زيتون
See also: زیتون
Arabic
زَيْتُون
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zaj.tuːn/
- Rhymes: -uːn
Etymology 1
Related to زَيْت (zayt, “olive oil”); but the stem extension, unknown in Arabic morphology, directly relates to Aramaic, where -ōnā forms diminutive nouns; developing there the sense of an “olive tree” found for the simplex across Northwest Semitic to what is attested as Classical Mandaic ࡆࡉࡕࡅࡍࡀ (zētōnā, “little olive tree”) and then attaining based on the idea of the fruit being a miniature olive tree the meaning “olive”, as well as retaining the meaning of an olive tree.
Noun
زَيْتُون • (zaytūn) m (collective, singulative زَيْتُونَة f (zaytūna))
- olive (fruit or tree)
Declension
Declension of noun زَيْتُون (zaytūn)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | زَيْتُون zaytūn | الزَّيْتُون az-zaytūn | زَيْتُون zaytūn |
| Nominative | زَيْتُونٌ zaytūnun | الزَّيْتُونُ az-zaytūnu | زَيْتُونُ zaytūnu |
| Accusative | زَيْتُونًا zaytūnan | الزَّيْتُونَ az-zaytūna | زَيْتُونَ zaytūna |
| Genitive | زَيْتُونٍ zaytūnin | الزَّيْتُونِ az-zaytūni | زَيْتُونِ zaytūni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | زَيْتُونَة zaytūna | الزَّيْتُونَة az-zaytūna | زَيْتُونَة zaytūnat |
| Nominative | زَيْتُونَةٌ zaytūnatun | الزَّيْتُونَةُ az-zaytūnatu | زَيْتُونَةُ zaytūnatu |
| Accusative | زَيْتُونَةً zaytūnatan | الزَّيْتُونَةَ az-zaytūnata | زَيْتُونَةَ zaytūnata |
| Genitive | زَيْتُونَةٍ zaytūnatin | الزَّيْتُونَةِ az-zaytūnati | زَيْتُونَةِ zaytūnati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | زَيْتُونَتَيْن zaytūnatayn | الزَّيْتُونَتَيْن az-zaytūnatayn | زَيْتُونَتَيْ zaytūnatay |
| Nominative | زَيْتُونَتَانِ zaytūnatāni | الزَّيْتُونَتَانِ az-zaytūnatāni | زَيْتُونَتَا zaytūnatā |
| Accusative | زَيْتُونَتَيْنِ zaytūnatayni | الزَّيْتُونَتَيْنِ az-zaytūnatayni | زَيْتُونَتَيْ zaytūnatay |
| Genitive | زَيْتُونَتَيْنِ zaytūnatayni | الزَّيْتُونَتَيْنِ az-zaytūnatayni | زَيْتُونَتَيْ zaytūnatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | زَيْتُونَات zaytūnāt | الزَّيْتُونَات az-zaytūnāt | زَيْتُونَات zaytūnāt |
| Nominative | زَيْتُونَاتٌ zaytūnātun | الزَّيْتُونَاتُ az-zaytūnātu | زَيْتُونَاتُ zaytūnātu |
| Accusative | زَيْتُونَاتٍ zaytūnātin | الزَّيْتُونَاتِ az-zaytūnāti | زَيْتُونَاتِ zaytūnāti |
| Genitive | زَيْتُونَاتٍ zaytūnātin | الزَّيْتُونَاتِ az-zaytūnāti | زَيْتُونَاتِ zaytūnāti |
Descendants
Descendants of زيتون in other languages
- → Afar: daytuun
- → Amharic: ዘይቶን (zäyton)
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܙܝܬܘܢܐ (zaytona, zaytúni, “olive”)
- → Armenian: զեյթուն (zeytʿun)
- → Azerbaijani: зејтун, zeytun
- → Bashkir: зәйтүн (zäytün)
- → Bengali: জয়তূন (zôytūn)
- → Crimean Tatar: zeytün, ziytin
- → Ge'ez: ዘይቶን (zäyton), ዘይጦን (zäyṭon)
- → Hausa: zaitun
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज़ैतून (zaitūn)
- Urdu: زیتون (zaitūn)
- → Indonesian: zaitun
- → Kazakh: зәйтүн (zäitün)
- → Lishana Deni: זיתונא (zaytūna)
- → Northern Kurdish: zeytûn
- → Kyrgyz: зайтун (zaytun)
- → Malay: zaitun
- → Ottoman Turkish: زیتون (zeytun), زیتین (zeytin)
- Turkish: zeytin
- → Bulgarian: зехти́н (zehtín, “olive oil”)
- → Macedonian: зејтин (zejtin, “cooking oil”)
- → Serbo-Croatian: зѐјтӣн / zèjtīn (“cooking oil”)
- → Romanian: zăitin – Banat
- → Ubykh: зеиҭын (zejtən)
- → Persian: زیتون (zeytun)
- → Pashto: زيتون m (zaytún)
- → Portuguese: azeitona
- → Spanish: aceituna
- → Swahili: zeituni, zaituni
- → Tajik: зайтун (zaytun)
- → Tatar: зәйтүн (zäytün) / zäytün
- → Tausug: jaytun
- → Turkmen: зейтун / zeýtun
- → Turoyo: ܙܰܝܬܘܢܳܐ (zaytuno, “olive”)
- → Uyghur: زەيتۇن (zeytun)
- → Uzbek: zaytun
- → Zazaki: zeytun
Etymology 2
Phono-semantic matching of Chinese 刺桐 (MC t͡sʰiᴇH duŋ, “coral tree”) in 刺桐城 (MC t͡sʰiᴇH duŋ d͡ʑiᴇŋ, “coral tree town”), an old name for Quanzhou.
Proper noun
زَيْتُون • (zaytūn) m
- (historical geography) Zayton, the medieval trade name of the ports of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian, China.
Declension
Declension of noun زَيْتُون (zaytūn)
| Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | زَيْتُون zaytūn | — |
| Nominative | — | زَيْتُونُ zaytūnu | — |
| Accusative | — | زَيْتُونَ zaytūna | — |
| Genitive | — | زَيْتُونَ zaytūna | — |
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 147
- Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 37
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 294
- Shahîd, Irfan (1989) Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century, Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, pages 249–250
- “zytwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn).
Noun
زيتون • (zētūn) m (collective)
- Alternative form of زتون (zatūn, “olives”)