خبز

خبز

See also: جبر‎, حبر‎, چتر‎, خبر‎, and چپر‎

Arabic

Etymology

Often suspected a loan, presuming an Aksumite or Old South Arabian predecessor of the Ge'ez ኅብስት (ḫəbəst, formally feminine passive participle with assimilation of the last radical to the feminine suffix), the formations within the root خ ب ز‎ (ḵ-b-z) having been secondarily derived from the “loaf of bread” singulative noun خُبْزَة‎ (ḵubza). Maybe instead both hail via an Old Aramaic term from Old Georgian ჴუეზაჲ (quezay, “loaf of bread”), Georgian ხვეზა (xveza).

Pronunciation

• (to bake): IPA^(key): /xa.ba.za/
• (bread): IPA^(key): /xubz/
• (baking): IPA^(key): /xabz/

Verb

خَبَزَ • (ḵabaza) I, non-past يَخْبِزُ‎‎ (yaḵbizu)

1. to bake

Conjugation

Conjugation of

خَبَزَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun خَبْز)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						خَبْز ḵabz
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						خَابِز‎ ḵābiz
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَخْبُوز‎ maḵbūz
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَبَزْتُ‎ ḵabaztu	خَبَزْتَ‎ ḵabazta	خَبَزَ ḵabaza		خَبَزْتُمَا‎ ḵabaztumā	خَبَزَا‎ ḵabazā		خَبَزْنَا‎ ḵabaznā	خَبَزْتُمْ‎ ḵabaztum	خَبَزُوا‎ ḵabazū
	f		خَبَزْتِ‎ ḵabazti	خَبَزَتْ‎ ḵabazat			خَبَزَتَا‎ ḵabazatā			خَبَزْتُنَّ‎ ḵabaztunna	خَبَزْنَ‎ ḵabazna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَخْبِزُ‎ ʾaḵbizu	تَخْبِزُ‎ taḵbizu	يَخْبِزُ‎ yaḵbizu		تَخْبِزَانِ‎ taḵbizāni	يَخْبِزَانِ‎ yaḵbizāni		نَخْبِزُ‎ naḵbizu	تَخْبِزُونَ‎ taḵbizūna	يَخْبِزُونَ‎ yaḵbizūna
	f		تَخْبِزِينَ‎ taḵbizīna	تَخْبِزُ‎ taḵbizu			تَخْبِزَانِ‎ taḵbizāni			تَخْبِزْنَ‎ taḵbizna	يَخْبِزْنَ‎ yaḵbizna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْبِزَ‎ ʾaḵbiza	تَخْبِزَ‎ taḵbiza	يَخْبِزَ‎ yaḵbiza		تَخْبِزَا‎ taḵbizā	يَخْبِزَا‎ yaḵbizā		نَخْبِزَ‎ naḵbiza	تَخْبِزُوا‎ taḵbizū	يَخْبِزُوا‎ yaḵbizū
	f		تَخْبِزِي‎ taḵbizī	تَخْبِزَ‎ taḵbiza			تَخْبِزَا‎ taḵbizā			تَخْبِزْنَ‎ taḵbizna	يَخْبِزْنَ‎ yaḵbizna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْبِزْ‎ ʾaḵbiz	تَخْبِزْ‎ taḵbiz	يَخْبِزْ‎ yaḵbiz		تَخْبِزَا‎ taḵbizā	يَخْبِزَا‎ yaḵbizā		نَخْبِزْ‎ naḵbiz	تَخْبِزُوا‎ taḵbizū	يَخْبِزُوا‎ yaḵbizū
	f		تَخْبِزِي‎ taḵbizī	تَخْبِزْ‎ taḵbiz			تَخْبِزَا‎ taḵbizā			تَخْبِزْنَ‎ taḵbizna	يَخْبِزْنَ‎ yaḵbizna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِخْبِزْ‎ iḵbiz			اِخْبِزَا‎ iḵbizā				اِخْبِزُوا‎ iḵbizū
	f		اِخْبِزِي‎ iḵbizī							اِخْبِزْنَ‎ iḵbizna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُبِزْتُ‎ ḵubiztu	خُبِزْتَ‎ ḵubizta	خُبِزَ ḵubiza		خُبِزْتُمَا‎ ḵubiztumā	خُبِزَا‎ ḵubizā		خُبِزْنَا‎ ḵubiznā	خُبِزْتُمْ‎ ḵubiztum	خُبِزُوا‎ ḵubizū
	f		خُبِزْتِ‎ ḵubizti	خُبِزَتْ‎ ḵubizat			خُبِزَتَا‎ ḵubizatā			خُبِزْتُنَّ‎ ḵubiztunna	خُبِزْنَ‎ ḵubizna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُخْبَزُ‎ ʾuḵbazu	تُخْبَزُ‎ tuḵbazu	يُخْبَزُ‎ yuḵbazu		تُخْبَزَانِ‎ tuḵbazāni	يُخْبَزَانِ‎ yuḵbazāni		نُخْبَزُ‎ nuḵbazu	تُخْبَزُونَ‎ tuḵbazūna	يُخْبَزُونَ‎ yuḵbazūna
	f		تُخْبَزِينَ‎ tuḵbazīna	تُخْبَزُ‎ tuḵbazu			تُخْبَزَانِ‎ tuḵbazāni			تُخْبَزْنَ‎ tuḵbazna	يُخْبَزْنَ‎ yuḵbazna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخْبَزَ‎ ʾuḵbaza	تُخْبَزَ‎ tuḵbaza	يُخْبَزَ‎ yuḵbaza		تُخْبَزَا‎ tuḵbazā	يُخْبَزَا‎ yuḵbazā		نُخْبَزَ‎ nuḵbaza	تُخْبَزُوا‎ tuḵbazū	يُخْبَزُوا‎ yuḵbazū
	f		تُخْبَزِي‎ tuḵbazī	تُخْبَزَ‎ tuḵbaza			تُخْبَزَا‎ tuḵbazā			تُخْبَزْنَ‎ tuḵbazna	يُخْبَزْنَ‎ yuḵbazna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخْبَزْ‎ ʾuḵbaz	تُخْبَزْ‎ tuḵbaz	يُخْبَزْ‎ yuḵbaz		تُخْبَزَا‎ tuḵbazā	يُخْبَزَا‎ yuḵbazā		نُخْبَزْ‎ nuḵbaz	تُخْبَزُوا‎ tuḵbazū	يُخْبَزُوا‎ yuḵbazū
	f		تُخْبَزِي‎ tuḵbazī	تُخْبَزْ‎ tuḵbaz			تُخْبَزَا‎ tuḵbazā			تُخْبَزْنَ‎ tuḵbazna	يُخْبَزْنَ‎ yuḵbazna

