رد

رد

See also: زد‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ر د د‎ (r-d-d).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rad.da/

Verb

رَدَّ • (radda) I, non-past يَرُدُّ‎‎ (yaruddu)

1. (transitive) to return, bring back
2. to reply, to answer, to respond
3. to repel
4. to resist
5. to refuse
6. to reject
7. to restrain, to keep (someone مِن‎ (min) something)
8. to refute
9. to dissuade
10. to reinstate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

رَدَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَدّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَدّ radd
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَادّ‎ rādd
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْدُود‎ mardūd
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَدَدْتُ‎ radadtu	رَدَدْتَ‎ radadta	رَدَّ radda		رَدَدْتُمَا‎ radadtumā	رَدَّا‎ raddā		رَدَدْنَا‎ radadnā	رَدَدْتُمْ‎ radadtum	رَدُّوا‎ raddū
	f		رَدَدْتِ‎ radadti	رَدَّتْ‎ raddat			رَدَّتَا‎ raddatā			رَدَدْتُنَّ‎ radadtunna	رَدَدْنَ‎ radadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُدُّ‎ ʾaruddu	تَرُدُّ‎ taruddu	يَرُدُّ‎ yaruddu		تَرُدَّانِ‎ taruddāni	يَرُدَّانِ‎ yaruddāni		نَرُدُّ‎ naruddu	تَرُدُّونَ‎ taruddūna	يَرُدُّونَ‎ yaruddūna
	f		تَرُدِّينَ‎ taruddīna	تَرُدُّ‎ taruddu			تَرُدَّانِ‎ taruddāni			تَرْدُدْنَ‎ tardudna	يَرْدُدْنَ‎ yardudna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُدَّ‎ ʾarudda	تَرُدَّ‎ tarudda	يَرُدَّ‎ yarudda		تَرُدَّا‎ taruddā	يَرُدَّا‎ yaruddā		نَرُدَّ‎ narudda	تَرُدُّوا‎ taruddū	يَرُدُّوا‎ yaruddū
	f		تَرُدِّي‎ taruddī	تَرُدَّ‎ tarudda			تَرُدَّا‎ taruddā			تَرْدُدْنَ‎ tardudna	يَرْدُدْنَ‎ yardudna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُدَّ‎ or أَرُدِّ‎ or أَرْدُدْ‎ ʾarudda or ʾaruddi or ʾardud	تَرُدَّ‎ or تَرُدِّ‎ or تَرْدُدْ‎ tarudda or taruddi or tardud	يَرُدَّ‎ or يَرُدِّ‎ or يَرْدُدْ‎ yarudda or yaruddi or yardud		تَرُدَّا‎ taruddā	يَرُدَّا‎ yaruddā		نَرُدَّ‎ or نَرُدِّ‎ or نَرْدُدْ‎ narudda or naruddi or nardud	تَرُدُّوا‎ taruddū	يَرُدُّوا‎ yaruddū
	f		تَرُدِّي‎ taruddī	تَرُدَّ‎ or تَرُدِّ‎ or تَرْدُدْ‎ tarudda or taruddi or tardud			تَرُدَّا‎ taruddā			تَرْدُدْنَ‎ tardudna	يَرْدُدْنَ‎ yardudna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُدَّ or رُدِّ or اُرْدُدْ‎ rudda or ruddi or urdud			رُدَّا‎ ruddā				رُدُّوا‎ ruddū
	f		رُدِّي‎ ruddī							اُرْدُدْنَ‎ urdudna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُدِدْتُ‎ rudidtu	رُدِدْتَ‎ rudidta	رُدَّ rudda		رُدِدْتُمَا‎ rudidtumā	رُدَّا‎ ruddā		رُدِدْنَا‎ rudidnā	رُدِدْتُمْ‎ rudidtum	رُدُّوا‎ ruddū
	f		رُدِدْتِ‎ rudidti	رُدَّتْ‎ ruddat			رُدَّتَا‎ ruddatā			رُدِدْتُنَّ‎ rudidtunna	رُدِدْنَ‎ rudidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَدُّ‎ ʾuraddu	تُرَدُّ‎ turaddu	يُرَدُّ‎ yuraddu		تُرَدَّانِ‎ turaddāni	يُرَدَّانِ‎ yuraddāni		نُرَدُّ‎ nuraddu	تُرَدُّونَ‎ turaddūna	يُرَدُّونَ‎ yuraddūna
	f		تُرَدِّينَ‎ turaddīna	تُرَدُّ‎ turaddu			تُرَدَّانِ‎ turaddāni			تُرْدَدْنَ‎ turdadna	يُرْدَدْنَ‎ yurdadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَدَّ‎ ʾuradda	تُرَدَّ‎ turadda	يُرَدَّ‎ yuradda		تُرَدَّا‎ turaddā	يُرَدَّا‎ yuraddā		نُرَدَّ‎ nuradda	تُرَدُّوا‎ turaddū	يُرَدُّوا‎ yuraddū
	f		تُرَدِّي‎ turaddī	تُرَدَّ‎ turadda			تُرَدَّا‎ turaddā			تُرْدَدْنَ‎ turdadna	يُرْدَدْنَ‎ yurdadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَدَّ‎ or أُرَدِّ‎ or أُرْدَدْ‎ ʾuradda or ʾuraddi or ʾurdad	تُرَدَّ‎ or تُرَدِّ‎ or تُرْدَدْ‎ turadda or turaddi or turdad	يُرَدَّ‎ or يُرَدِّ‎ or يُرْدَدْ‎ yuradda or yuraddi or yurdad		تُرَدَّا‎ turaddā	يُرَدَّا‎ yuraddā		نُرَدَّ‎ or نُرَدِّ‎ or نُرْدَدْ‎ nuradda or nuraddi or nurdad	تُرَدُّوا‎ turaddū	يُرَدُّوا‎ yuraddū
	f		تُرَدِّي‎ turaddī	تُرَدَّ‎ or تُرَدِّ‎ or تُرْدَدْ‎ turadda or turaddi or turdad			تُرَدَّا‎ turaddā			تُرْدَدْنَ‎ turdadna	يُرْدَدْنَ‎ yurdadna

