زوج

See also: روح‎, روج‎, and روچ‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic זוגא‎ (zawgā, “yoke, pair”), from Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke”) which was used in Greek for the yoke of marriage – now it forms a root ز و ج‎ (z-w-j).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/
Audio (file)

Noun

زَوْج • (zawj) m (plural أَزْوَاج‎ (ʾazwāj))

one of a pair
spouse, mate, partner
1. husband
  Synonym: بَعْل‎ (baʿl)
  - 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 58:1:
    ‏قَدْ سَمِعَ ٱللَّٰهُ قَوْلَ ٱلَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِي إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ وَٱللَّٰهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَا إِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ‎
    qad samiʿa llāhu qawla llatī tujādiluka fī zawjihā wataštakī ʾilā llāhi wal-lāhu yasmaʿu taḥāwurakumā ʾinna llāha samīʿun baṣīrun
    God has certainly heard the speech of her who pleads with you about her husband and complains to God. God hears the conversation between the two of you.
2. (feminine) wife
  - 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 20:117:
    ‏فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰ‎
    faqulnā yā ʾādamu ʾinna hāḏā ʿaduwwun llaka walizawjika falā yuḵrijannakumā mina l-jannati fatašqā
    We said, “O Adam! This is indeed an enemy of yours and your mate’s. So do not let him expel you from paradise, or you will be miserable.”
  Synonyms: زَوْجَة‎ (zawja), اِمْرَأَة‎ (imraʾa), قَرِينَة‎ (qarīna)
(often in the dual) a pair or couple
‏هُمَا زَوْجَانِ‎‎
humā zawjāni
They two are a pair or couple.
(now rare) kind, type
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:4-10:
  ‏إِذَا رُجَّتِ الْأَرْضُ رَجًّا وَبُسَّتِ الْجِبَالُ بَسًّا فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُّنْبَثًّا وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَاجًا ثَلَاثَةً فَأَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ وَأَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ مَا أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ وَالسَّابِقُونَ السَّابِقُونَ‎
  When the earth is shaken with convulsion / And the mountains are crushed, crumbling / And become dust dispersing / And ye become of three kinds: Then the companions of the right – what are the companions of the right? And the companions of the left – what are the companions of the left? And the forerunners, the forerunners!

Declension

Declension of noun زَوْج (zawj)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْج zawj	الزَّوْج‎ az-zawj	زَوْج zawj
Nominative	زَوْجٌ zawjun	الزَّوْجُ‎ az-zawju	زَوْجُ zawju
Accusative	زَوْجًا‎ zawjan	الزَّوْجَ‎ az-zawja	زَوْجَ zawja
Genitive	زَوْجٍ zawjin	الزَّوْجِ‎ az-zawji	زَوْجِ zawji
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زَوْجَيْن‎ zawjayn	الزَّوْجَيْن‎ az-zawjayn	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Nominative	زَوْجَانِ‎ zawjāni	الزَّوْجَانِ‎ az-zawjāni	زَوْجَا‎ zawjā
Accusative	زَوْجَيْنِ‎ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ‎ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Genitive	زَوْجَيْنِ‎ zawjayni	الزَّوْجَيْنِ‎ az-zawjayni	زَوْجَيْ‎ zawjay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَزْوَاج‎ ʾazwāj	الْأَزْوَاج‎ al-ʾazwāj	أَزْوَاج‎ ʾazwāj
Nominative	أَزْوَاجٌ‎ ʾazwājun	الْأَزْوَاجُ‎ al-ʾazwāju	أَزْوَاجُ‎ ʾazwāju
Accusative	أَزْوَاجًا‎ ʾazwājan	الْأَزْوَاجَ‎ al-ʾazwāja	أَزْوَاجَ‎ ʾazwāja
Genitive	أَزْوَاجٍ‎ ʾazwājin	الْأَزْوَاجِ‎ al-ʾazwāji	أَزْوَاجِ‎ ʾazwāji

Derived terms

زَوْجَة‎ (zawja, “wife”)
زَوْجِيّ‎ (zawjiyy)

Descendants

Moroccan Arabic: جوج‎
Maltese: żewġ
→ Azerbaijani: zövc
→ Bengali: জওজ (zôuj)
→ Ottoman Turkish: زوج‎ (zevc)
- → Turkish: zevç
→ Persian: زوج‎ (zowj)
→ Uzbek: zavj

Etymology 2

Denominal verb derived from زَوْج‎ (zawj, “pair”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaw.wa.d͡ʒa/