Noun

خُبْز • (ḵubz) m (plural أَخْبَاز‎ (ʾaḵbāz))

1. (uncountable) bread

Declension

Declension of noun خُبْز (ḵubz)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُبْز ḵubz	الْخُبْز‎ al-ḵubz	خُبْز ḵubz
Nominative	خُبْزٌ ḵubzun	الْخُبْزُ‎ al-ḵubzu	خُبْزُ ḵubzu
Accusative	خُبْزًا‎ ḵubzan	الْخُبْزَ‎ al-ḵubza	خُبْزَ ḵubza
Genitive	خُبْزٍ ḵubzin	الْخُبْزِ‎ al-ḵubzi	خُبْزِ ḵubzi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُبْزَيْن‎ ḵubzayn	الْخُبْزَيْن‎ al-ḵubzayn	خُبْزَيْ‎ ḵubzay
Nominative	خُبْزَانِ‎ ḵubzāni	الْخُبْزَانِ‎ al-ḵubzāni	خُبْزَا‎ ḵubzā
Accusative	خُبْزَيْنِ‎ ḵubzayni	الْخُبْزَيْنِ‎ al-ḵubzayni	خُبْزَيْ‎ ḵubzay
Genitive	خُبْزَيْنِ‎ ḵubzayni	الْخُبْزَيْنِ‎ al-ḵubzayni	خُبْزَيْ‎ ḵubzay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَخْبَاز‎ ʾaḵbāz	الْأَخْبَاز‎ al-ʾaḵbāz	أَخْبَاز‎ ʾaḵbāz
Nominative	أَخْبَازٌ‎ ʾaḵbāzun	الْأَخْبَازُ‎ al-ʾaḵbāzu	أَخْبَازُ‎ ʾaḵbāzu
Accusative	أَخْبَازًا‎ ʾaḵbāzan	الْأَخْبَازَ‎ al-ʾaḵbāza	أَخْبَازَ‎ ʾaḵbāza
Genitive	أَخْبَازٍ‎ ʾaḵbāzin	الْأَخْبَازِ‎ al-ʾaḵbāzi	أَخْبَازِ‎ ʾaḵbāzi

