سندروس

سندروس

Arabic

Alternative forms

• سِنْدَلُوس‎ (sindalūs)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek σανδαράκινος (sandarákinos, “orange-coloured, sandarac-like”) or another masculine formation from σανδᾰράκη (sandarákē, “sandarac, realgar”), compare خَنْدَرُوس‎ (ḵandarūs) from χόνδρος (khóndros, “spelt; groats; lump, grumous mass”) and دَنْدَرُوس‎ (dandarūs) from δενδροειδής (dendroeidḗs, “tree-like”).

The Classical Syriac form ܣܢܕܪܘܣ‎ is found in Bar Bahlul and Bar Ali, while Jewish Babylonian Aramaic סַנְדּרוֹס‎ (sandarōs) is found in the Ḥalaḵōt Gedōlōṯ and Mishnaic Hebrew סַנְדּרוֹס‎ (sandarōs) in the Book of Assaf; the Arabic term can well be considered an Aramaic loan hence, considering also that these lects thereof liked to add a reflex of -ος (-os) even when it was never there, e.g. the descendants of σίγνον (sígnon).

Noun

سَنْدَرُوس or سِنْدَرُوس • (sandarūs or sindarūs) m

1. sandarac
   1. the tree Tetraclinis articulata
   2. the resin obtained from Tetraclinis articulata

Declension

Declension of noun سَنْدَرُوس (sandarūs)‎; سِنْدَرُوس (sindarūs)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنْدَرُوس‎; سِنْدَرُوس sandarūs‎; sindarūs	السَّنْدَرُوس‎‎; السِّنْدَرُوس‎ as-sandarūs‎; as-sindarūs	سَنْدَرُوس‎; سِنْدَرُوس sandarūs‎; sindarūs
Nominative	سَنْدَرُوسٌ‎; سِنْدَرُوسٌ sandarūsun‎; sindarūsun	السَّنْدَرُوسُ‎‎; السِّنْدَرُوسُ‎ as-sandarūsu‎; as-sindarūsu	سَنْدَرُوسُ‎; سِنْدَرُوسُ sandarūsu‎; sindarūsu
Accusative	سَنْدَرُوسًا‎‎; سِنْدَرُوسًا‎ sandarūsan‎; sindarūsan	السَّنْدَرُوسَ‎‎; السِّنْدَرُوسَ‎ as-sandarūsa‎; as-sindarūsa	سَنْدَرُوسَ‎; سِنْدَرُوسَ sandarūsa‎; sindarūsa
Genitive	سَنْدَرُوسٍ‎; سِنْدَرُوسٍ sandarūsin‎; sindarūsin	السَّنْدَرُوسِ‎‎; السِّنْدَرُوسِ‎ as-sandarūsi‎; as-sindarūsi	سَنْدَرُوسِ‎; سِنْدَرُوسِ sandarūsi‎; sindarūsi

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: սանդարօս (sandarōs), սանդարաս (sandaras), սանտարօս (santarōs)
• → Persian: سندروس‎ (sandrus)
• → Swahili: sandarusi

References

• Freytag, Georg (1833), “سندروس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 364
• Flattery, David Stophlet; Schwartz, Martin (1989) Haoma and Harmaline. The Botanical Identity of the Indo-Iranian Sacred Hallucinogen “Soma” and its Legacy in Religion, Language, and Middle Eastern Folklore (Near Eastern Studies; 21), Berkeley · Los Angeles · London: University of California Press, →ISBN, § 260, page 142
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 32–33
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “سندروس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 605

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic سَنْدَرُوس‎ (sandarūs).

Noun

سندروس • (sandrus)

1. the tree Tetraclinis articulata
2. sandarac resin

Adjective

سندروس • (sandrus) (comparative سندروس‌تَر‎ (sandrus-tar), superlative سندروس‌تَرین‎ (sandrus-tarin))

1. (archaic, literary) sandarac-coloured, yellow
2. (figuratively, literary) extremely scared