سلق

See also: سلف‎ and شلق‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root س ل ق‎ (s-l-q). Cognate with Aramaic שְׁלַק‎ / ܫܠܰܩ‎ (‍šlaq, “to boil”), whereas Ge'ez ተሳለቀ (täsaläḳä, “to scoff at”) is unrelated but the source of the Qurʾānic use for verbal “bashing” and related by metathesis to the Ugaritic 𐎖𐎍𐎕 (qlṣ, “to scorn”), Hebrew קִלֵּס‎ (qilles, “to mock”), dialectal Arabic قَلَّسَ‎ (qallasa, “to mock”).

Verb

سَلَقَ • (salaqa) I, non-past يَسْلُقُ‎‎ (yasluqu)

to thrust, to prostrate, to pierce, to push, to repel
to hurt, to gall, to flay, to lash, to assault
1. to hurt verbally, to taunt
  - 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 33:19:
    ‏فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدُورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِي يُغْشَىٰ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْت فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ‎
    faʾiḏā jāʾa l-ḵawfu raʾaytahum yanẓurūna ʾilayka tadūru ʾaʿyunuhum kāllaḏī yuḡšā ʿalayhi mina l-mawt faʾiḏā ḏahaba l-ḵawfu salaqūkum biʾalsinatin ḥidādin
    And when fear comes, you see them looking at you, their eyes revolving of he who to whom death comes. But when fear departs, they lash you with sharp tongues
to boil without adding any seasoning
to remove animal's feathers (by boiling it)
to enkindle, to ignite
to climb (a wall, etc)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَلَقَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun سَلْق)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					سَلْق salq
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					سَالِق‎ sāliq
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَسْلُوق‎ maslūq
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَلَقْتُ‎ salaqtu	سَلَقْتَ‎ salaqta	سَلَقَ salaqa	سَلَقْتُمَا‎ salaqtumā	سَلَقَا‎ salaqā	سَلَقْنَا‎ salaqnā	سَلَقْتُمْ‎ salaqtum	سَلَقُوا‎ salaqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَلَقْتُ‎ salaqtu	سَلَقْتِ‎ salaqti	سَلَقَتْ‎ salaqat	سَلَقْتُمَا‎ salaqtumā	سَلَقَتَا‎ salaqatā	سَلَقْنَا‎ salaqnā	سَلَقْتُنَّ‎ salaqtunna	سَلَقْنَ‎ salaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْلُقُ‎ ʾasluqu	تَسْلُقُ‎ tasluqu	يَسْلُقُ‎ yasluqu	تَسْلُقَانِ‎ tasluqāni	يَسْلُقَانِ‎ yasluqāni	نَسْلُقُ‎ nasluqu	تَسْلُقُونَ‎ tasluqūna	يَسْلُقُونَ‎ yasluqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَسْلُقُ‎ ʾasluqu	تَسْلُقِينَ‎ tasluqīna	تَسْلُقُ‎ tasluqu	تَسْلُقَانِ‎ tasluqāni	تَسْلُقَانِ‎ tasluqāni	نَسْلُقُ‎ nasluqu	تَسْلُقْنَ‎ tasluqna	يَسْلُقْنَ‎ yasluqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْلُقَ‎ ʾasluqa	تَسْلُقَ‎ tasluqa	يَسْلُقَ‎ yasluqa	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	يَسْلُقَا‎ yasluqā	نَسْلُقَ‎ nasluqa	تَسْلُقُوا‎ tasluqū	يَسْلُقُوا‎ yasluqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَسْلُقَ‎ ʾasluqa	تَسْلُقِي‎ tasluqī	تَسْلُقَ‎ tasluqa	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	نَسْلُقَ‎ nasluqa	تَسْلُقْنَ‎ tasluqna	يَسْلُقْنَ‎ yasluqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْلُقْ‎ ʾasluq	تَسْلُقْ‎ tasluq	يَسْلُقْ‎ yasluq	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	يَسْلُقَا‎ yasluqā	نَسْلُقْ‎ nasluq	تَسْلُقُوا‎ tasluqū	يَسْلُقُوا‎ yasluqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَسْلُقْ‎ ʾasluq	تَسْلُقِي‎ tasluqī	تَسْلُقْ‎ tasluq	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	تَسْلُقَا‎ tasluqā	نَسْلُقْ‎ nasluq	تَسْلُقْنَ‎ tasluqna	يَسْلُقْنَ‎ yasluqna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْلُقْ‎ usluq		اُسْلُقَا‎ usluqā			اُسْلُقُوا‎ usluqū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُسْلُقِي‎ usluqī		اُسْلُقَا‎ usluqā			اُسْلُقْنَ‎ usluqna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُلِقْتُ‎ suliqtu	سُلِقْتَ‎ suliqta	سُلِقَ suliqa	سُلِقْتُمَا‎ suliqtumā	سُلِقَا‎ suliqā	سُلِقْنَا‎ suliqnā	سُلِقْتُمْ‎ suliqtum	سُلِقُوا‎ suliqū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سُلِقْتُ‎ suliqtu	سُلِقْتِ‎ suliqti	سُلِقَتْ‎ suliqat	سُلِقْتُمَا‎ suliqtumā	سُلِقَتَا‎ suliqatā	سُلِقْنَا‎ suliqnā	سُلِقْتُنَّ‎ suliqtunna	سُلِقْنَ‎ suliqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسْلَقُ‎ ʾuslaqu	تُسْلَقُ‎ tuslaqu	يُسْلَقُ‎ yuslaqu	تُسْلَقَانِ‎ tuslaqāni	يُسْلَقَانِ‎ yuslaqāni	نُسْلَقُ‎ nuslaqu	تُسْلَقُونَ‎ tuslaqūna	يُسْلَقُونَ‎ yuslaqūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسْلَقُ‎ ʾuslaqu	تُسْلَقِينَ‎ tuslaqīna	تُسْلَقُ‎ tuslaqu	تُسْلَقَانِ‎ tuslaqāni	تُسْلَقَانِ‎ tuslaqāni	نُسْلَقُ‎ nuslaqu	تُسْلَقْنَ‎ tuslaqna	يُسْلَقْنَ‎ yuslaqna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسْلَقَ‎ ʾuslaqa	تُسْلَقَ‎ tuslaqa	يُسْلَقَ‎ yuslaqa	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	يُسْلَقَا‎ yuslaqā	نُسْلَقَ‎ nuslaqa	تُسْلَقُوا‎ tuslaqū	يُسْلَقُوا‎ yuslaqū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسْلَقَ‎ ʾuslaqa	تُسْلَقِي‎ tuslaqī	تُسْلَقَ‎ tuslaqa	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	نُسْلَقَ‎ nuslaqa	تُسْلَقْنَ‎ tuslaqna	يُسْلَقْنَ‎ yuslaqna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسْلَقْ‎ ʾuslaq	تُسْلَقْ‎ tuslaq	يُسْلَقْ‎ yuslaq	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	يُسْلَقَا‎ yuslaqā	نُسْلَقْ‎ nuslaq	تُسْلَقُوا‎ tuslaqū	يُسْلَقُوا‎ yuslaqū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسْلَقْ‎ ʾuslaq	تُسْلَقِي‎ tuslaqī	تُسْلَقْ‎ tuslaq	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	تُسْلَقَا‎ tuslaqā	نُسْلَقْ‎ nuslaq	تُسْلَقْنَ‎ tuslaqna	يُسْلَقْنَ‎ yuslaqna