Verb

زَوَّجَ • (zawwaja) II, non-past يُزَوِّجُ‎‎ (yuzawwiju)

(ditransitive) to marry off, to give in marriage
to pair, to couple, to join in pairs
to double, to geminate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

زَوَّجَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَزْوِيج‎ tazwīj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُزَوِّج‎ muzawwij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُزَوَّج‎ muzawwaj
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زَوَّجْتُ‎ zawwajtu	زَوَّجْتَ‎ zawwajta	زَوَّجَ zawwaja	زَوَّجْتُمَا‎ zawwajtumā	زَوَّجَا‎ zawwajā	زَوَّجْنَا‎ zawwajnā	زَوَّجْتُمْ‎ zawwajtum	زَوَّجُوا‎ zawwajū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	زَوَّجْتُ‎ zawwajtu	زَوَّجْتِ‎ zawwajti	زَوَّجَتْ‎ zawwajat	زَوَّجْتُمَا‎ zawwajtumā	زَوَّجَتَا‎ zawwajatā	زَوَّجْنَا‎ zawwajnā	زَوَّجْتُنَّ‎ zawwajtunna	زَوَّجْنَ‎ zawwajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوِّجُ‎ ʾuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُ‎ tuzawwiju	يُزَوِّجُ‎ yuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجَانِ‎ tuzawwijāni	يُزَوِّجَانِ‎ yuzawwijāni	نُزَوِّجُ‎ nuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجُونَ‎ tuzawwijūna	يُزَوِّجُونَ‎ yuzawwijūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُزَوِّجُ‎ ʾuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجِينَ‎ tuzawwijīna	تُزَوِّجُ‎ tuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجَانِ‎ tuzawwijāni	تُزَوِّجَانِ‎ tuzawwijāni	نُزَوِّجُ‎ nuzawwiju	تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوِّجَ‎ ʾuzawwija	تُزَوِّجَ‎ tuzawwija	يُزَوِّجَ‎ yuzawwija	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا‎ yuzawwijā	نُزَوِّجَ‎ nuzawwija	تُزَوِّجُوا‎ tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا‎ yuzawwijū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُزَوِّجَ‎ ʾuzawwija	تُزَوِّجِي‎ tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجَ‎ tuzawwija	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	نُزَوِّجَ‎ nuzawwija	تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوِّجْ‎ ʾuzawwij	تُزَوِّجْ‎ tuzawwij	يُزَوِّجْ‎ yuzawwij	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	يُزَوِّجَا‎ yuzawwijā	نُزَوِّجْ‎ nuzawwij	تُزَوِّجُوا‎ tuzawwijū	يُزَوِّجُوا‎ yuzawwijū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُزَوِّجْ‎ ʾuzawwij	تُزَوِّجِي‎ tuzawwijī	تُزَوِّجْ‎ tuzawwij	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	تُزَوِّجَا‎ tuzawwijā	نُزَوِّجْ‎ nuzawwij	تُزَوِّجْنَ‎ tuzawwijna	يُزَوِّجْنَ‎ yuzawwijna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		زَوِّجْ zawwij		زَوِّجَا‎ zawwijā			زَوِّجُوا‎ zawwijū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		زَوِّجِي‎ zawwijī		زَوِّجَا‎ zawwijā			زَوِّجْنَ‎ zawwijna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	زُوِّجْتُ‎ zuwwijtu	زُوِّجْتَ‎ zuwwijta	زُوِّجَ zuwwija	زُوِّجْتُمَا‎ zuwwijtumā	زُوِّجَا‎ zuwwijā	زُوِّجْنَا‎ zuwwijnā	زُوِّجْتُمْ‎ zuwwijtum	زُوِّجُوا‎ zuwwijū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	زُوِّجْتُ‎ zuwwijtu	زُوِّجْتِ‎ zuwwijti	زُوِّجَتْ‎ zuwwijat	زُوِّجْتُمَا‎ zuwwijtumā	زُوِّجَتَا‎ zuwwijatā	زُوِّجْنَا‎ zuwwijnā	زُوِّجْتُنَّ‎ zuwwijtunna	زُوِّجْنَ‎ zuwwijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُزَوَّجُ‎ ʾuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُ‎ tuzawwaju	يُزَوَّجُ‎ yuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجَانِ‎ tuzawwajāni	يُزَوَّجَانِ‎ yuzawwajāni	نُزَوَّجُ‎ nuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجُونَ‎ tuzawwajūna	يُزَوَّجُونَ‎ yuzawwajūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُزَوَّجُ‎ ʾuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجِينَ‎ tuzawwajīna	تُزَوَّجُ‎ tuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجَانِ‎ tuzawwajāni	تُزَوَّجَانِ‎ tuzawwajāni	نُزَوَّجُ‎ nuzawwaju	تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُزَوَّجَ‎ ʾuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجَ‎ tuzawwaja	يُزَوَّجَ‎ yuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا‎ yuzawwajā	نُزَوَّجَ‎ nuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجُوا‎ tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا‎ yuzawwajū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُزَوَّجَ‎ ʾuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجِي‎ tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجَ‎ tuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	نُزَوَّجَ‎ nuzawwaja	تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُزَوَّجْ‎ ʾuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجْ‎ tuzawwaj	يُزَوَّجْ‎ yuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	يُزَوَّجَا‎ yuzawwajā	نُزَوَّجْ‎ nuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجُوا‎ tuzawwajū	يُزَوَّجُوا‎ yuzawwajū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُزَوَّجْ‎ ʾuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجِي‎ tuzawwajī	تُزَوَّجْ‎ tuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	تُزَوَّجَا‎ tuzawwajā	نُزَوَّجْ‎ nuzawwaj	تُزَوَّجْنَ‎ tuzawwajna	يُزَوَّجْنَ‎ yuzawwajna