Descendants

• → Swahili: -rudi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /radd/

Noun

رَدّ • (radd) m (plural رُدُود‎ (rudūd))

1. verbal noun of رَدَّ (radda) (form I)
2. refusal
3. repulse
4. refutation
5. hindrance
6. restitution, return
7. reply
8. restoration to a former state

Declension

Declension of noun رَدّ (radd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَدّ radd	الرَّدّ‎ ar-radd	رَدّ radd
Nominative	رَدٌّ raddun	الرَّدُّ‎ ar-raddu	رَدُّ raddu
Accusative	رَدًّا‎ raddan	الرَّدَّ‎ ar-radda	رَدَّ radda
Genitive	رَدٍّ raddin	الرَّدِّ‎ ar-raddi	رَدِّ raddi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَدَّيْن‎ raddayn	الرَّدَّيْن‎ ar-raddayn	رَدَّيْ‎ radday
Nominative	رَدَّانِ‎ raddāni	الرَّدَّانِ‎ ar-raddāni	رَدَّا‎ raddā
Accusative	رَدَّيْنِ‎ raddayni	الرَّدَّيْنِ‎ ar-raddayni	رَدَّيْ‎ radday
Genitive	رَدَّيْنِ‎ raddayni	الرَّدَّيْنِ‎ ar-raddayni	رَدَّيْ‎ radday
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُدُود‎ rudūd	الرُّدُود‎ ar-rudūd	رُدُود‎ rudūd
Nominative	رُدُودٌ‎ rudūdun	الرُّدُودُ‎ ar-rudūdu	رُدُودُ‎ rudūdu
Accusative	رُدُودًا‎ rudūdan	الرُّدُودَ‎ ar-rudūda	رُدُودَ‎ rudūda
Genitive	رُدُودٍ‎ rudūdin	الرُّدُودِ‎ ar-rudūdi	رُدُودِ‎ rudūdi

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: رد‎ (red)
  • Turkish: ret
• → Classical Persian: رد‎ (radd) (see there for further descendants)
• → Swahili: rada

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “رد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “رد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun

رَدّ • (radd)

1. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) vomiting
2. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) bad
3. (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) worthless

