زعفران
See also: زغفران
Arabic
Etymology
A Middle Iranian borrowing, akin to Persian جعفری (ja'fari, “parsley”)
Noun
زَعْفَرَان • (zaʕfarān) m
- saffron
Declension
Declension of noun زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān | الزَّعْفَرَان az-zaʕfarān | زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān |
| Nominative | زَعْفَرَانٌ zaʕfarānun | الزَّعْفَرَانُ az-zaʕfarānu | زَعْفَرَانُ zaʕfarānu |
| Accusative | زَعْفَرَانًا zaʕfarānan | الزَّعْفَرَانَ az-zaʕfarāna | زَعْفَرَانَ zaʕfarāna |
| Genitive | زَعْفَرَانٍ zaʕfarānin | الزَّعْفَرَانِ az-zaʕfarāni | زَعْفَرَانِ zaʕfarāni |
Descendants
- Maltese: żagħfran
- Moroccan Arabic: زعفران (zaʕfrān)
- Andalusian Arabic: زَعْفَرَان (zaʿfarān) (from the definite form الزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʿfarān))
- → Asturian: azafrán
- → Galician: azafrán
- → Portuguese: açafrão
- → Spanish: azafrán
- Borrowings
- → Middle Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran), զափրան (zapʿran), զաւհրան (zawhran)
- Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran)
- → Italian: zafferano
- → Medieval Latin: safranum
- Gallo-Italic
- → Ligurian: safran
- → Piedmontese: safran
- → Old French: safran (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Occitan:
- Catalan: safrà
- Occitan: safran
- Gallo-Italic
- → Ottoman Turkish: زعفران (zaʼferan), زغفران (zağferan, zagferan), صفران (safran)
- Gagauz: şafran
- Turkish: safran
- → Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
- → Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ша̀фран
- Latin: šàfran
- → Persian: زعفران (zaʻferân) (see there for further descendants)
- → Swahili: zafarani
Unsorted borrowings
- → Albanian: shafran
- → Czech: šafrán
- → Danish: safran
- → Estonian: safran
- → Faroese: safran
- → Icelandic: saffran
- → Hebrew: זעפרן (z'afrán)
- → Hungarian: sáfrány
- → Latvian: safrāns
- → Lithuanian: šafranas, šafronas
- → Norwegian: safran
- → Polish: szafran
- → Romanian: șofran
- → Slovak: šafran
- → Slovene: žafran
- → Swedish: saffran
References
- Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN
Baluchi
Noun
زعفران • (transliteration needed)
- saffron
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- زغفران (zağferan, zagferan), صفران (safran)
Etymology
From Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zɑʔfɛˈɾɑn/
Noun
زعفران • (zaʼferan)
- saffron
- 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:
- طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .
- tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.
- The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.
-
Descendants
- Gagauz: şafran
- Turkish: safran
- → Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
- → Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ша̀фран
- Latin: šàfran
References
- Meyer, Gustav (1892), “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 9, makes the claim that صفران (safran) is an Europeanized variant, but the variation is native Turkish, see Azerbaijani zəngin.
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “زعفران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 644b
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “safran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük, phantasizes the variation with ص (ṣ) to have been present in Arabic, citing Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, which is known as unseriös (Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13) (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 9 (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 1997/1)).
Pashto
Noun
زعفران • (za'farā́n) m
- saffron
References
- “زعفران”, in Pashto Dictionary (in English), Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Noun
زعفران • (za'ferân)
- saffron
Derived terms
- زعفرانی (za'ferâni, “saffrony”)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: zəfəran
- → Georgian: ზაფარან (zaparan) – Ingilo
- → Bengali: জাফরান (japhôran)
- → Georgian: ზაფარანი (zaparani) – Fereydan
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज़ाफ़रान (zāfrān)
- Urdu: زعفران (zāfrān)
- → Sindhi: زعفران
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian زعفران (za'frān), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Noun
زعفران • (zāfrān) f (Hindi spelling ज़ाफ़रान)
- saffron