شلغم

شلغم

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃal.ɣam/

Noun

شَلْغَم • (šalḡam) m

1. alternative form of شَلْجَم‎ (šaljam)

Declension

Declension of noun شَلْغَم (šalḡam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَلْغَم šalḡam	الشَّلْغَم‎ aš-šalḡam	شَلْغَم šalḡam
Nominative	شَلْغَمٌ šalḡamun	الشَّلْغَمُ‎ aš-šalḡamu	شَلْغَمُ šalḡamu
Accusative	شَلْغَمًا‎ šalḡaman	الشَّلْغَمَ‎ aš-šalḡama	شَلْغَمَ šalḡama
Genitive	شَلْغَمٍ šalḡamin	الشَّلْغَمِ‎ aš-šalḡami	شَلْغَمِ šalḡami

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian شلغم‎ (šalğam).

Noun

شلغم • (şalğam)

1. turnip (Brassica rapa)

Descendants

• Turkish: şalgam
• → Armenian: շալղամ (šalłam)
• → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “şalgam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4423
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “شلغم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 732
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Rapa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1434
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “شلغم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 2852
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “şalgam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “شلغم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1134

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Persian

شلغم

Alternative forms

• شملغ‎ (šamlağ), شملخ‎ (šamlax), شلم‎ (šalam)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLKʾ /šalgam/), possibly from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”). Cognate with Old Armenian շաղգամ (šałgam), Classical Syriac ܫܠܓܡܐ‎ (šalgamā), ܣܠܩܐ‎ (silqā, selqā), Aramaic סילקא‎, Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/silqu/), Arabic سِلْق‎ (silq), Arabic شَلْجَم‎ (šaljam), Russian свёкла (svjókla), and Ancient Greek σεῦκλον (seûklon).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃalɣam/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃalɣam/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃælɢæm/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /ʃalɣam/

Noun

Dari	شلغم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шалғам (šalġam)

شلغم • (šalğam) (plural شلغم‌ها‎ (šalğam-hâ))

1. turnip

Inflection

Enclitic-attached forms of شلغم (šalğam)

Basic forms of شلغم (šalğam) singular plural bare شلغم (šalğám) شلغم‌ها (šalğam-hấ) شلغما △ (šalğamấ) definitive direct object شلغم را (šalğám râ) شلغم رو △ (šalğámo) شلغم‌ها را (šalğam-hấ râ) شلغما رو △ (šalğamấ ro) ezâfe شلغم (šalğám-e) شلغم‌های (šalğam-hấ-ye) شلغمای △ (šalğamấ-ye) marked indefinite or relative definite شلغمی (šalğám-i) شلغم‌هایی (šalğamấn-i, šalğam-hấ-i) شلغمایی △ (šalğamấi) △ Colloquial.     Possessive forms of شلغم (šalğam) singular plural 1st person singular (“my”) شلغمم‎ (šalğámam) شلغم‌هایم‎ (šalğam-hấyam) شلغم‌هام، شلغمام‎ △ (šalğamấm) 2nd person singular (“your”) شلغمت‎ (šalğámat) [Term?] △ (šalğámet) شلغم‌هایت‎ (šalğam-hấyat) شلغم‌هات، شلغمات‎ △ (šalğamất) 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) شلغمش‎ (šalğámaš) [Term?] △ (šalğámeš) شلغم‌هایش‎ (šalğam-hấyaš) شلغم‌هاش، شلغماش‎ △ (šalğamấš) 1st plural (“our”) شلغممان‎ (šalğámemân) شلغممون‎ △ (šalğámemun) شلغم‌هایمان‎ (šalğam-hấyemân) شلغم‌هامون، شلغمامون‎ △ (šalğamấmun) 2nd plural (“your”) شلغمتان‎ (šalğámetân) شلغمتون‎ △ (šalğámetun) شلغم‌هایتان‎ (šalğam-hấyetân) شلغم‌هاتون، شلغماتون‎ △ (šalğamấtun) 3rd plural (“their”) شلغمشان‎ (šalğámešân) شلغمشون‎ △ (šalğámešun) شلغم‌هایشان‎ (šalğam-hấyešân) شلغم‌هاشون، شلغماشون‎ △ (šalğamấšun) △ Colloquial.

Descendants

• → Arabic: شَلْجَم‎ (šaljam), سَلْجَم‎ (saljam), شَلْغَم‎ (šalḡam)
  • → Galician: acelga
  • → Middle Armenian: շալճամ (šalčam), սալճամ (salčam)
  • → Portuguese: acelga
  • → Spanish: acelga
  • → Ottoman Turkish: شلجم‎ (şelcem)
• → Azerbaijani: şalğam
• → Assamese: চালগোম (salogüm)
• → Bashkir: шалҡан (şalqan)
• → Bengali: শালগম (śalôgômô)
• Hindustani:

  → Hindi: शलगम (śalgam)

  → Urdu: شلغم‎ (šalğam)

• → Kazakh: шалғам (şalğam), шалқан (şalqan)
• → Middle Armenian: շալղամ (šalłam)
  • Armenian: շալղամ (šalłam)
• → Northern Kurdish: şêlim
• → Ottoman Turkish: شلغم‎ (şelgam, şalgam)
  • Turkish: şalgam, şalğam
  • → Greek: σαλγάμι (salgámi)
• → Punjabi: ਸ਼ਲਗਮ (śalgam)
• → Turkmen: şalgam

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “շաղգամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 489b
• Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 311
• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 264
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 346–352
• Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1982) Očerki po istorii leksiki pamirskix jazykov. Nazvanija kulʹturnyx rastenij [Essays on the history of Pamir languages. Names of cultivated plants] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 75–77