خلف
See also: خلق, حلق, جلق, and خ ل ق
Arabic
Root |
---|
خ ل ف (ḵ-l-f) |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חָלַף (ḥɔlap̄, “to move past”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xa.la.fa/
Audio (file)
Verb
خَلَفَ • (ḵalafa) I, non-past يَخْلُفُ (yaḵlufu)
- to succeed, to follow, to come after
- to substitute for
- to replace
- to lag behind
- to stay behind
- to be detained, to stay away
Conjugation
Conjugation of
خَلَفَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun خَلْف)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | خَلْف ḵalf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | خَالِف ḵālif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَخْلُوف maḵlūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | خَلَفْتُ ḵalaftu | خَلَفْتَ ḵalafta | خَلَفَ ḵalafa | خَلَفْتُمَا ḵalaftumā | خَلَفَا ḵalafā | خَلَفْنَا ḵalafnā | خَلَفْتُمْ ḵalaftum | خَلَفُوا ḵalafū | |||
f | خَلَفْتِ ḵalafti | خَلَفَتْ ḵalafat | خَلَفَتَا ḵalafatā | خَلَفْتُنَّ ḵalaftunna | خَلَفْنَ ḵalafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَخْلُفُ ʾaḵlufu | تَخْلُفُ taḵlufu | يَخْلُفُ yaḵlufu | تَخْلُفَانِ taḵlufāni | يَخْلُفَانِ yaḵlufāni | نَخْلُفُ naḵlufu | تَخْلُفُونَ taḵlufūna | يَخْلُفُونَ yaḵlufūna | |||
f | تَخْلُفِينَ taḵlufīna | تَخْلُفُ taḵlufu | تَخْلُفَانِ taḵlufāni | تَخْلُفْنَ taḵlufna | يَخْلُفْنَ yaḵlufna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَخْلُفَ ʾaḵlufa | تَخْلُفَ taḵlufa | يَخْلُفَ yaḵlufa | تَخْلُفَا taḵlufā | يَخْلُفَا yaḵlufā | نَخْلُفَ naḵlufa | تَخْلُفُوا taḵlufū | يَخْلُفُوا yaḵlufū | |||
f | تَخْلُفِي taḵlufī | تَخْلُفَ taḵlufa | تَخْلُفَا taḵlufā | تَخْلُفْنَ taḵlufna | يَخْلُفْنَ yaḵlufna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَخْلُفْ ʾaḵluf | تَخْلُفْ taḵluf | يَخْلُفْ yaḵluf | تَخْلُفَا taḵlufā | يَخْلُفَا yaḵlufā | نَخْلُفْ naḵluf | تَخْلُفُوا taḵlufū | يَخْلُفُوا yaḵlufū | |||
f | تَخْلُفِي taḵlufī | تَخْلُفْ taḵluf | تَخْلُفَا taḵlufā | تَخْلُفْنَ taḵlufna | يَخْلُفْنَ yaḵlufna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اُخْلُفْ uḵluf | اُخْلُفَا uḵlufā | اُخْلُفُوا uḵlufū | ||||||||
f | اُخْلُفِي uḵlufī | اُخْلُفْنَ uḵlufna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | خُلِفْتُ ḵuliftu | خُلِفْتَ ḵulifta | خُلِفَ ḵulifa | خُلِفْتُمَا ḵuliftumā | خُلِفَا ḵulifā | خُلِفْنَا ḵulifnā | خُلِفْتُمْ ḵuliftum | خُلِفُوا ḵulifū | |||
f | خُلِفْتِ ḵulifti | خُلِفَتْ ḵulifat | خُلِفَتَا ḵulifatā | خُلِفْتُنَّ ḵuliftunna | خُلِفْنَ ḵulifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُخْلَفُ ʾuḵlafu | تُخْلَفُ tuḵlafu | يُخْلَفُ yuḵlafu | تُخْلَفَانِ tuḵlafāni | يُخْلَفَانِ yuḵlafāni | نُخْلَفُ nuḵlafu | تُخْلَفُونَ tuḵlafūna | يُخْلَفُونَ yuḵlafūna | |||
