خيزران
Arabic
خَيْزُرَان
Etymology
Originally attested in Pre-Islamic poetry, like that of an-Nābighah (c.535–c.604), as being abundant in the land of the Byzantines. Although of uncertain identification, it was a kind of plant with pliable twigs or roots that were deemed desirable for spear-making, later being applied to bamboo. Compare Hebrew חָזַר (chazár, “to return, to bounce back”), Akkadian 𒄑𒋗𒌨 (ḫinzūru, “apple tree, apricot tree”), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎏𐎗 (ḥḏr, “apple tree”), Akkadian 𒆹 (ḫazru, “flooded area, swamp, reed marsh”); perhaps ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒄑 (gidru, “scepter, cane”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xaj.zu.raːn/
Noun
خَيْزُرَان • (ḵayzurān) m (collective, singulative خَيْزُرَانَة f (ḵayzurāna), plural خَيَازِر (ḵayāzir), paucal خَيْزُرَانَات (ḵayzurānāt))
- bamboo, rattan
- reed, cane
- spear, shaft
- any limber or pliable stick
- scepter, a pointer
- oar, a pole used to propel a boat
- rudder, till, tiller, helm of a ship
- (music) reed, pipes
- (figuratively) a beautiful woman; comparably slender and supple
Declension
Declension of noun خَيْزُرَان (ḵayzurān)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān | الْخَيْزُرَان al-ḵayzurān | خَيْزُرَان ḵayzurān |
| Nominative | خَيْزُرَانٌ ḵayzurānun | الْخَيْزُرَانُ al-ḵayzurānu | خَيْزُرَانُ ḵayzurānu |
| Accusative | خَيْزُرَانًا ḵayzurānan | الْخَيْزُرَانَ al-ḵayzurāna | خَيْزُرَانَ ḵayzurāna |
| Genitive | خَيْزُرَانٍ ḵayzurānin | الْخَيْزُرَانِ al-ḵayzurāni | خَيْزُرَانِ ḵayzurāni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurāna | الْخَيْزُرَانَة al-ḵayzurāna | خَيْزُرَانَة ḵayzurānat |
| Nominative | خَيْزُرَانَةٌ ḵayzurānatun | الْخَيْزُرَانَةُ al-ḵayzurānatu | خَيْزُرَانَةُ ḵayzurānatu |
| Accusative | خَيْزُرَانَةً ḵayzurānatan | الْخَيْزُرَانَةَ al-ḵayzurānata | خَيْزُرَانَةَ ḵayzurānata |
| Genitive | خَيْزُرَانَةٍ ḵayzurānatin | الْخَيْزُرَانَةِ al-ḵayzurānati | خَيْزُرَانَةِ ḵayzurānati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْن ḵayzurānatayn | الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْن al-ḵayzurānatayn | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| Nominative | خَيْزُرَانَتَانِ ḵayzurānatāni | الْخَيْزُرَانَتَانِ al-ḵayzurānatāni | خَيْزُرَانَتَا ḵayzurānatā |
| Accusative | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni | الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| Genitive | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ ḵayzurānatayni | الْخَيْزُرَانَتَيْنِ al-ḵayzurānatayni | خَيْزُرَانَتَيْ ḵayzurānatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt | الْخَيْزُرَانَات al-ḵayzurānāt | خَيْزُرَانَات ḵayzurānāt |
| Nominative | خَيْزُرَانَاتٌ ḵayzurānātun | الْخَيْزُرَانَاتُ al-ḵayzurānātu | خَيْزُرَانَاتُ ḵayzurānātu |
| Accusative | خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin | الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti | خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti |
| Genitive | خَيْزُرَانَاتٍ ḵayzurānātin | الْخَيْزُرَانَاتِ al-ḵayzurānāti | خَيْزُرَانَاتِ ḵayzurānāti |
| Plural of variety | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خَيَازِر ḵayāzir | الْخَيَازِر al-ḵayāzir | خَيَازِر ḵayāzir |
| Nominative | خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru | الْخَيَازِرُ al-ḵayāziru | خَيَازِرُ ḵayāziru |
| Accusative | خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira | الْخَيَازِرَ al-ḵayāzira | خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira |
| Genitive | خَيَازِرَ ḵayāzira | الْخَيَازِرِ al-ḵayāziri | خَيَازِرِ ḵayāziri |
Descendants
- → Catalan: galzeran
References
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 690–692
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “خيزران”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 332
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “خيزران”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 732
- Olmo Lete, Gregorio del; Sanmartín, Joaquín; Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015), “ḥḏrṯ”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
- Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “ḫinzūru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 117
- Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000), “ḫazru”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 113
- The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary, University of Pennsylvania, 2006