شال
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ش و ل (š-w-l).
Verb
شَالَ • (šāla) I, non-past يَشُولُ (yašūlu)
- to rise, to become elevated
- to raise, to elevate, to lift
- 2008, أُحَيحة بن الجُلاح الأوسيّ, الشُّعراء الجاهليون الأوائل : تح: عادل الفريجات, بيروت: المشرق, page 451:
- تَأَبَّرِي مِنْ حَنَذٍ فَشُولِي
- taʾabbarī min ḥanaḏin fašūlī
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1987, بَيْهس بن هلال الفَزاريّ, شعر قبيلة ذبيان : تح: سلامة السويدي, الدوحة: جامعة قطر, page 284:
- إِذْ شَالَتِ الحَرْبُ غَرِيمَ أَمْرِي
- ʾiḏ šālati l-ḥarbu ḡarīma ʾamrī
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | شَوْل šawl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | شَائِل šāʾil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَشُول mašūl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | شُلْتُ šultu | شُلْتَ šulta | شَالَ šāla | شُلْتُمَا šultumā | شَالَا šālā | شُلْنَا šulnā | شُلْتُمْ šultum | شَالُوا šālū | |||
f | شُلْتِ šulti | شَالَتْ šālat | شَالَتَا šālatā | شُلْتُنَّ šultunna | شُلْنَ šulna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَشُولُ ʾašūlu | تَشُولُ tašūlu | يَشُولُ yašūlu | تَشُولَانِ tašūlāni | يَشُولَانِ yašūlāni | نَشُولُ našūlu | تَشُولُونَ tašūlūna | يَشُولُونَ yašūlūna | |||
f | تَشُولِينَ tašūlīna | تَشُولُ tašūlu | تَشُولَانِ tašūlāni | تَشُلْنَ tašulna | يَشُلْنَ yašulna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَشُولَ ʾašūla | تَشُولَ tašūla | يَشُولَ yašūla | تَشُولَا tašūlā | يَشُولَا yašūlā | نَشُولَ našūla | تَشُولُوا tašūlū | يَشُولُوا yašūlū | |||
f | تَشُولِي tašūlī | تَشُولَ tašūla | تَشُولَا tašūlā | تَشُلْنَ tašulna | يَشُلْنَ yašulna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَشُلْ ʾašul | تَشُلْ tašul | يَشُلْ yašul | تَشُولَا tašūlā | يَشُولَا yašūlā | نَشُلْ našul | تَشُولُوا tašūlū | يَشُولُوا yašūlū | |||
f | تَشُولِي tašūlī | تَشُلْ tašul | تَشُولَا tašūlā | تَشُلْنَ tašulna | يَشُلْنَ yašulna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | شُلْ šul | شُولَا šūlā | شُولُوا šūlū | ||||||||
f | شُولِي šūlī | شُلْنَ šulna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | شِلْتُ šiltu | شِلْتَ šilta | شِيلَ šīla | شِلْتُمَا šiltumā | شِيلَا šīlā | شِلْنَا šilnā | شِلْتُمْ šiltum | شِيلُوا šīlū | |||
f | شِلْتِ šilti | شِيلَتْ šīlat | شِيلَتَا šīlatā | شِلْتُنَّ šiltunna | شِلْنَ šilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُشَالُ ʾušālu | تُشَالُ tušālu | يُشَالُ yušālu | تُشَالَانِ tušālāni | يُشَالَانِ yušālāni | نُشَالُ nušālu | تُشَالُونَ tušālūna | يُشَالُونَ yušālūna | |||
f | تُشَالِينَ tušālīna | تُشَالُ tušālu | تُشَالَانِ tušālāni | تُشَلْنَ tušalna | يُشَلْنَ yušalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُشَالَ ʾušāla | تُشَالَ tušāla | يُشَالَ yušāla | تُشَالَا tušālā | يُشَالَا yušālā | نُشَالَ nušāla | تُشَالُوا tušālū | يُشَالُوا yušālū | |||
f | تُشَالِي tušālī | تُشَالَ tušāla | تُشَالَا tušālā | تُشَلْنَ tušalna | يُشَلْنَ yušalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُشَلْ ʾušal | تُشَلْ tušal | يُشَلْ yušal | تُشَالَا tušālā | يُشَالَا yušālā | نُشَلْ nušal | تُشَالُوا tušālū | يُشَالُوا yušālū | |||
f | تُشَالِي tušālī | تُشَلْ tušal | تُشَالَا tušālā | تُشَلْنَ tušalna | يُشَلْنَ yušalna |
Etymology 2
From Persian شال (šâl).