Noun

سَلْق • (salq) m

verbal noun of سَلَقَ (salaqa) (form I)
- a. 1222, نجيب الدين السمرقندي [ʿNajīb ad-Dīn as-Samarqandīy], Juliane Müller, editor, كتاب الأغذية والأشربة [kitāb al-ʾaḡdiya wa-l-ʾǎšriba] (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 101)‎, Leiden: Brill, published 2017, →ISBN, page 166:
  ‏وأمّا الغَوشَنة فهي قريبة من الكمأة باردة رطبة وهي أقلّ بردًا وأصلح، وفيها بورقية وملوحة تفارقها عند السلق ويصلحها السلق. وليس له من الغلظ واللزوجة ورداءة الخلط ما الكمأة وهي تؤكل بالحموضات ولَذَّته كلَذَّة الغضاريف.‎‎
  In what bespeaks the morel, it is near truffles, cold and wet, and in it less cold and more healthy, and it has a basicity and acidity that parts it on seething, so seething betters it. And it hasn’t the coarseness and stickiness and badness for the humour which a truffle has and it is eaten with sour things and its sensory delectability is like the sensory delectability of cartilage.

Declension

Declension of noun سَلْق (salq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَلْق salq	السَّلْق‎ as-salq	سَلْق salq
Nominative	سَلْقٌ salqun	السَّلْقُ‎ as-salqu	سَلْقُ salqu
Accusative	سَلْقًا‎ salqan	السَّلْقَ‎ as-salqa	سَلْقَ salqa
Genitive	سَلْقٍ salqin	السَّلْقِ‎ as-salqi	سَلْقِ salqi

Etymology 2

From Classical Syriac ܣܠܩܐ‎ (silqā, selqā), from Aramaic סילקא‎, ultimately from Ancient Greek σικελικόν (sikelikón, literally “the Sicilian one”); cognate with Neo-Babylonian 𒌑𒋛𒅋𒋡 (/silqu/) itself a loan word from Aramaic, also a doublet of شَلْجَم‎ (šaljam) through an Iranian loan.

Noun

سِلْق • (silq) m

chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)
Hypernyms: بَنْجَر‎ (banjar), شَمَنْدَر‎ (šamandar)

Declension

Declension of noun سِلْق (silq)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِلْق silq	السِّلْق‎ as-silq	سِلْق silq
Nominative	سِلْقٌ silqun	السِّلْقُ‎ as-silqu	سِلْقُ silqu
Accusative	سِلْقًا‎ silqan	السِّلْقَ‎ as-silqa	سِلْقَ silqa
Genitive	سِلْقٍ silqin	السِّلْقِ‎ as-silqi	سِلْقِ silqi

Descendants

→ Middle Armenian: սիլխ (silx)
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: silq, silk
→ Central Kurdish: سڵق‎ (sillq)
→ Southern Kurdish: سڵق‎ (sillq), زڵق‎ (zillq)
Spanish: acelga
Portuguese: acelga
Galician: acelga

References

“سلق” in Almaany
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
Freytag, Georg (1833), “سلق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 344
Lane, Edward William (1863), “سلق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1409–1410
Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 346–352
Margoliouth, David Samuel (1939), “Some Additions to Professor Jeffery’s Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾan”, in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, issue 1, DOI:10.2307/25201836, pages 60–61
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “سلق”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 589
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 58

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س ل ق‎

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَقَ‎ (salaqa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa.laʔ/, [ˈsa.laʔ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

سلق • (salaʔ) (form I, present بسلق‎ (bosloʔ))

to boil (something solid)
Synonyms: (liquid) غلى‎ (ḡala), فوّر‎ (fawwar)

Conjugation

Conjugation of سلق (salaʔ)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	سلقت (salaʔt)	سلقت (salaʔt)	سلق (salaʔ)	سلقنا (salaʔna)	سلقتو (salaʔtu)	سلقو (salaʔu)
past	f	سلقت (salaʔt)	سلقتي (salaʔti)	سلقت (salʔat)	سلقنا (salaʔna)	سلقتو (salaʔtu)	سلقو (salaʔu)
present	m	بسلق (basloʔ)	بتسلق (btosloʔ)	بسلق (bosloʔ)	منسلق (mnosloʔ)	بتسلقو (btosloʔu)	بسلقو (bosloʔu)
present	f	بسلق (basloʔ)	بتسلقي (btosloʔi)	بتسلق (btosloʔ)	منسلق (mnosloʔ)	بتسلقو (btosloʔu)	بسلقو (bosloʔu)
subjunctive	m	أسلق (ʔasloʔ)	تسلق (tosloʔ)	يسلق (yosloʔ)	نسلق (nosloʔ)	تسلقو (tosloʔu)	يسلقو (yosloʔu)
subjunctive	f	أسلق (ʔasloʔ)	تسلقي (tosloʔi)	تسلق (tosloʔ)	نسلق (nosloʔ)	تسلقو (tosloʔu)	يسلقو (yosloʔu)
imperative	m		اسلق (osloʔ)			اسلقو (osloʔu)
imperative	f		اسلقي (osloʔi)			اسلقو (osloʔu)