خوف
See also: جوف and خ و ف
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root خ و ف (ḵ-w-f).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xawf/
Audio (file)
Noun
خَوْف • (ḵawf) m
- verbal noun of خَافَ (ḵāfa) (form I)
- fear
Declension
Declension of noun خَوْف (ḵawf)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَوْف ḵawf | الْخَوْف al-ḵawf | خَوْف ḵawf |
Nominative | خَوْفٌ ḵawfun | الْخَوْفُ al-ḵawfu | خَوْفُ ḵawfu |
Accusative | خَوْفًا ḵawfan | الْخَوْفَ al-ḵawfa | خَوْفَ ḵawfa |
Genitive | خَوْفٍ ḵawfin | الْخَوْفِ al-ḵawfi | خَوْفِ ḵawfi |
Descendants
- Gulf Arabic: خوف (ḵōf)
- → Kazakh: қауіп (qauıp)
- → Kyrgyz: кооп (koop)
- → Persian: خوف (xowf)
- → Hindi: ख़ौफ़ (xauf)
- → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੌਫ਼ (xauf)
- → Swahili: hofu
Verb
خَوَّفَ • (ḵawwafa) II, non-past يُخَوِّفُ (yuḵawwifu)
- to frighten
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:175:
- إِنَّمَا ذَٰلِكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ يُخَوِّفُ أَوْلِيَاءَهُ فَلَا تَخَافُوهُمْ وَخَافُونِ إِن كُنْتُم مُؤْمِنِينَ
- ʾinnamā ḏālikumu š-šayṭānu yuḵawwifu ʾawliyāʾahu falā taḵāfūhum waḵāfūni ʾin kuntum muʾminīna
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:60:
- وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا
- wanuḵawwifuhum famā yazīduhum ʾillā ṭuḡyānan kabīran
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
خَوَّفَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَخْوِيف taḵwīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُخَوِّف muḵawwif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُخَوَّف muḵawwaf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | خَوَّفْتُ ḵawwaftu | خَوَّفْتَ ḵawwafta | خَوَّفَ ḵawwafa | خَوَّفْتُمَا ḵawwaftumā | خَوَّفَا ḵawwafā | خَوَّفْنَا ḵawwafnā | خَوَّفْتُمْ ḵawwaftum | خَوَّفُوا ḵawwafū | |||
f | خَوَّفْتِ ḵawwafti | خَوَّفَتْ ḵawwafat | خَوَّفَتَا ḵawwafatā | خَوَّفْتُنَّ ḵawwaftunna | خَوَّفْنَ ḵawwafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُخَوِّفُ ʾuḵawwifu | تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu | يُخَوِّفُ yuḵawwifu | تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni | يُخَوِّفَانِ yuḵawwifāni | نُخَوِّفُ nuḵawwifu | تُخَوِّفُونَ tuḵawwifūna | يُخَوِّفُونَ yuḵawwifūna | |||
f | تُخَوِّفِينَ tuḵawwifīna | تُخَوِّفُ tuḵawwifu | تُخَوِّفَانِ tuḵawwifāni | تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna | يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُخَوِّفَ ʾuḵawwifa | تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa | يُخَوِّفَ yuḵawwifa | تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā | يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā | نُخَوِّفَ nuḵawwifa | تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū | يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū | |||
f | تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī | تُخَوِّفَ tuḵawwifa | تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā | تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna | يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُخَوِّفْ ʾuḵawwif | تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif | يُخَوِّفْ yuḵawwif | تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā | يُخَوِّفَا yuḵawwifā | نُخَوِّفْ nuḵawwif | تُخَوِّفُوا tuḵawwifū | يُخَوِّفُوا yuḵawwifū | |||
f | تُخَوِّفِي tuḵawwifī | تُخَوِّفْ tuḵawwif | تُخَوِّفَا tuḵawwifā | تُخَوِّفْنَ tuḵawwifna | يُخَوِّفْنَ yuḵawwifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | خَوِّفْ ḵawwif | خَوِّفَا ḵawwifā | خَوِّفُوا ḵawwifū | ||||||||
