سوط
Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sawtˤ/
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
Apparently via Aramaic שׁוֹטָא (šōṭā) / ܫܱܘܛܳܐ (šawṭā, “whip”) from Old Georgian შოლტი (šolṭi, “whip”).
Noun
سَوْط • (sawṭ) m (plural أَسْوَاط (ʾaswāṭ) or سِيَاط (siyāṭ))
- verbal noun of سَاطَ (sāṭa)
- whip, scourge, switch
- (figuratively) any punishment
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 89:13:
- فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ
- faṣabba ʿalayhim rabbuka sawṭa ʿaḏābin
- Therefore thy Lord poured on them the disaster of His punishment.
-
- (biology) flagellum
- (astronomy) an astronomical measure of approximately 4.5 degrees
Declension
Declension of noun سَوْط (sawṭ)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | سَوْط sawṭ | السَّوْط as-sawṭ | سَوْط sawṭ |
| Nominative | سَوْطٌ sawṭun | السَّوْطُ as-sawṭu | سَوْطُ sawṭu |
| Accusative | سَوْطًا sawṭan | السَّوْطَ as-sawṭa | سَوْطَ sawṭa |
| Genitive | سَوْطٍ sawṭin | السَّوْطِ as-sawṭi | سَوْطِ sawṭi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | سَوْطَيْن sawṭayn | السَّوْطَيْن as-sawṭayn | سَوْطَيْ sawṭay |
| Nominative | سَوْطَانِ sawṭāni | السَّوْطَانِ as-sawṭāni | سَوْطَا sawṭā |
| Accusative | سَوْطَيْنِ sawṭayni | السَّوْطَيْنِ as-sawṭayni | سَوْطَيْ sawṭay |
| Genitive | سَوْطَيْنِ sawṭayni | السَّوْطَيْنِ as-sawṭayni | سَوْطَيْ sawṭay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَسْوَاط; سِيَاط ʾaswāṭ; siyāṭ | الْأَسْوَاط; السِّيَاط al-ʾaswāṭ; as-siyāṭ | أَسْوَاط; سِيَاط ʾaswāṭ; siyāṭ |
| Nominative | أَسْوَاطٌ; سِيَاطٌ ʾaswāṭun; siyāṭun | الْأَسْوَاطُ; السِّيَاطُ al-ʾaswāṭu; as-siyāṭu | أَسْوَاطُ; سِيَاطُ ʾaswāṭu; siyāṭu |
| Accusative | أَسْوَاطًا; سِيَاطًا ʾaswāṭan; siyāṭan | الْأَسْوَاطَ; السِّيَاطَ al-ʾaswāṭa; as-siyāṭa | أَسْوَاطَ; سِيَاطَ ʾaswāṭa; siyāṭa |
| Genitive | أَسْوَاطٍ; سِيَاطٍ ʾaswāṭin; siyāṭin | الْأَسْوَاطِ; السِّيَاطِ al-ʾaswāṭi; as-siyāṭi | أَسْوَاطِ; سِيَاطِ ʾaswāṭi; siyāṭi |
Derived terms
- سَاطَ (sāṭa)
- سَيَّطَ (sayyaṭa), سَوَّطَ (sawwaṭa)
- تَسَيَّطَ (tasayyaṭa), تَسَوَّطَ (tasawwaṭa)
- مِسْوَط (miswaṭ)
- مِسْوَاط (miswāṭ)
Descendants
- Maltese: sawt
- → Amharic: ሰውጥ (säwṭ)
- → Catalan: assot
- → Galician: azoute
- → Ge'ez: ሰውጥ (säwṭ), ሠውጥ (śäwṭ)
- → Ottoman Turkish: سوط (savt)
- → Turkish: savt
- → Portuguese: açoite
- → Sicilian: zotta
- → Spanish: azote
Etymology 2
A native root. Some occurrences of Biblical Hebrew שׁוֹט (šōṭ) are understood as “spate”, whose sense seems to have influenced the Arabic sense of “a punishment” otherwise belonging to the “whip” noun, as in the Qurʾān place above God صَبَّ (ṣabba) it, that is “poured” or “dispensed“ punishment like liquid, although Jakob Barth considered all the Arabic words and senses on this page natively developed from سَطَا (saṭā, “to throw oneself upon someone or something with impetuosity; to be restive; to march with large steps; to be found in abundance (said of water)”).
