حفش
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح ف ش (ḥ-f-š) |
Etymology
The verb “to gather” is from Proto-Semitic *ḥapaś-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חָפַשׂ (ḥɔp̄aś, “to search”).
Verb
حَفَشَ • (ḥafaša) I, non-past يَحْفِشُ (yaḥfišu) (archaic)
- (transitive, intransitive) to gather, to throng, to asport
- c. 700, Al-Farazdaq, تضاحكت أن رأت شيبا تفرعني:
- […] الغَيْثِ يَحْفِشُ أَطْرَافَ الشَآبِيبِ كادَ الفُؤادُ تَطِيرُ الطّائِرَاتُ بِهِ مِنَ المَخافَةِ […]
- […] al-ḡayṯi yaḥfišu ʾaṭrāfa š-šaʾābībi kāda l-fuʾādu taṭīru ṭ-ṭāʾirātu bihi mina l-maḵāfati […]
- The rain gathers the ends of the showers like when birds fly in a heart from fright
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
حَفَشَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun حَفْش)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | حَفْش ḥafš | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | حَافِش ḥāfiš | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَحْفُوش maḥfūš | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | حَفَشْتُ ḥafaštu | حَفَشْتَ ḥafašta | حَفَشَ ḥafaša | حَفَشْتُمَا ḥafaštumā | حَفَشَا ḥafašā | حَفَشْنَا ḥafašnā | حَفَشْتُمْ ḥafaštum | حَفَشُوا ḥafašū | |||
| f | حَفَشْتِ ḥafašti | حَفَشَتْ ḥafašat | حَفَشَتَا ḥafašatā | حَفَشْتُنَّ ḥafaštunna | حَفَشْنَ ḥafašna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَحْفِشُ ʾaḥfišu | تَحْفِشُ taḥfišu | يَحْفِشُ yaḥfišu | تَحْفِشَانِ taḥfišāni | يَحْفِشَانِ yaḥfišāni | نَحْفِشُ naḥfišu | تَحْفِشُونَ taḥfišūna | يَحْفِشُونَ yaḥfišūna | |||
| f | تَحْفِشِينَ taḥfišīna | تَحْفِشُ taḥfišu | تَحْفِشَانِ taḥfišāni | تَحْفِشْنَ taḥfišna | يَحْفِشْنَ yaḥfišna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَحْفِشَ ʾaḥfiša | تَحْفِشَ taḥfiša | يَحْفِشَ yaḥfiša | تَحْفِشَا taḥfišā | يَحْفِشَا yaḥfišā | نَحْفِشَ naḥfiša | تَحْفِشُوا taḥfišū | يَحْفِشُوا yaḥfišū | |||
| f | تَحْفِشِي taḥfišī | تَحْفِشَ taḥfiša | تَحْفِشَا taḥfišā | تَحْفِشْنَ taḥfišna | يَحْفِشْنَ yaḥfišna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَحْفِشْ ʾaḥfiš | تَحْفِشْ taḥfiš | يَحْفِشْ yaḥfiš | تَحْفِشَا taḥfišā | يَحْفِشَا yaḥfišā | نَحْفِشْ naḥfiš | تَحْفِشُوا taḥfišū | يَحْفِشُوا yaḥfišū | |||
| f | تَحْفِشِي taḥfišī | تَحْفِشْ taḥfiš | تَحْفِشَا taḥfišā | تَحْفِشْنَ taḥfišna | يَحْفِشْنَ yaḥfišna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِحْفِشْ iḥfiš | اِحْفِشَا iḥfišā | اِحْفِشُوا iḥfišū | ||||||||
| f | اِحْفِشِي iḥfišī | اِحْفِشْنَ iḥfišna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | حُفِشْتُ ḥufištu | حُفِشْتَ ḥufišta | حُفِشَ ḥufiša | حُفِشْتُمَا ḥufištumā | حُفِشَا ḥufišā | حُفِشْنَا ḥufišnā | حُفِشْتُمْ ḥufištum | حُفِشُوا ḥufišū | |||
| f | حُفِشْتِ ḥufišti | حُفِشَتْ ḥufišat | حُفِشَتَا ḥufišatā | حُفِشْتُنَّ ḥufištunna | حُفِشْنَ ḥufišna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُحْفَشُ ʾuḥfašu | تُحْفَشُ tuḥfašu | يُحْفَشُ yuḥfašu | تُحْفَشَانِ tuḥfašāni | يُحْفَشَانِ yuḥfašāni | نُحْفَشُ nuḥfašu | تُحْفَشُونَ tuḥfašūna | يُحْفَشُونَ yuḥfašūna | |||