f | تُخْلَفِينَ tuḵlafīna | تُخْلَفُ tuḵlafu | تُخْلَفَانِ tuḵlafāni | تُخْلَفْنَ tuḵlafna | يُخْلَفْنَ yuḵlafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُخْلَفَ ʾuḵlafa | تُخْلَفَ tuḵlafa | يُخْلَفَ yuḵlafa | تُخْلَفَا tuḵlafā | يُخْلَفَا yuḵlafā | نُخْلَفَ nuḵlafa | تُخْلَفُوا tuḵlafū | يُخْلَفُوا yuḵlafū | |||
f | تُخْلَفِي tuḵlafī | تُخْلَفَ tuḵlafa | تُخْلَفَا tuḵlafā | تُخْلَفْنَ tuḵlafna | يُخْلَفْنَ yuḵlafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُخْلَفْ ʾuḵlaf | تُخْلَفْ tuḵlaf | يُخْلَفْ yuḵlaf | تُخْلَفَا tuḵlafā | يُخْلَفَا yuḵlafā | نُخْلَفْ nuḵlaf | تُخْلَفُوا tuḵlafū | يُخْلَفُوا yuḵlafū | |||
f | تُخْلَفِي tuḵlafī | تُخْلَفْ tuḵlaf | تُخْلَفَا tuḵlafā | تُخْلَفْنَ tuḵlafna | يُخْلَفْنَ yuḵlafna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xal.fa/
Preposition
خَلْفَ • (ḵalfa)
- behind
- Louisa Alcott, Little Women, Chapter 1, Arabic translation "Dar wa Maktabat al-Hilal, Lebanon":
- بَدَأَت جُو تَمْشِي ذَهَابًا وَإِيَابًا وَيَدَاهَا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهَا، كَالرَّجُل.
- badaʾat jū tamšī ḏahāban waʾiyāban wayadāhā ḵalfa ẓahrihā, kar-rajul.
- Joe started walking back and forth with her hands behind (her) back, like a man.
- Louisa Alcott, Little Women, Chapter 1, Arabic translation "Dar wa Maktabat al-Hilal, Lebanon":
Inflection
Inflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | خَلْفَ (ḵalfa) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | خَلْفِي (ḵalfī) | خَلْفَنَا (ḵalfanā) | |||
Second person | خَلْفَكَ (ḵalfaka) | خَلْفَكِ (ḵalfaki) | خَلْفَكُمَا (ḵalfakumā) | خَلْفَكُمْ (ḵalfakum) | خَلْفَكُنَّ (ḵalfakunna) |
Third person | خَلْفَهُ (ḵalfahu) | خَلْفَهَا (ḵalfahā) | خَلْفَهُمَا (ḵalfahumā) | خَلْفَهُمْ (ḵalfahum) | خَلْفَهُنَّ (ḵalfahunna) |
Derived terms
- مِنْ خَلْفِ (min ḵalfi)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xalf/
Noun
خَلْف • (ḵalf) m (plural خُلُوف (ḵulūf))
- verbal noun of خَلَفَ (ḵalafa) (form I)
- location that is behind
- time past
- back
- successor, descendant
- descendants
- remnant of people
- succeeding generation, progeny
- short rib
- someone absent from the tribe or just returned
Declension
Declension of noun خَلْف (ḵalf)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَلْف ḵalf | الْخَلْف al-ḵalf | خَلْف ḵalf |
Nominative | خَلْفٌ ḵalfun | الْخَلْفُ al-ḵalfu | خَلْفُ ḵalfu |
Accusative | خَلْفًا ḵalfan | الْخَلْفَ al-ḵalfa | خَلْفَ ḵalfa |
Genitive | خَلْفٍ ḵalfin | الْخَلْفِ al-ḵalfi | خَلْفِ ḵalfi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خَلْفَيْن ḵalfayn | الْخَلْفَيْن al-ḵalfayn | خَلْفَيْ ḵalfay |
Nominative | خَلْفَانِ ḵalfāni | الْخَلْفَانِ al-ḵalfāni | خَلْفَا ḵalfā |
Accusative | خَلْفَيْنِ ḵalfayni | الْخَلْفَيْنِ al-ḵalfayni | خَلْفَيْ ḵalfay |