Noun
سَوْط • (sawṭ) m
- water that bides in a pool or puddle or the place where there is such water
- someone's deal, a designated deal
Declension
Declension of noun سَوْط (sawṭ)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | سَوْط sawṭ | السَّوْط as-sawṭ | سَوْط sawṭ |
| Nominative | سَوْطٌ sawṭun | السَّوْطُ as-sawṭu | سَوْطُ sawṭu |
| Accusative | سَوْطًا sawṭan | السَّوْطَ as-sawṭa | سَوْطَ sawṭa |
| Genitive | سَوْطٍ sawṭin | السَّوْطِ as-sawṭi | سَوْطِ sawṭi |
Verb
سَوَّطَ • (sawwaṭa) II, non-past يُسَوِّطُ (yusawwiṭu)
- to commix the liquids by stirring
Conjugation
Conjugation of
سَوَّطَ
(form-II sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَسْوِيط taswīṭ | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُسَوِّط musawwiṭ | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُسَوَّط musawwaṭ | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | سَوَّطْتُ sawwaṭtu | سَوَّطْتَ sawwaṭta | سَوَّطَ sawwaṭa | سَوَّطْتُمَا sawwaṭtumā | سَوَّطَا sawwaṭā | سَوَّطْنَا sawwaṭnā | سَوَّطْتُمْ sawwaṭtum | سَوَّطُوا sawwaṭū | |||
| f | سَوَّطْتِ sawwaṭti | سَوَّطَتْ sawwaṭat | سَوَّطَتَا sawwaṭatā | سَوَّطْتُنَّ sawwaṭtunna | سَوَّطْنَ sawwaṭna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُسَوِّطُ ʾusawwiṭu | تُسَوِّطُ tusawwiṭu | يُسَوِّطُ yusawwiṭu | تُسَوِّطَانِ tusawwiṭāni | يُسَوِّطَانِ yusawwiṭāni | نُسَوِّطُ nusawwiṭu | تُسَوِّطُونَ tusawwiṭūna | يُسَوِّطُونَ yusawwiṭūna | |||
| f | تُسَوِّطِينَ tusawwiṭīna | تُسَوِّطُ tusawwiṭu | تُسَوِّطَانِ tusawwiṭāni | تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna | يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُسَوِّطَ ʾusawwiṭa | تُسَوِّطَ tusawwiṭa | يُسَوِّطَ yusawwiṭa | تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā | يُسَوِّطَا yusawwiṭā | نُسَوِّطَ nusawwiṭa | تُسَوِّطُوا tusawwiṭū | يُسَوِّطُوا yusawwiṭū | |||
| f | تُسَوِّطِي tusawwiṭī | تُسَوِّطَ tusawwiṭa | تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā | تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna | يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُسَوِّطْ ʾusawwiṭ | تُسَوِّطْ tusawwiṭ | يُسَوِّطْ yusawwiṭ | تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā | يُسَوِّطَا yusawwiṭā | نُسَوِّطْ nusawwiṭ | تُسَوِّطُوا tusawwiṭū | يُسَوِّطُوا yusawwiṭū | |||
| f | تُسَوِّطِي tusawwiṭī | تُسَوِّطْ tusawwiṭ | تُسَوِّطَا tusawwiṭā | تُسَوِّطْنَ tusawwiṭna | يُسَوِّطْنَ yusawwiṭna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | سَوِّطْ sawwiṭ | سَوِّطَا sawwiṭā | سَوِّطُوا sawwiṭū | ||||||||
| f | سَوِّطِي sawwiṭī | سَوِّطْنَ sawwiṭna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | سُوِّطْتُ suwwiṭtu | سُوِّطْتَ suwwiṭta | سُوِّطَ suwwiṭa | سُوِّطْتُمَا suwwiṭtumā | سُوِّطَا suwwiṭā | سُوِّطْنَا suwwiṭnā | سُوِّطْتُمْ suwwiṭtum | سُوِّطُوا suwwiṭū | |||
| f | سُوِّطْتِ suwwiṭti | سُوِّطَتْ suwwiṭat | سُوِّطَتَا suwwiṭatā | سُوِّطْتُنَّ suwwiṭtunna | سُوِّطْنَ suwwiṭna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُسَوَّطُ ʾusawwaṭu | تُسَوَّطُ tusawwaṭu | يُسَوَّطُ yusawwaṭu | تُسَوَّطَانِ tusawwaṭāni | يُسَوَّطَانِ yusawwaṭāni | نُسَوَّطُ nusawwaṭu | تُسَوَّطُونَ tusawwaṭūna | يُسَوَّطُونَ yusawwaṭūna | |||