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “رد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “رد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rid/

Verb

رِدْ • (rid) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of وَرَدَ‎ (warada)

---

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic رَدَّ‎ (radda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑdː/

Verb

رد • (radd) (perfect, imperfect يرد‎ (yirudd), verb form I)

1. (with على‎) to answer, reply (to)

Conjugation

Conjugation of رد (form-I geminate)

verbal noun
active participle				رادد‎ (rādid)
passive participle				مردود‎ (mardūd)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	رديت (raddēt)	رديت (raddēt)	رد‎ (radd)		ردينا (raddēna)	رديتوا (raddētu)	ردوا (raddu)
	f		رديتي (raddēti)	ردت (raddit)
present subjunctive	m	ارد (arudd)	ترد (tirudd)	يرد (yirudd)	نرد (nirudd)	تردوا (tiruddu)	يردوا (yiruddu)
	f		تردي (tiruddi)	ترد (tírudd)
present indicative	m	برد (barudd)	بترد (bitrudd)	بيرد (biyrudd)	بنرد (binrudd)	بتردوا (bitruddu)	بيردوا (biyruddu)
	f		بتردي (bitruddi)	بترد (bitrúdd)
future	m	حرد (ḥarudd)	حترد (ḥatrudd)	حيرد (ḥayrudd)	حنرد (ḥanrudd)	حتردوا (ḥatruddu)	حيردوا (ḥayruddu)
	f		حتردي (ḥatruddi)	حترد (ḥatrudd)
imperative	m		رد (rudd)			ردوا (ruddu)
	f		ردي (ruddi)

---

Gojri

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رد‎ (radd), from Arabic رَدّ‎ (radd).

Adjective

رَد (rad) (indeclinable)

1. refutation, rejection, cancellation

Further reading

• Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 254.
• Javaid Rahi (2015) گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 544, column 1.

---

Gulf Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic رَدَّ‎ (radda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rəd(ː)/ (base verb; noun)
• IPA^(key): /rɪd(ː)/ (imperative verb)

Verb

رد • (rad(d)) (form I, non-past يرد‎ (yrid(d)))

1. to return, to come back
2. to reply, to answer, to respond
3. (transitive) to send back, to return

Noun

رد • (rad(d)) m (plural ردود‎ (r(u)dūd))

1. a response, an answer

Verb

رد • (rid(d))

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of رد (rad(d))

---

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ر د د‎
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic رَدَّ‎ (radda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /radː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

رد • (radd) (form I, non-past يرُد‎ (yrudd) or يرَد‎ (yradd))

1. to reply, to answer, to respond [+ على‎ (object)]
2. to give back
3. (intransitive) to vomit

Conjugation

Conjugation of رد
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ردّيت‎ (raddīt)	ردّيتي‎ (raddīti)	ردّ (radd)		ردّينا‎ (raddīna)	ردّيتوا‎ (raddītu)	ردّوا‎ (raddu)
	f			ردّت‎ (raddāt)
non-past	m	نردّ‎ (nrudd)	تردّ‎ (trudd)	يردّ‎ (yrudd)		نردّوا‎ (nruddu)	تردّوا‎ (truddu)	يردّوا‎ (yruddu)
	f		تردّي‎ (truddi)	تردّ‎ (trudd)
imperative	m		ردّ (rudd)				ردّوا‎ (ruddu)
	f		ردّي‎ (ruddi)

Conjugation of رد
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ردّيت‎ (raddīt)	ردّيتي‎ (raddīti)	ردّ (radd)		ردّينا‎ (raddīna)	ردّيتوا‎ (raddītu)	ردّوا‎ (raddu)
	f			ردّت‎ (raddāt)
non-past	m	نردّ‎ (nradd)	تردّ‎ (tradd)	يردّ‎ (yradd)		نردّوا‎ (nraddu)	تردّوا‎ (traddu)	يردّوا‎ (yraddu)
	f		تردّي‎ (traddi)	تردّ‎ (tradd)
imperative	m		ردّ (radd)				ردّوا‎ (raddu)
	f		ردّي‎ (raddi)

---

Persian

Etymology 1

See راد‎ (râd).