Genitive | خَلْفَيْنِ ḵalfayni | الْخَلْفَيْنِ al-ḵalfayni | خَلْفَيْ ḵalfay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خُلُوف ḵulūf | الْخُلُوف al-ḵulūf | خُلُوف ḵulūf |
Nominative | خُلُوفٌ ḵulūfun | الْخُلُوفُ al-ḵulūfu | خُلُوفُ ḵulūfu |
Accusative | خُلُوفًا ḵulūfan | الْخُلُوفَ al-ḵulūfa | خُلُوفَ ḵulūfa |
Genitive | خُلُوفٍ ḵulūfin | الْخُلُوفِ al-ḵulūfi | خُلُوفِ ḵulūfi |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “خلف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 516–518
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “خلف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 792
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “خلف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 337
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “خلف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 297
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
خ ل ف |
Etymology 1
From Arabic خَلَفَ (ḵalafa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xa.laf/, [ˈxa.laf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
خلف • (ḵalaf) (form I, present بخلف (biḵlif))
- to replace, to reward
Conjugation
Conjugation of خلف (ḵalaf) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | خلفت (ḵalaft) | خلفت (ḵalaft) | خلف (ḵalaf) | خلفنا (ḵalafna) | خلفتو (ḵalaftu) | خلفو (ḵalafu) | |
f | خلفتي (ḵalafti) | خلفت (ḵalfat) | ||||||
present | m | بخلف (baḵlif) | بتخلف (btiḵlif) | بخلف (biḵlif) | منخلف (mniḵlif) | بتخلفو (btiḵlifu) | بخلفو (biḵlifu) | |
f | بتخلفي (btiḵlifi) | بتخلف (btiḵlif) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أخلف (ʔaḵlif) | تخلف (tiḵlif) | يخلف (yiḵlif) | نخلف (niḵlif) | تخلفو (tiḵlifu) | يخلفو (yiḵlifu) | |
f | تخلفي (tiḵlifi) | تخلف (tiḵlif) | ||||||
imperative | m | اخلف (iḵlif) | اخلفو (iḵlifu) | |||||
f | اخلفي (iḵlifi) |
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xal.laf/, [ˈxal.laf]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
خلّف • (ḵallaf) (form II, present بخلّف (biḵallef))
- to give birth
- Synonym: جاب (jāb)
Conjugation
Conjugation of خلّف (ḵallaf) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | خلّفت (ḵallaft) | خلّفت (ḵallaft) | خلّف (ḵallaf) | خلّفنا (ḵallafna) | خلّفتو (ḵallaftu) | خلّفو (ḵallafu) | |
f | خلّفتي (ḵallafti) | خلّفت (ḵallafat) | ||||||
present | m | بخلّف (baḵallef) | بتخلّف (bitḵallef) | بخلّف (biḵallef) | منخلّف (minḵallef) | بتخلّفو (bitḵallfu) | بخلّفو (biḵallfu) | |
f | بتخلّفي (bitḵallfi) | بتخلّف (bitḵallef) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اخلّف (aḵallef) | تخلّف (tḵallef) | يخلّف (yḵallef) | نخلّف (nḵallef) | تخلّفو (tḵallfu) | يخلّفو (yḵallfu) | |
f | تخلّفي (tḵallfi) | تخلّف (tḵallef) | ||||||
imperative | m | خلّف (ḵallef) | خلّفو (ḵallfu) | |||||
f | خلّفي (ḵallfi) |