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | شَهِدْتُ šahidtu | شَهِدْتَ šahidta | شَهِدَ šahida | شَهِدْتُمَا šahidtumā | شَهِدَا šahidā | شَهِدْنَا šahidnā | شَهِدْتُمْ šahidtum | شَهِدُوا šahidū | |||
f | شَهِدْتِ šahidti | شَهِدَتْ šahidat | شَهِدَتَا šahidatā | شَهِدْتُنَّ šahidtunna | شَهِدْنَ šahidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَشْهَدُ ʾašhadu | تَشْهَدُ tašhadu | يَشْهَدُ yašhadu | تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni | يَشْهَدَانِ yašhadāni | نَشْهَدُ našhadu | تَشْهَدُونَ tašhadūna | يَشْهَدُونَ yašhadūna | |||
f | تَشْهَدِينَ tašhadīna | تَشْهَدُ tašhadu | تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَشْهَدَ ʾašhada | تَشْهَدَ tašhada | يَشْهَدَ yašhada | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | يَشْهَدَا yašhadā | نَشْهَدَ našhada | تَشْهَدُوا tašhadū | يَشْهَدُوا yašhadū | |||
f | تَشْهَدِي tašhadī | تَشْهَدَ tašhada | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَشْهَدْ ʾašhad | تَشْهَدْ tašhad | يَشْهَدْ yašhad | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | يَشْهَدَا yašhadā | نَشْهَدْ našhad | تَشْهَدُوا tašhadū | يَشْهَدُوا yašhadū | |||
f | تَشْهَدِي tašhadī | تَشْهَدْ tašhad | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِشْهَدْ išhad | اِشْهَدَا išhadā | اِشْهَدُوا išhadū | ||||||||
f | اِشْهَدِي išhadī | اِشْهَدْنَ išhadna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | شُهِدْتُ šuhidtu | شُهِدْتَ šuhidta | شُهِدَ šuhida | شُهِدْتُمَا šuhidtumā | شُهِدَا šuhidā | شُهِدْنَا šuhidnā | شُهِدْتُمْ šuhidtum | شُهِدُوا šuhidū | |||
f | شُهِدْتِ šuhidti | شُهِدَتْ šuhidat | شُهِدَتَا šuhidatā | شُهِدْتُنَّ šuhidtunna | شُهِدْنَ šuhidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُشْهَدُ ʾušhadu | تُشْهَدُ tušhadu | يُشْهَدُ yušhadu | تُشْهَدَانِ tušhadāni | يُشْهَدَانِ yušhadāni | نُشْهَدُ nušhadu | تُشْهَدُونَ tušhadūna | يُشْهَدُونَ yušhadūna | |||
f | تُشْهَدِينَ tušhadīna | تُشْهَدُ tušhadu | تُشْهَدَانِ tušhadāni | تُشْهَدْنَ tušhadna | يُشْهَدْنَ yušhadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُشْهَدَ ʾušhada | تُشْهَدَ tušhada | يُشْهَدَ yušhada | تُشْهَدَا tušhadā | يُشْهَدَا yušhadā | نُشْهَدَ nušhada | تُشْهَدُوا tušhadū | يُشْهَدُوا yušhadū | |||
f | تُشْهَدِي tušhadī | تُشْهَدَ tušhada | تُشْهَدَا tušhadā | تُشْهَدْنَ tušhadna | يُشْهَدْنَ yušhadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُشْهَدْ ʾušhad | تُشْهَدْ tušhad | يُشْهَدْ yušhad | تُشْهَدَا tušhadā | يُشْهَدَا yušhadā | نُشْهَدْ nušhad | تُشْهَدُوا tušhadū | يُشْهَدُوا yušhadū | |||
f | تُشْهَدِي tušhadī | تُشْهَدْ tušhad | تُشْهَدَا tušhadā | تُشْهَدْنَ tušhadna | يُشْهَدْنَ yušhadna |
Verb
شَهِدَ • (šahida) I, non-past يَشْهَدُ (yašhadu)
- to testify, to bear witness, to give testimony, to give evidence
- to attest, to confirm, to certify
- to witness (a signature)
- to acknowledge, to adjudge
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهِدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شَهَادَة)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | شَهَادَة šahāda | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | شَاهِد šāhid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَشْهُود mašhūd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | شَهِدْتُ šahidtu | شَهِدْتَ šahidta | شَهِدَ šahida | شَهِدْتُمَا šahidtumā | شَهِدَا šahidā | شَهِدْنَا šahidnā | شَهِدْتُمْ šahidtum | شَهِدُوا šahidū | |||
f | شَهِدْتِ šahidti | شَهِدَتْ šahidat | شَهِدَتَا šahidatā | شَهِدْتُنَّ šahidtunna | شَهِدْنَ šahidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَشْهَدُ ʾašhadu | تَشْهَدُ tašhadu | يَشْهَدُ yašhadu | تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni | يَشْهَدَانِ yašhadāni | نَشْهَدُ našhadu | تَشْهَدُونَ tašhadūna | يَشْهَدُونَ yašhadūna | |||
f | تَشْهَدِينَ tašhadīna | تَشْهَدُ tašhadu | تَشْهَدَانِ tašhadāni | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَشْهَدَ ʾašhada | تَشْهَدَ tašhada | يَشْهَدَ yašhada | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | يَشْهَدَا yašhadā | نَشْهَدَ našhada | تَشْهَدُوا tašhadū | يَشْهَدُوا yašhadū | |||
f | تَشْهَدِي tašhadī | تَشْهَدَ tašhada | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَشْهَدْ ʾašhad | تَشْهَدْ tašhad | يَشْهَدْ yašhad | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | يَشْهَدَا yašhadā | نَشْهَدْ našhad | تَشْهَدُوا tašhadū | يَشْهَدُوا yašhadū | |||
f | تَشْهَدِي tašhadī | تَشْهَدْ tašhad | تَشْهَدَا tašhadā | تَشْهَدْنَ tašhadna | يَشْهَدْنَ yašhadna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِشْهَدْ išhad | اِشْهَدَا išhadā | اِشْهَدُوا išhadū | ||||||||
f | اِشْهَدِي išhadī | اِشْهَدْنَ išhadna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | — | — | شُهِدَ šuhida | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | — | — | يُشْهَدُ yušhadu | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | — | — | يُشْهَدَ yušhada | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | — | — | يُشْهَدْ yušhad | — | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Derived terms
- وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا (wašahida šāhidun min ʾahlihā)
Etymology 2
From ش ه د (š-h-d), uncertain sense, perhaps from likening the honeycombs to the graves of martyrs or the swarming of people at such shrines like bees swarm around a hive; see مشهد. Otherwise from the mucus that covers a fetus at birth; the meaning of birth is extended from the "being around" or "being present" of verb form I.
