سفید
Persian
Alternative forms
- سپید (sapêd) (literary, poetic)
- اسپید (espêd) (poetic, dialectal)[1]
- اسفید (esfid), اسبید (esbêd)[2][3]
Etymology
From earlier سپید (sapêd), from Middle Persian spyt' (spēd, “white”), from Proto-Iranian *cwaytáh (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás (compare Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”) (compare Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ), Old English hwīt (“white”)).
Borrowed from Iranian: Old Armenian սպիտակ (spitak), սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit); Old Georgian სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi), სპეტი (sṗeṭi), Georgian სუფთა (supta), Arabic سِبِيدَاج (sibīdāj), Ottoman Turkish اوستبج (üstübec), استوبج (üstübec).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /safeːð/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /safeːd/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /sefiːd/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /safed/
Adjective
Dari | سفید |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | сафед (safed) |
سفید • (sefid)
- white
- fair
- pale
- clear
Derived terms
- سفیدی
- سفیدک
- سفیده
Descendants
- → Assamese: চফেদ (sophed), ছফেদ (sophed)
- → Bengali: সফেদ (sôphed)
- → Gujarati: સફેદ (saphed)
- → Hindustani: safed
- Hindi: सफ़ेद
- Urdu: سفید
- → Maithili: saphēd
- Devanagari: सफेद
- Tirhuta: 𑒮𑒤𑒹𑒠
- → Marathi: सफेद (saphed)
- → Marwari: सफेद (saphed)
- → Oriya: ସଫେଦ (sôphedô)
- → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
- Shahmukhi: سَفَید (safaid)
- Punjabi:
- → Sindhi:
- Arabic: سُفيدُ
- Devanagari: सुफ़ेदु
See also
سفید (sefid) | خاکستری (xâkestari), توسی (tusi) | سیاه (siyâh), مشکی (meški) |
سرخ (sorx), قرمز (qermez); زرشکی (zereški) | نارنجی (nârenji); قهوهای (qahve'i), بور (bur) | زرد (zard); كرم (kerem) |
سبز لیمویی (sabz-e limuyi) | سبز (sabz) | |
آبى دريايى (âbi-ye daryâyi); سبز دودى (sabz-e dudi), فیروزهای (firuze-i) | لاجوردى (lâjvardi) | آبی (âbi), سرمهای (sorme'i) |
بنفش (banafš); نيلى (nili) | سرخابى (sorxâbi); ارغوانی (arğavâni) | صورتى (surati) |
References
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسپید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسفید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “اسبید”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “սպիտակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 264–265
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 708, page 157
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 240
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “spēd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سفید (safed).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.feːd̪/
Adjective
سفید • (safed) (Hindi spelling सफ़ेद)
- white
- clean
- blank
Synonyms
- اجلا (ujlā)
- ابیض (abyaz)
Derived terms
- سفیدہ (safēdā)
- سفیدی (safēdī)
See also
سفید (safed), ابیض (abyaz) | سرمئی (sarmaī), خاکستری (xākistarī), دھوسر (dhūsar) | کالا (kālā), سیاہ (siyāh), اسود (aswad) |
سرخ (surx), لال (lāl), قرمزی (qarmazī), احمر (ahmar) | مالٹائی (mālṭāī), نارنجی (nāranjī), نارنگی (nārangī); بھورا (bhūrā), بادامی (bādāmī), خاکی (xākī), مٹیالا (maṭiālā) | پیلا (pīlā), زرد (zard), اصفر (asfar), بسنتی (basantī) |
پستہ (pistah), انگوری (aṅgūrī), دھانی (dhānī) | سبز (sabz), ہرا (harā) | |
فیروزی (ferozī) | آسمانی (āsmānī), نیلگوں (nīlgū̃), لاجوردی (lājvardī), آبی (ābī), آبگوں (ābgū̃) | نیلا (nīlā), ازرق (azraq) |
نیل (nīl), بنفشی (banafśī), بنفش (banafś) | جامنی (jāmnī), اودا (ūdā), ارغوانی (arġawānī), بیگنی (beganī), بینگنی (benganī), بینجنی (benjanī) | گلابی (gulābī), پیازی (pīāzī) |
Further reading
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “سفيد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
- “سفید”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.