ريحان
See also: ریحان
Arabic
FWOTD – 6 January 2022
رَيْحَان – Ocimum basilicum
رَيْحَان - Myrtus communis
Etymology
رِيح (rīḥ, “scent, odor”) + ـَان (-ān). Judging by the form and early meaning, Löw and Nöldeke opt for a borrowing from Aramaic ריחא / ܪܝܚܐ (rēḥā), which is widely used in the plural, ריחני / ܪ̈ܝܚ̈ܢܐ (rēḥānē) in the construct state, for various aromatics.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raj.ħaːn/
Noun
رَيْحَان • (rayḥān) m (collective, singulative رَيْحَانَة f (rayḥāna), plural رَيَاحِين (rayāḥīn))
- (now literary, often in the plural) fragrant plant, aromatic herb
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:10-12:
- وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ / فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَٱلنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ ٱلْأَكْمَامِ / وَٱلْحَبُّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْفِ وَٱلرَّيْحَانُ
- wal-ʾarḍa waḍaʿahā lilʾanāmi / fīhā fākihatun wan-naḵlu ḏātu l-ʾakmāmi / wal-ḥabbu ḏū l-ʿaṣfi war-rayḥānu
- And the earth has He spread out for all living beings, with fruit thereon, and palm trees with sheathed clusters [of dates], and grain growing tall on its stalks, and sweet-smelling plants.
-
- basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)
- a. 1283, Abū Yahyā Zakariyāʾ ibn Muhammad al-Qazwīnīy, Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, editor, عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات [ʿajāʾib al-maḵlūqāt wa-ḡarāʾib al-mawjūdāt], Göttingen: Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, published 1849, pages 284–285:
- Synonym: حَبَق (ḥabaq)
-
- (al-Andalus, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Cyprus) myrtle (Myrtus gen. et spp.)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 29, Art. 15, pages 383–384:
- والكتم قال أبو الخير هو ثلاثة أنواع منها ما له ورق عريض مثل ورق الآس الذي ينبت في الشعرى وهو يعلو كثيرا ويأخذ من التدويح وورقه مشرفة مثل تشريف المنشار ومنه نوع آخر له ورق دون الأول في العرض وتعظم شجرته أيضا وله حب في قدر حب الفلفل والريحان ويعتصر منه دهن يستصبح به ونوع آخر له ورق طويل دقيق مثل ورق المسان وقيل إن مما جرب فصح إنه إن سقى من عصارة ورقه ثمانية دراهم لمن عضه الكلب فإنه يبرئ في ذلك اليوم ويخلص بإذن الله تعالى وأن فزع من الماء فإنه يبرئ والكتم هو شبيه للحناء ويجفف ورقه ويدق نعما ويخلط بالحناء وخضب به الشعر.
- About the mock privet says Abū al-Ḵayr that there are three kinds of it: The first has wide leaves similar to the leaves of the myrtle which grows in the maquis and it becomes very high and swollen and its leaves are humped like a saw, the second has leaves of lesser width but its tree is also poddy and its seeds are of the size of the seeds of peppers and myrtles and from them one can press oil for lighting, and another kind has long delicate leaves like sandpaper and it is said if someone is affected by scabies then he will regain health, that if he whom a dog has bitten drinks eight dirhem from the extract of its leaves he will becomes free from the ailment the same day and cleansed of it if God is gracious; so that he will fear water but he will be free of the pest. Mock privet is similar to henna and one dries its leaves and crushes them well and mixes with henna and dyes the hair with it.
- Synonyms: آس (ʾās), مَرْسِين (marsīn), هَدَس (hadas), قُمَام (qumām)
-
Declension
Declension of noun رَيْحَان (rayḥān)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَيْحَان rayḥān | الرَّيْحَان ar-rayḥān | رَيْحَان rayḥān |
| Nominative | رَيْحَانٌ rayḥānun | الرَّيْحَانُ ar-rayḥānu | رَيْحَانُ rayḥānu |
| Accusative | رَيْحَانًا rayḥānan | الرَّيْحَانَ ar-rayḥāna | رَيْحَانَ rayḥāna |
| Genitive | رَيْحَانٍ rayḥānin | الرَّيْحَانِ ar-rayḥāni | رَيْحَانِ rayḥāni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَيْحَانَة rayḥāna | الرَّيْحَانَة ar-rayḥāna | رَيْحَانَة rayḥānat |
| Nominative | رَيْحَانَةٌ rayḥānatun | الرَّيْحَانَةُ ar-rayḥānatu | رَيْحَانَةُ rayḥānatu |
| Accusative | رَيْحَانَةً rayḥānatan | الرَّيْحَانَةَ ar-rayḥānata | رَيْحَانَةَ rayḥānata |
| Genitive | رَيْحَانَةٍ rayḥānatin | الرَّيْحَانَةِ ar-rayḥānati | رَيْحَانَةِ rayḥānati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | رَيْحَانَتَيْن rayḥānatayn | الرَّيْحَانَتَيْن ar-rayḥānatayn | رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay |
| Nominative | رَيْحَانَتَانِ rayḥānatāni | الرَّيْحَانَتَانِ ar-rayḥānatāni | رَيْحَانَتَا rayḥānatā |
| Accusative | رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ rayḥānatayni | الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ ar-rayḥānatayni | رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay |
| Genitive | رَيْحَانَتَيْنِ rayḥānatayni | الرَّيْحَانَتَيْنِ ar-rayḥānatayni | رَيْحَانَتَيْ rayḥānatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَيْحَانَات rayḥānāt | الرَّيْحَانَات ar-rayḥānāt | رَيْحَانَات rayḥānāt |
| Nominative | رَيْحَانَاتٌ rayḥānātun | الرَّيْحَانَاتُ ar-rayḥānātu | رَيْحَانَاتُ rayḥānātu |
| Accusative | رَيْحَانَاتٍ rayḥānātin | الرَّيْحَانَاتِ ar-rayḥānāti | رَيْحَانَاتِ rayḥānāti |
| Genitive | رَيْحَانَاتٍ rayḥānātin | الرَّيْحَانَاتِ ar-rayḥānāti | رَيْحَانَاتِ rayḥānāti |
| Plural of variety | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَيَاحِين rayāḥīn | الرَّيَاحِين ar-rayāḥīn | رَيَاحِين rayāḥīn |
| Nominative | رَيَاحِينُ rayāḥīnu | الرَّيَاحِينُ ar-rayāḥīnu | رَيَاحِينُ rayāḥīnu |
| Accusative | رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna | الرَّيَاحِينَ ar-rayāḥīna | رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna |
| Genitive | رَيَاحِينَ rayāḥīna | الرَّيَاحِينِ ar-rayāḥīni | رَيَاحِينِ rayāḥīni |
Descendants
- Maltese: riħan
- → Middle Armenian: ռահան (ṙahan), ըռահան (əṙahan), ռէհան (ṙēhan)
- Armenian: ռեհան (ṙehan), ռէհան (ṙēhan); րէ՛հան (rḗhan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռահան (əṙahan); ռա̈՛հա̈ն (ṙä́hän); ռըհա̈ն (ṙəhän); ըռըհա (əṙəha); ըռհան (əṙhan); ըռհա̈ն (əṙhän); ռէյհան (ṙēyhan); ըռեյին (əṙeyin); րա̈հա̈ն (rähän); ըռահօն (əṙahōn), ըռահոն (əṙahon); ըռռիհուն (əṙṙihun)
- → Udi: ираьгьаьн (irähän)
- Armenian: ռեհան (ṙehan), ռէհան (ṙēhan); րէ՛հան (rḗhan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռեհան (əṙehan); ըռահան (əṙahan); ռա̈՛հա̈ն (ṙä́hän); ռըհա̈ն (ṙəhän); ըռըհա (əṙəha); ըռհան (əṙhan); ըռհա̈ն (əṙhän); ռէյհան (ṙēyhan); ըռեյին (əṙeyin); րա̈հա̈ն (rähän); ըռահօն (əṙahōn), ըռահոն (əṙahon); ըռռիհուն (əṙṙihun)
- → Azerbaijani: reyhan
- → Bashkir: райхан (rayxan)
- → Georgian: რეჰანი (rehani)
- → Hebrew: רֵיחָן (rēḥā́n)
- → Kazakh: райхан (raixan)
- → Russian: райха́н (rajxán)
- → Ukrainian: райха́н (rajxán)
- → Northern Kurdish: riḧan, rihan, rehan, reyhan, rêhan, rêhane
- → Persian: ریحان (reyhân; Reyhân), ریاحین pl (rayâhin), ریحانه (Reyhâne)
- Tajik: райҳон (rayhon)
- → Uzbek: rayxon
- Tajik: райҳон (rayhon)
- → Somali: reexaan
- → Spanish: arrayán
- → Swahili: mrehani
- → Tatar: рәйхан (räyxan)
- → Tigre: ርሓን (rəḥan)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ریحان (reyhan; Reyhan), ریاحین pl (reyahin)
- Turkish: reyhan
- → Turkmen: reýhan
References
- Ascherson, Paul (1881), “Die aus dem mittlern Nordafrika, dem Gebiete der Rohlfs’schen Expedition nach Kufra bekannt gewordenen Pflanzen”, in Kufra. Reise von Tripolis nach der Oase Kufra, ausgeführt im Auftrage der afrikanischen Gesellschaft in Deutschland, Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, page 477
- Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, pages 565–566
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ريحان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 567a
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 80
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “ريحان”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 207
- Jacob, Georg (1892) Studien in arabischen Geographen (in German), volume 4, Berlin: Meyer & Müller, page 163–164
Hijazi Arabic
ريحان
Etymology
From Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /reː.ħaːn/, /riː.ħaːn/
Noun
ريحان • (rēḥān or rīḥān) m (plural رياحين (rayāḥīn))
- basil
See also
- حَبَق (ḥabag, “Ocimum (taxonomic plant genus)”)
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /riː.ħaːn/
Audio (file)
Noun
ريحان • (rīḥān) m
- myrtle
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic رَيْحَان (rayḥān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /riː.ħaːn/, [riˈħæːn]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Noun
ريحان • (rīḥān) m
- basil