Noun
شَهْد or شُهْد • (šahd or šuhd) m (plural شِهَاد (šihād))
- honey especially still in the honeycomb
- 13th century, Saʿdī aš-Šīrāzī, دیوان سعدی [Dīwān of Saʿdī]:
- فَكَمْ تُمَرِّرُ عَيْشِي وَأَنْتَ حامِلُ شَهْدٍ
- fakam tumarriru ʿayšī waʾanta ḥāmilu šahdin
- And how much you make my life bitter and [although] you are a carrier of honey
- Synonym: عَسَل (ʿasal)
-
- honeycomb
- melon, cantaloupe
- nectar
- (figuratively) anything pleasant
- (figuratively, from stickiness) semen, menstruation
Declension
Declension of noun شَهْد (šahd); شُهْد (šuhd)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَهْد; شُهْد šahd; šuhd | الشَّهْد; الشُّهْد aš-šahd; aš-šuhd | شَهْد; شُهْد šahd; šuhd |
Nominative | شَهْدٌ; شُهْدٌ šahdun; šuhdun | الشَّهْدُ; الشُّهْدُ aš-šahdu; aš-šuhdu | شَهْدُ; شُهْدُ šahdu; šuhdu |
Accusative | شَهْدًا; شُهْدًا šahdan; šuhdan | الشَّهْدَ; الشُّهْدَ aš-šahda; aš-šuhda | شَهْدَ; شُهْدَ šahda; šuhda |
Genitive | شَهْدٍ; شُهْدٍ šahdin; šuhdin | الشَّهْدِ; الشُّهْدِ aš-šahdi; aš-šuhdi | شَهْدِ; شُهْدِ šahdi; šuhdi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَهْدَيْن; شُهْدَيْن šahdayn; šuhdayn | الشَّهْدَيْن; الشُّهْدَيْن aš-šahdayn; aš-šuhdayn | شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
Nominative | شَهْدَانِ; شُهْدَانِ šahdāni; šuhdāni | الشَّهْدَانِ; الشُّهْدَانِ aš-šahdāni; aš-šuhdāni | شَهْدَا; شُهْدَا šahdā; šuhdā |
Accusative | شَهْدَيْنِ; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni; šuhdayni | الشَّهْدَيْنِ; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni; aš-šuhdayni | شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
Genitive | شَهْدَيْنِ; شُهْدَيْنِ šahdayni; šuhdayni | الشَّهْدَيْنِ; الشُّهْدَيْنِ aš-šahdayni; aš-šuhdayni | شَهْدَيْ; شُهْدَيْ šahday; šuhday |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِهَاد šihād | الشِّهَاد aš-šihād | شِهَاد šihād |
Nominative | شِهَادٌ šihādun | الشِّهَادُ aš-šihādu | شِهَادُ šihādu |
Accusative | شِهَادًا šihādan | الشِّهَادَ aš-šihāda | شِهَادَ šihāda |
Genitive | شِهَادٍ šihādin | الشِّهَادِ aš-šihādi | شِهَادِ šihādi |
Descendants
- → Persian: شَهْد (šahd)
- → Hindi: शहद (śahad)
- → Urdu: شہد
Adjective
شُهَّد • (šuhhad) m pl
- masculine plural of شَاهِد (šāhid)
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “شهد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 459–460
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “شهد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1609–1611
Persian
Etymology
From Arabic شَهْد (šahd).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian): IPA(key): /ʃahd/
- (Dari): IPA(key): /ʃahd/
- (Iranian Persian): IPA(key): /ʃæhd/
- (Tajik): IPA(key): /ʃahd/
Noun
شهد • (šahd)
- honey
Synonyms
- عسل
- انگبین
Descendants
- → Hindi: शहद (śahad)
- → Urdu: شہد