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 106
Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 303
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 154–155
Wehr, Hans (1979), “زوج”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Lane, Edward William (1863), “زوج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic زَوْج‎ (zawj). Doublet of ‎ (joğ, juğ, “yoke”), also related to ‎ (joft).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

(Dari): IPA^(key): /zawd͡ʒ/

(Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /zowd͡ʒ/
(Tajik): IPA^(key): /zavd͡ʒ/

Noun

Iranian Persian	زوج
Dari	زوج
Tajik	завҷ (zavj)

زوج • (zowj)

couple, pair
Synonym: جُفت‎ (joft)
spouse, mate, partner
Synonym: هَمسَر‎ (hamsar)
even number
Antonym: فَرد‎ (fard)
(of days of the week) of which the Persian-language name begins with an even number
Hyponyms: شَنبه‎ (šanbe, “Saturday”), دوشَنبه‎ (došanbe, “Monday”), چَهارشَنبه‎ (čahâršambe, “Wednesday”)
Antonym: فَرد‎ (fard)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ز و ج‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic زَوَّجَ‎ (zawwaja).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zaw.waʒ/, [ˈzaw.waʒ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

زوّج • (zawwaj) (form II, present بزوّج‎ (bizawwej))

(transitive) to marry
Synonym: أهّل‎ (ʔahhal)

Conjugation

Conjugation of زوّج (zawwaj)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّج (zawwaj)	زوّجنا (zawwajna)	زوّجتو (zawwajtu)	زوّجو (zawwaju)
past	f	زوّجت (zawwajt)	زوّجتي (zawwajti)	زوّجت (zawwajat)	زوّجنا (zawwajna)	زوّجتو (zawwajtu)	زوّجو (zawwaju)
present	m	بزوّج (bazawwej)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)	بزوّج (bizawwej)	منزوّج (minzawwej)	بتزوّجو (bitzawwju)	بزوّجو (bizawwju)
present	f	بزوّج (bazawwej)	بتزوّجي (bitzawwji)	بتزوّج (bitzawwej)	منزوّج (minzawwej)	بتزوّجو (bitzawwju)	بزوّجو (bizawwju)
subjunctive	m	ازوّج (azawwej)	تزوّج (tzawwej)	يزوّج (yzawwej)	نزوّج (nzawwej)	تزوّجو (tzawwju)	يزوّجو (yzawwju)
subjunctive	f	ازوّج (azawwej)	تزوّجي (tzawwji)	تزوّج (tzawwej)	نزوّج (nzawwej)	تزوّجو (tzawwju)	يزوّجو (yzawwju)
imperative	m		زوّج (zawwej)			زوّجو (zawwju)
imperative	f		زوّجي (zawwji)			زوّجو (zawwju)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Arabic زَوْج‎ (zawj).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zoːʒ/, [zoːʒ]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

زوج • (zōj) m (plural أزواج‎ (ʔazwāj), feminine زوجة‎ (zōje))

couple
husband
Synonym: جوز‎ (jōz)