ش ك م
Arabic
Etymology
Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a causative, which would be Proto-Semitic *ša-, attached to كَمَّ (kamma, “to muzzle”), which would probably mean this root, and perhaps the other too, is an Aramaic borrowing, since Proto-Semitic š regularly gives Arabic س (s), unless it had a variant *śa-. Compare also شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”). Perhaps extended from شَكَّ (šakka, “to stick together”) then. But both شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”) and شَكِيمَة (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”) are suspicious of Middle Iranian origin.
Root
ش ك م • (š-k-m)
- related to bitting
Derived terms
- Form I: شَكَمَ (šakama, “to bit, to stop the mouth; to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
- Verbal noun: شَكْم (šakm)
- Active participle: شَاكِم (šākim)
- Passive participle: مَشْكُوم (maškūm)
- Form IV: أَشْكَمَ (ʾaškama, “to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
- Verbal noun: إِشْكَام (ʾiškām)
- Active participle: مُشْكِم (muškim)
- Passive participle: مُشْكَم (muškam)
- شُكْم (šukm, “remuneration, compensation”)
- شُكْمَى (šukmā, “remuneration, compensation”)
- شَكِيمَة (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”)
References
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 723
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ش ك م”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 779
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “ش ك م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 444
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “ش ك م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1588–1589
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ش ك م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 670–671