Noun

خَبْز • (ḵabz) m

1. verbal noun of خَبَزَ (ḵabaza) (form I)
2. baking

Declension

Declension of noun خَبْز (ḵabz)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَبْز ḵabz	الْخَبْز‎ al-ḵabz	خَبْز ḵabz
Nominative	خَبْزٌ ḵabzun	الْخَبْزُ‎ al-ḵabzu	خَبْزُ ḵabzu
Accusative	خَبْزًا‎ ḵabzan	الْخَبْزَ‎ al-ḵabza	خَبْزَ ḵabza
Genitive	خَبْزٍ ḵabzin	الْخَبْزِ‎ al-ḵabzi	خَبْزِ ḵabzi

References

• Corriente, Federico; Pereira, Christophe; Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017) Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, pages 393–394
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 81
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 56–57

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Hijazi Arabic

Root
خ ب ز‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic خُبْز‎ (ḵubz).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xubuz/

Noun

خبز • (ḵubuz) m (collective, singulative خبزة‎ f (ḵubza), plural خبزات‎ (ḵubzāt))

1. bread

   Synonym: عيش‎ (ʿēš)

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَبَزَ‎ (ḵabaza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xabaz/

Verb

خبز • (ḵabaz) (form I, non-past يخبز‎ (yiḵbiz, yiḵbuz))

1. to bake

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Moroccan Arabic

Root
خ ب ز‎
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic خُبْز‎ (ḵubz).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xubz/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

خبز • (ḵubz) m (collective, singulative خبزة‎ f (ḵubza), plural خبزات‎ (ḵubzāt))

1. bread

Etymology 2

From Arabic خَبَزَ‎ (ḵabaza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xbaz/

Verb

خبز • (ḵbaz) (form I, non-past يخبز‎ (yaḵbaz))

1. to bake

   Synonym: حمى‎ (ḥmā)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic خُبْز‎ (ḵubz).

Noun

خبز • (hubz)

1. bread

   Synonyms: اكمك‎ (ekmek), نان‎ (nan)

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خبز”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 830

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
خ ب ز‎

Etymology 1

From Arabic خَبَزَ‎ (ḵabaza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.baz/, [ˈxa.baz]

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

خبز • (ḵabaz) (form I, present بخبز‎ (biḵbiz))

1. to bake

Conjugation

Conjugation of خبز (ḵabaz)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	خبزت (ḵabazt)	خبزت (ḵabazt)	خبز (ḵabaz)		خبزنا (ḵabazna)	خبزتو (ḵabaztu)	خبزو (ḵabazu)
	f		خبزتي (ḵabazti)	خبزت (ḵabzat)
present	m	بخبز (baḵbiz)	بتخبز (btiḵbiz)	بخبز (biḵbiz)		منخبز (mniḵbiz)	بتخبزو (btiḵbizu)	بخبزو (biḵbizu)
	f		بتخبزي (btiḵbizi)	بتخبز (btiḵbiz)
subjunctive	m	أخبز (ʔaḵbiz)	تخبز (tiḵbiz)	يخبز (yiḵbiz)		نخبز (niḵbiz)	تخبزو (tiḵbizu)	يخبزو (yiḵbizu)
	f		تخبزي (tiḵbizi)	تخبز (tiḵbiz)
imperative	m		اخبز (iḵbiz)				اخبزو (iḵbizu)
	f		اخبزي (iḵbizi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic خُبْز‎ (ḵubz).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xubz/, [ˈxʊ.b(ɪ)z]

• Audio (Bethlehem)

  (file)

Noun

خبز • (ḵubz) m (collective, singulative خبزة‎ f (ḵubze), paucal خبزات‎ (ḵubzāt))

1. (uncountable) bread

   ‏باكل رغيف خبز كل يوم.‎‎

   bākol rḡīf ḵubz kull yōm

   I eat a loaf of bread every day.