خراب

خراب

See also: حراب‎

Arabic

خَرَاب

Etymology

From the root خ ر ب‎ (ḵ-r-b).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.raːb/

Noun

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb) m

1. (uncountable) ruin, wreck
2. (uncountable) ruination, wreckage, desolation

Declension

Declension of noun خَرَاب (ḵarāb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابُ ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابَ ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابِ ḵarābi

Adjective

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb)

1. ruined, wrecked, destroyed

Declension

Declension of adjective خَرَاب (ḵarāb)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب‎ al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ‎ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا‎ ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ‎ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ‎ al-ḵarābi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xarab
• → Northern Kurdish: xirab
• → Ottoman Turkish: خراب‎ (harâb)
  • → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)
  • Turkish: harap
• → Persian: خراب‎ (xarâb)
  • → Bengali: খারাপ (kharap)
  • → Urdu: خراب‎ (xarāb)
  • → Northern Luri: خرۏ‎ (xerö)

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب‎ (ḵarāb, “ruined, wrecked”).

Adjective

خراب • (harab)

1. ruined, desolated, devastated

   Synonyms: ویران‎ (viran), یباب‎ (yebab), ییقق‎ (yıkık)

2. uninhabited, having no inhabitants
3. spoilt, marred, wasted
4. impoverished, dilapidated

Noun

خراب • (harab)

1. ruin, desolation, devastation, waste

   Synonym: تخریب‎ (tahrib)

2. impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
3. decline, decay, deterioration

Derived terms

• خراب اتمك‎ (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
• خراب اولمق‎ (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
• خرابلق‎ (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: harap
• → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 362
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1541
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic خَرَاب‎ (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /xaˈɾɑːb/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /xaˈɾɑːb/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /xæˈɾɒːb/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /xaˈɾɔb/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	خراب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хароб (xarob)

خراب • (xarâb)

1. ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed

   Synonyms: ویرانه‎ (virâne), ویران‎ (virân)

2. drunk, intoxicated
3. spoiled
4. miserable
5. (chiefly Dari) bad

   Synonym: بد‎

Noun

خراب • (xarâb)

1. ruin, desolation

   Synonym: ویرانه‎ (virâne)

Derived terms

• خراب کردن‎ (xarâb kardan)
• خراب شدن‎ (xarâb šodan)

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian خراب‎ (xarâb), from Arabic خَرَاب‎ (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xə.ɾɑːb/
• Rhymes: -ɑːb

Adjective

خراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)

1. spoiled, ruined, damaged
2. bad, evil

   Synonym: بُرا‎

3. (food) rotten
4. (machinery) out of order, broken

References

• “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “خراب”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.

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Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu خراب‎ (xarāb).

Adjective

خراب (xarāb)

1. spoiled, ruined, damaged, broken
2. bad, evil