خواجه

خواجه

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian خواجه‎ (khâje).

Noun

خواجه • (hoca)

1. teacher
2. professor
3. master
4. hodja

Descendants

• Turkish: hoca
  • → Albanian: hoxhë
  • → English: hodja
  • → Greek: χότζα (chótza)
  • → French: hodja
  • → German: Hodscha
  • → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
  • → Portuguese: hodja
• → Albanian: hoxhë
• → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
• → Hungarian: hodzsa
• → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
  • Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
• → Romanian: hoge
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хоџа

  Latin: hȍdža, Hodžić

• → Slovak: hodža

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Persian

Dari	خواجه
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хоҷа (xoja)

Etymology

Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries.[1][2] Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو‎ (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک‎ (xwʾjyk /xwājīk/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xʷɑːd͡ʒa/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /xɑːd͡ʒa/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /xɒːd͡ʒe/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /xɔd͡ʒa/

Noun

خواجه • (xâje) (plural خواجه‌ها‎ (xâje-hâ) or خواجگان‎ (xâjegân))

1. lord, master, owner
2. (archaic) dignitary, gentleman

   Synonyms: مهتر‎ (mehtar), بزرگ‎ (bozorg), سید‎ (seyyed), آقا‎ (âqâ)

3. (archaic) wealthy man

   Synonyms: مالدار‎ (mâldâr), ثروتمند‎ (servatmand)

4. (archaic) a polite form of address of a man, mister
5. Khwajah, vizier
6. (colloquial, historical) eunuch

   Synonym: اخته‎ (axte)

Derived terms

• حواجه‌زاده‎ (xâje-zâde)
• حواجه‌سرا‎ (xâje-sarâ)
• خواجگی‎ (xâjegi)
• سرخواجه‎ (sar-xâje)

 

Descendants

• Tajik: хоҷа (xoja) / خواجه‎
• → Bengali: খোজা (khoja)
• → Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā)
  • → English: Khoja
• → Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)
  • → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
• → Malay: khoja
  • Indonesian: khoja
• → Punjabi: ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā) / خوجہ‎ (xojā)
• → Sindhi: خوجه‎
• → Turkmen: Hoja
• → Uyghur: خوجا‎ (xoja)
  • → Mandarin: 獲嘉 (huòjiā)
• → Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja
• → Arabic: خَوَاجَة‎ (ḵawāja)
• → Azerbaijani: xoca
• → Bashkir: хужа (xuja)
• → Bengali: খাজা (khaja)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़्वाजा (xvājā)

  Urdu: خواجہ‎ (xājā, xvājā)

• → Punjabi: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā) / خواجہ‎ (xvājā)
• → Sindhi: خواجه‎
• → Ottoman Turkish: خواجه‎ (hâce, hoca)
  • Turkish: hoca
    • → Albanian: hoxhë
    • → English: hodja
    • → Greek: χότζα (chótza)
    • → French: hodja
    • → German: Hodscha
    • → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
    • → Portuguese: hodja
  • → Albanian: hoxhë
  • → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
  • → Hungarian: hodzsa
  • → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
    • Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
  • → Romanian: hoge
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: хоџа

    Latin: hȍdža, Hodžić

  • → Slovak: hodža

References

1. Asatrian, Garnik (2011), “Review: Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik 28) by Claudia A. Ciancaglini”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 15, issue 1/2, page 324
2. Asatrian, Garnik (2012), “Marginal remarks on the history of some Persian words”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 16, issue 1, page 108

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “خواجه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press