Noun

رد • (rad)

1. (archaic) sage (wise person)
2. an important person in Zoroastrianism

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

رد • (rad)

1. track
2. trace
3. footprint

Derived terms

• رد پا‎ (radd-e pâ)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic رَدّ‎ (radd).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /ɾadd/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /ɾadd/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /ɾædd/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /ɾadd/

Noun

رد • (radd)

1. rejection

Derived terms

• رد کردن‎ (radd kardan)

Descendants

• → Assamese: ৰদ (rod)
• → Azerbaijani: rədd
  • → Armenian: ռադ (ṙad)
• → Middle Bengali: রদ (rada)
  • Bengali: রদ (rôdô)
• → Dhivehi: ރައްދު‎ (raddu)
• → Dogri: radd

  Devanagari: रद्द

  Dogra: 𑠤𑠛𑠹𑠛

• → Gojri: رَد‎ (rad)
• → Gujarati: રદ (rad)
• → Hindustani: radd

  Hindi: रद्द

  Urdu: رَدّ‎

• → Kannada: ರದ್ದು (raddu)
• → Maithili: rad

  Devanagari: रद

  Tirhuta: 𑒩𑒠

• → Malayalam: റദ്ദ് (ṟaddŭ)
• → Malvi: रद्द (radd)
• → Marathi: रद्द (radda)
• → Marwari:

  Devanagari: रद्द (radd)

  Mahajani: 𑅭𑅥𑅥 (rdd)

• → Nepali: रद्द (radda)
• → Oriya: ରଦ୍ଦ (rôddô)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਰੱਦ (radda)

  Shahmukhi: رَدّ‎ (radd)

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic: رَدِ‎

  Devanagari: रदि

  Khudawadi: 𑋙𑋏𑋡 (radi)

• → Tamil: ரத்து (rattu)
• → Telugu: రద్దు (raddu)
• → Varhadi: रद (rad)

---

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ر د د‎

Etymology

From Arabic رَدَّ‎ (radda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rad/, [rad]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

ردّ • (radd) (form I, present بردّ‎ (birodd))

1. to reply, to respond, to answer (+ على‎)

   ‏بسلّم عليه ومابردّ.‎‎

   basallem ʕalēh w-mā birodd.

   I greet him and he doesn't respond.

   ‏ردّ على سؤالي، وين كنت مبارح؟‎‎

   rodd ʕala suʔāli: wēn kunt mbāreḥ?

   Answer my question: Where were you yesterday?

   ‏ردّ عالتلفون.‎‎

   radd ʕal-telfōn.

   He answered the phone.

2. to listen to, to follow (advice, instructions)
3. to obey (+ على‎)

   ‏الولاد لازميردّو على أهلهم.‎‎

   l-ūlād lāzem yroddu ʕala ʔahl-hom.

   Children must do as they are told by their parents.

   (literally, “Children must obey their parents.”)

4. to close

   ‏ردّ الباب بسرعة!‎‎

   rodd il-bāb bsurʕa!

   Close the door quickly!

   Synonym: سكّر‎ (sakkar)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ردّ (radd)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ردّيت (raddēt)	ردّيت (raddēt)	ردّ (radd)		ردّينا (raddēna)	ردّيتو (raddētu)	ردّو (raddu)
	f		ردّيتي (raddēti)	ردّت (raddat)
present	m	بردّ (barodd)	بتردّ (bitrodd)	بردّ (birodd)		منردّ (minrodd)	بتردّو (bitroddu)	بردّو (biroddu)
	f		بتردّي (bitroddi)	بتردّ (bitrodd)
subjunctive	m	اردّ (arodd)	تردّ (trodd)	يردّ (yrodd)		نردّ (nrodd)	تردّو (troddu)	يردّو (yroddu)
	f		تردّي (troddi)	تردّ (trodd)
imperative	m		ردّ (rodd)				ردّو (roddu)
	f		ردّي (roddi)

---

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رد‎ (radd), from Arabic رَدّ‎ (radd).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾəd̪d̪/
• Rhymes: -əd̪d̪

Adjective

رَدّ • (radd) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling रद्द)

1. cancelled, rejected; null and void

Further reading

• “رد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “رد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 590
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “رد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 340
• “رد”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.