f | خَوِّفِي ḵawwifī | خَوِّفْنَ ḵawwifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | خُوِّفْتُ ḵuwwiftu | خُوِّفْتَ ḵuwwifta | خُوِّفَ ḵuwwifa | خُوِّفْتُمَا ḵuwwiftumā | خُوِّفَا ḵuwwifā | خُوِّفْنَا ḵuwwifnā | خُوِّفْتُمْ ḵuwwiftum | خُوِّفُوا ḵuwwifū | |||
f | خُوِّفْتِ ḵuwwifti | خُوِّفَتْ ḵuwwifat | خُوِّفَتَا ḵuwwifatā | خُوِّفْتُنَّ ḵuwwiftunna | خُوِّفْنَ ḵuwwifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُخَوَّفُ ʾuḵawwafu | تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu | يُخَوَّفُ yuḵawwafu | تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni | يُخَوَّفَانِ yuḵawwafāni | نُخَوَّفُ nuḵawwafu | تُخَوَّفُونَ tuḵawwafūna | يُخَوَّفُونَ yuḵawwafūna | |||
f | تُخَوَّفِينَ tuḵawwafīna | تُخَوَّفُ tuḵawwafu | تُخَوَّفَانِ tuḵawwafāni | تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna | يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُخَوَّفَ ʾuḵawwafa | تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa | يُخَوَّفَ yuḵawwafa | تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā | يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā | نُخَوَّفَ nuḵawwafa | تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū | يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū | |||
f | تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī | تُخَوَّفَ tuḵawwafa | تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā | تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna | يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُخَوَّفْ ʾuḵawwaf | تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf | يُخَوَّفْ yuḵawwaf | تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā | يُخَوَّفَا yuḵawwafā | نُخَوَّفْ nuḵawwaf | تُخَوَّفُوا tuḵawwafū | يُخَوَّفُوا yuḵawwafū | |||
f | تُخَوَّفِي tuḵawwafī | تُخَوَّفْ tuḵawwaf | تُخَوَّفَا tuḵawwafā | تُخَوَّفْنَ tuḵawwafna | يُخَوَّفْنَ yuḵawwafna |
Adjective
خُوَّف • (ḵuwwaf) m pl
- masculine plural of خَائِف (ḵāʾif)
Persian
Etymology
From Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian): IPA(key): /xawf/
- (Dari): IPA(key): /xawf/
- (Iranian Persian): IPA(key): /xowf/
- (Tajik): IPA(key): /xavf/
Noun
Dari | خوف |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хавф (xavf) |
خوف • (xowf) (plural خوفها (xowf-hâ))
- fear
- Synonyms: بیم (bim), تَرس (tars), سَهم (sahm)
Derived terms
- خُوفناک (xowfnâk)
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
خ و ف |
Etymology
From Arabic خَوَّفَ (ḵawwafa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xaw.waf/, [ˈxaw.waf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
خوّف • (ḵawwaf) (form II, present بخوّف (biḵawwef))
- to frighten
Conjugation
Conjugation of خوّف (ḵawwaf) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | خوّفت (ḵawwaft) | خوّفت (ḵawwaft) | خوّف (ḵawwaf) | خوّفنا (ḵawwafna) | خوّفتو (ḵawwaftu) | خوّفو (ḵawwafu) | |
f | خوّفتي (ḵawwafti) | خوّفت (ḵawwafat) | ||||||
present | m | بخوّف (baḵawwef) | بتخوّف (bitḵawwef) | بخوّف (biḵawwef) | منخوّف (minḵawwef) | بتخوّفو (bitḵawwfu) | بخوّفو (biḵawwfu) | |
f | بتخوّفي (bitḵawwfi) | بتخوّف (bitḵawwef) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اخوّف (aḵawwef) | تخوّف (tḵawwef) | يخوّف (yḵawwef) | نخوّف (nḵawwef) | تخوّفو (tḵawwfu) | يخوّفو (yḵawwfu) | |
f | تخوّفي (tḵawwfi) | تخوّف (tḵawwef) | ||||||
imperative | m | خوّف (ḵawwef) | خوّفو (ḵawwfu) | |||||
f | خوّفي (ḵawwfi) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian خَوف (xawf), from Arabic خَوْف (ḵawf).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɔːf/
Noun
خَوف • (xauf) m (Hindi spelling ख़ौफ़)
- fear