| f | تُحْفَشِينَ tuḥfašīna | تُحْفَشُ tuḥfašu | تُحْفَشَانِ tuḥfašāni | تُحْفَشْنَ tuḥfašna | يُحْفَشْنَ yuḥfašna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُحْفَشَ ʾuḥfaša | تُحْفَشَ tuḥfaša | يُحْفَشَ yuḥfaša | تُحْفَشَا tuḥfašā | يُحْفَشَا yuḥfašā | نُحْفَشَ nuḥfaša | تُحْفَشُوا tuḥfašū | يُحْفَشُوا yuḥfašū | |||
| f | تُحْفَشِي tuḥfašī | تُحْفَشَ tuḥfaša | تُحْفَشَا tuḥfašā | تُحْفَشْنَ tuḥfašna | يُحْفَشْنَ yuḥfašna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُحْفَشْ ʾuḥfaš | تُحْفَشْ tuḥfaš | يُحْفَشْ yuḥfaš | تُحْفَشَا tuḥfašā | يُحْفَشَا yuḥfašā | نُحْفَشْ nuḥfaš | تُحْفَشُوا tuḥfašū | يُحْفَشُوا yuḥfašū | |||
| f | تُحْفَشِي tuḥfašī | تُحْفَشْ tuḥfaš | تُحْفَشَا tuḥfašā | تُحْفَشْنَ tuḥfašna | يُحْفَشْنَ yuḥfašna | |||||||
Verb
حَفِشَ • (ḥafiša) I, non-past يَحْفَشُ (yaḥfašu) (obsolete)
- to have an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side (said of a camel’s hump)
- to rain vehemently
Conjugation
Conjugation of
حَفِشَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun حَفَش)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | حَفَش ḥafaš | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | حَافِش ḥāfiš | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | حَفِشْتُ ḥafištu | حَفِشْتَ ḥafišta | حَفِشَ ḥafiša | حَفِشْتُمَا ḥafištumā | حَفِشَا ḥafišā | حَفِشْنَا ḥafišnā | حَفِشْتُمْ ḥafištum | حَفِشُوا ḥafišū | |||
| f | حَفِشْتِ ḥafišti | حَفِشَتْ ḥafišat | حَفِشَتَا ḥafišatā | حَفِشْتُنَّ ḥafištunna | حَفِشْنَ ḥafišna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَحْفَشُ ʾaḥfašu | تَحْفَشُ taḥfašu | يَحْفَشُ yaḥfašu | تَحْفَشَانِ taḥfašāni | يَحْفَشَانِ yaḥfašāni | نَحْفَشُ naḥfašu | تَحْفَشُونَ taḥfašūna | يَحْفَشُونَ yaḥfašūna | |||
| f | تَحْفَشِينَ taḥfašīna | تَحْفَشُ taḥfašu | تَحْفَشَانِ taḥfašāni | تَحْفَشْنَ taḥfašna | يَحْفَشْنَ yaḥfašna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَحْفَشَ ʾaḥfaša | تَحْفَشَ taḥfaša | يَحْفَشَ yaḥfaša | تَحْفَشَا taḥfašā | يَحْفَشَا yaḥfašā | نَحْفَشَ naḥfaša | تَحْفَشُوا taḥfašū | يَحْفَشُوا yaḥfašū | |||
| f | تَحْفَشِي taḥfašī | تَحْفَشَ taḥfaša | تَحْفَشَا taḥfašā | تَحْفَشْنَ taḥfašna | يَحْفَشْنَ yaḥfašna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَحْفَشْ ʾaḥfaš | تَحْفَشْ taḥfaš | يَحْفَشْ yaḥfaš | تَحْفَشَا taḥfašā | يَحْفَشَا yaḥfašā | نَحْفَشْ naḥfaš | تَحْفَشُوا taḥfašū | يَحْفَشُوا yaḥfašū | |||
| f | تَحْفَشِي taḥfašī | تَحْفَشْ taḥfaš | تَحْفَشَا taḥfašā | تَحْفَشْنَ taḥfašna | يَحْفَشْنَ yaḥfašna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِحْفَشْ iḥfaš | اِحْفَشَا iḥfašā | اِحْفَشُوا iḥfašū | ||||||||
| f | اِحْفَشِي iḥfašī | اِحْفَشْنَ iḥfašna | ||||||||||
Noun
حَفْش • (ḥafš) m (collective)
- verbal noun of حَفَشَ (ḥafaša) (form I)
- sturgeon
Declension
Declension of noun حَفْش (ḥafš)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَفْش ḥafš | الْحَفْش al-ḥafš | حَفْش ḥafš |
| Nominative | حَفْشٌ ḥafšun | الْحَفْشُ al-ḥafšu | حَفْشُ ḥafšu |
| Accusative | حَفْشًا ḥafšan | الْحَفْشَ al-ḥafša | حَفْشَ ḥafša |
| Genitive | حَفْشٍ ḥafšin | الْحَفْشِ al-ḥafši | حَفْشِ ḥafši |
Noun