Noun
شَال • (šāl) m (plural شَالَات (šālāt) or شِيلَان (šīlān))
- shawl, scarf, fichu
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَال šāl | الشَّال aš-šāl | شَال šāl |
Nominative | شَالٌ šālun | الشَّالُ aš-šālu | شَالُ šālu |
Accusative | شَالًا šālan | الشَّالَ aš-šāla | شَالَ šāla |
Genitive | شَالٍ šālin | الشَّالِ aš-šāli | شَالِ šāli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَالَيْن šālayn | الشَّالَيْن aš-šālayn | شَالَيْ šālay |
Nominative | شَالَانِ šālāni | الشَّالَانِ aš-šālāni | شَالَا šālā |
Accusative | شَالَيْنِ šālayni | الشَّالَيْنِ aš-šālayni | شَالَيْ šālay |
Genitive | شَالَيْنِ šālayni | الشَّالَيْنِ aš-šālayni | شَالَيْ šālay |
Plural | sound feminine plural; basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَالَات; شِيلَان šālāt; šīlān | الشَّالَات; الشِّيلَان aš-šālāt; aš-šīlān | شَالَات; شِيلَان šālāt; šīlān |
Nominative | شَالَاتٌ; شِيلَانٌ šālātun; šīlānun | الشَّالَاتُ; الشِّيلَانُ aš-šālātu; aš-šīlānu | شَالَاتُ; شِيلَانُ šālātu; šīlānu |
Accusative | شَالَاتٍ; شِيلَانًا šālātin; šīlānan | الشَّالَاتِ; الشِّيلَانَ aš-šālāti; aš-šīlāna | شَالَاتِ; شِيلَانَ šālāti; šīlāna |
Genitive | شَالَاتٍ; شِيلَانٍ šālātin; šīlānin | الشَّالَاتِ; الشِّيلَانِ aš-šālāti; aš-šīlāni | شَالَاتِ; شِيلَانِ šālāti; šīlāni |
Etymology 3
From Coptic ϫⲏⲗ (čēl), Sahidic Coptic, also borrowed as قِيل (gīl) from Bohairic Coptic ⲕⲏⲗ (kēl).
Noun
شَال • (šāl) m
- certain fishes
- Synodontis spp.
- Silurus spp.
- Lycodontis syn. Gymnothorax spp.
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَال šāl | الشَّال aš-šāl | شَال šāl |
Nominative | شَالٌ šālun | الشَّالُ aš-šālu | شَالُ šālu |
Accusative | شَالًا šālan | الشَّالَ aš-šāla | شَالَ šāla |
Genitive | شَالٍ šālin | الشَّالِ aš-šāli | شَالِ šāli |
References
- Bishai, Wilson B. (1964), “Coptic Lexical Influence on Egyptian Arabic”, in Journal of Near Eastern Studies, volume 23, issue 1, DOI:, page 41b
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1845) Dictionnaire détaillé des noms des vêtements chez les arabes (in French), Amsterdam: Jean Müller, page 244
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “شال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 805
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “شال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 467
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “شال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1621–1622
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 625
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شال”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 685
Egyptian Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic أَشَالَ (ʾašāla, “to raise”), form IV causative of شَالَ (šāla, “to rise”), from the root ش و ل (š-w-l).
Verb
شال • (šāl) (present يشيل (yišīl))
- to carry (to transport by lifting)
- to remove
Gulf Arabic
Etymology 1
From Arabic أَشَالَ (ʾašāla, “to raise”), form IV causative of شَالَ (šāla, “to rise”), from the root ش و ل (š-w-l).
Pronunciation
- (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /ʃɑl/
Verb
شال • (ʃal) (present يِشِيل (ɪʃil), verbal noun شيلة (ʃelə))
- to remove
- شيل الببسي من الصفرة
- Remove the Pepsi/soft drink from the tablecloth
- to lift
- تشيل حديد ولا كأنما!
- She lifts weight as if (it is nothing)!
- to carry
- يا حلات منظر الأهل وُهُم شايلين عيالهم
- How beautiful is the scene of parents carrying their children
- (figuratively, by extension) to carry responsibility
- هالبنية بروحها شايلة بيتهم بكبره
- This girl alone is carrying (the responsibility of) her house(hold) in its entirety
- مو قادر يشيل روحه ويقولي بيتزوج!
- (He) cannot carry (the responsibility of) himself and he is telling me he wants to get married!
Etymology 2
From Persian شال (šâl).
Pronunciation
- (Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic) IPA(key): /ʃɑl/
Noun
شال • (ʃal) m (plural شالات (ʃalat))
- scarf
See also
- شيلة (ʃelə, “a special type of headscarf”)
- شيلة (ʃelə, “Psalm or short song”)
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaːl/
Etymology 1
From Arabic أَشَالَ (ʾašāla).
Verb
شال • (šāl) (form I, non-past يشيل (yišīl))
- to carry (to transport by lifting)
- to remove
- to lift
Conjugation
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | شِلت (šilt) | شِلت (šilt) | شال (šāl) | شِلْنا (šilna) | شلتوا (šiltu) | شالوا (šālu) | |
f | شلتي (šilti) | شالت (šālat) | ||||||
non-past | m | أشيل (ašīl) | تشيل (tišīl) | يشيل (yišīl) | نشيل (nišīl) | تشيلوا (tišīlu) | يشيلوا (yišīlu) | |
f | تشيلي (tišīli) | تشيل (tišīl) | ||||||
imperative | m | شيل (šīl) | شيلوا (šīlu) | |||||
f | شيلي (šīli) |
Etymology 2
From Persian شال (šâl).