| f | تُسَوَّطِينَ tusawwaṭīna | تُسَوَّطُ tusawwaṭu | تُسَوَّطَانِ tusawwaṭāni | تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna | يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُسَوَّطَ ʾusawwaṭa | تُسَوَّطَ tusawwaṭa | يُسَوَّطَ yusawwaṭa | تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā | يُسَوَّطَا yusawwaṭā | نُسَوَّطَ nusawwaṭa | تُسَوَّطُوا tusawwaṭū | يُسَوَّطُوا yusawwaṭū | |||
| f | تُسَوَّطِي tusawwaṭī | تُسَوَّطَ tusawwaṭa | تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā | تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna | يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُسَوَّطْ ʾusawwaṭ | تُسَوَّطْ tusawwaṭ | يُسَوَّطْ yusawwaṭ | تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā | يُسَوَّطَا yusawwaṭā | نُسَوَّطْ nusawwaṭ | تُسَوَّطُوا tusawwaṭū | يُسَوَّطُوا yusawwaṭū | |||
| f | تُسَوَّطِي tusawwaṭī | تُسَوَّطْ tusawwaṭ | تُسَوَّطَا tusawwaṭā | تُسَوَّطْنَ tusawwaṭna | يُسَوَّطْنَ yusawwaṭna | |||||||
Derived terms
- اِسْتَوَطَ (istawaṭa, “to be or become mixed or stirred”)
- سَوِيط (sawīṭ, “stirred”)
- سَوَيْطَاء (sawayṭāʾ, “a soup with much onions and chickpeas”)
- مِسْوَط (miswaṭ, “an implement to mix”)
- مِسْوَاط (miswāṭ, “an implement to mix”)
Further reading
- Barth, Jakob (1893) Etymologische Studien zum semitischen insbesondere zum hebräischen Lexicon (in German), Berlin: H. Itzkowski, page 14
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, page 672
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “سوط”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 375b–376a
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “سوط”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1466–1467
- Марр, Н. Я. (1910), “Надпись Епифания, католикоса Грузии (Из раскопок в Ани 1910 г.) [The inscription of Epiphanius, the catholicos of Georgia (From excavations of Ani in 1910)]”, in Известия Императорской Академии наук (in Russian), volume XIV, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 1436 of 1433–1442
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَوْط (sawṭ, “whip, scourge”).
Noun
سوط • (savt) (plural اسواط)
- whip, scourge, lash of plaited thongs
- Synonyms: قامجی (kamçı), قرباچ (kırbaç)
- horsewhip of a single piece of rhinoceros hide
- lash, a stroke with a whip or similar object
Descendants
- Turkish: savt
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “savt2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4095
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Flagellum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 587
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “سوط”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 2711
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “سوط”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1092