حِفْش • (ḥifš) m (plural أَحْفَاش (ʾaḥfāš))
- a case for paraphernalia, box for utensils, receptacle wherein the apparatus of women is stored, or the like
- a small tent
Declension
Declension of noun حِفْش (ḥifš)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حِفْش ḥifš | الْحِفْش al-ḥifš | حِفْش ḥifš |
| Nominative | حِفْشٌ ḥifšun | الْحِفْشُ al-ḥifšu | حِفْشُ ḥifšu |
| Accusative | حِفْشًا ḥifšan | الْحِفْشَ al-ḥifša | حِفْشَ ḥifša |
| Genitive | حِفْشٍ ḥifšin | الْحِفْشِ al-ḥifši | حِفْشِ ḥifši |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | حِفْشَيْن ḥifšayn | الْحِفْشَيْن al-ḥifšayn | حِفْشَيْ ḥifšay |
| Nominative | حِفْشَانِ ḥifšāni | الْحِفْشَانِ al-ḥifšāni | حِفْشَا ḥifšā |
| Accusative | حِفْشَيْنِ ḥifšayni | الْحِفْشَيْنِ al-ḥifšayni | حِفْشَيْ ḥifšay |
| Genitive | حِفْشَيْنِ ḥifšayni | الْحِفْشَيْنِ al-ḥifšayni | حِفْشَيْ ḥifšay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أَحْفَاش ʾaḥfāš | الْأَحْفَاش al-ʾaḥfāš | أَحْفَاش ʾaḥfāš |
| Nominative | أَحْفَاشٌ ʾaḥfāšun | الْأَحْفَاشُ al-ʾaḥfāšu | أَحْفَاشُ ʾaḥfāšu |
| Accusative | أَحْفَاشًا ʾaḥfāšan | الْأَحْفَاشَ al-ʾaḥfāša | أَحْفَاشَ ʾaḥfāša |
| Genitive | أَحْفَاشٍ ʾaḥfāšin | الْأَحْفَاشِ al-ʾaḥfāši | أَحْفَاشِ ʾaḥfāši |
Adjective
حَفِش • (ḥafiš) (obsolete)
- having an ulcer at one side while being healthy on the other side (said of a camel’s hump)
Declension
Declension of adjective حَفِش (ḥafiš)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حَفِش ḥafiš | الْحَفِش al-ḥafiš | حَفِشَة ḥafiša | الْحَفِشَة al-ḥafiša |
| Nominative | حَفِشٌ ḥafišun | الْحَفِشُ al-ḥafišu | حَفِشَةٌ ḥafišatun | الْحَفِشَةُ al-ḥafišatu |
| Accusative | حَفِشًا ḥafišan | الْحَفِشَ al-ḥafiša | حَفِشَةً ḥafišatan | الْحَفِشَةَ al-ḥafišata |
| Genitive | حَفِشٍ ḥafišin | الْحَفِشِ al-ḥafiši | حَفِشَةٍ ḥafišatin | الْحَفِشَةِ al-ḥafišati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حَفِشَيْن ḥafišayn | الْحَفِشَيْن al-ḥafišayn | حَفِشَتَيْن ḥafišatayn | الْحَفِشَتَيْن al-ḥafišatayn |
| Nominative | حَفِشَانِ ḥafišāni | الْحَفِشَانِ al-ḥafišāni | حَفِشَتَانِ ḥafišatāni | الْحَفِشَتَانِ al-ḥafišatāni |
| Accusative | حَفِشَيْنِ ḥafišayni | الْحَفِشَيْنِ al-ḥafišayni | حَفِشَتَيْنِ ḥafišatayni | الْحَفِشَتَيْنِ al-ḥafišatayni |
| Genitive | حَفِشَيْنِ ḥafišayni | الْحَفِشَيْنِ al-ḥafišayni | حَفِشَتَيْنِ ḥafišatayni | الْحَفِشَتَيْنِ al-ḥafišatayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| — | — | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | — | — | — | — |
| Nominative | — | — | — | — |
| Accusative | — | — | — | — |
| Genitive | — | — | — | — |
References
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “حفش”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 304
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “حفش”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 401–402
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “حفش”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 601
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “حفش”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 272