Noun
شال • (šāl) m (plural شيلان (šīlān))
- scarf
Kashmiri
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaːl/
Noun
شال • (śāl) m
- jackal
Mazanderani
Noun
شال (šâl)
- jackal
North Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic أَشَالَ (ʾašāla, “to raise”), form IV causative of شَالَ (šāla, “to rise”), from the root ش و ل (š-w-l).
Verb
شال • (šāl) (imperfect يشيل (yšīl))
- to remove, to take off, away
- ما فيي شيل الغطا عن هاي القنينة.
- mā fiyyi šīl il-ḡaṭa ʿan hay il-ʾannīne.
- I can't get the lid off this bottle.
- شيل عينيك عن غير نسوان.
- šīl ʿaynayk ʿan ḡayr niswān.
- Take your eyes off other women.
- (colloquial, Lebanon) to be down, to be up for (used either alone or governing a subjunctive-verb phrase)
- مولعينها بطرابلس، بتشيلي ننزل؟ — ايه بشيل
- mwallʿīna b-ṭrāblus, bitšīli ninzal? — ʾē bšīl
- They're going wild in Tripoli, you want to head down? — Yeah, I'm down to.
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Persian شال (šâl).
Noun
شال • (şal)
- shawl
- scarf
Descendants
- Turkish: şal
- → Macedonian: шал (šal)
- → Romanian: sal
- → Serbo-Croatian: šȁl
- → Slovene: šȃl
Persian
Etymology
From Indo-Aryan. Compare Hindi दुशाला (duśālā), from Sanskrit शाटी (śāṭī), feminine of शाट (śāṭa, “clothing”).[1][2] Sometimes said to be from or influenced by Shāliāt, an Arabic/Persian pronunciation of Chaliyam in India, supposedly where they were first made.[3][4][5]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃɒːl/
Noun
Dari | شال |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шол (šol) |
شال • (šâl) (plural شالها (šâl-hâ))
- shawl
- scarf
Derived terms
- شالگردن (šâl-gardan)
Descendants
- → Arabic: شَال (šāl)
- → Azerbaijani: şal
- → Bashkir: шәл (şäl)
- → Bulgarian: шал (šal)
- → Czech: šál
- → Danish: sjal
- → Dutch: sjaal
- → English: shawl
- → Finnish: šaali
- → French: châle
- → Catalan: xal
- → Italian: scialle
- → Polish: szal
- → Portuguese: xaile, xale
- → Spanish: chal
- → Georgian: შალი (šali)
- → German: Schal
- → Gujarati: શાલ (śāl)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: शाल (śāl)
- Urdu: شال (śāl)
- → Hungarian: sál
- → Indonesian: syal
- → Japanese: ショール (shōru)
- → Kannada: ಶಾಲು (śālu)
- → Korean: 숄 (syol)
- → Marathi: शाल (śāl)
- → Middle Armenian: շալ (šal)
- Armenian: շալ (šal)
- → Ottoman Turkish: شال (şal)
- Turkish: şal
- → Macedonian: шал (šal)
- → Romanian: sal
- → Serbo-Croatian: šȁl
- → Slovene: šȃl
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਲ (śāl)
- Shahmukhi: شال (śāl)
- → Russian: шаль (šalʹ)
- → Kazakh: шәлі (şälı)
- → Swedish: sjal
- → Uzbek: shol
- → Yiddish: שאַל (shal)
References
- “shawl”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- https://www.thefreedictionary.com/shawl
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
- Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
- Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ش ي ل |
Etymology
From Arabic شَالَ (šāla).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaːl/, [ʃæːl]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
شال • (šāl) (form I, present بشيل (bišīl))
- to remove, to take out
- Synonyms: قام (ʔām), خلع (ḵalaʕ)
Conjugation
Conjugation of شال (šāl) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | شلت (šilt) | شلت (šilt) | شال (šāl) | شلنا (šilna) | شلتو (šiltu) | شالو (šālu) | |
f | شلتي (šilti) | شالت (šālat) | ||||||
present | m | بشيل (bašīl) | بتشيل (bitšīl) | بشيل (bišīl) | منشيل (minšīl) | بتشيلو (bitšīlu) | بشيلو (bišīlu) | |
f | بتشيلي (bitšīli) | بتشيل (bitšīl) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اشيل (ašīl) | تشيل (tšīl) | يشيل (yšīl) | نشيل (nšīl) | تشيلو (tšīlu) | يشيلو (yšīlu) | |
f | تشيلي (tšīli) | تشيل (tšīl) | ||||||
imperative | m | شيل (šīl) | شيلو (šīlu) | |||||
f | شيلي (šīli) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian شال (šâl). Doublet of سَاڑِی (sāṛī).[1] Compare Punjabi ਸ਼ਾਲ (śāl) / شال (śāl), Gujarati શાલ (śāl), Marathi शाल (śāl), Kannada ಶಾಲು (śālu), Telugu శాలువ (śāluva).
Noun
شَال • (śāl) f (Hindi spelling शाल)
- shawl
- scarf
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śāṭa1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Further reading
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “شال”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.