حزاء
See also: جزاء, خراء, and جراء
Arabic
Etymology
In view of the hallucinogenic uses of the plant, perhaps related to تَحَزَّى (taḥazzā, “to divine; to divine from the flights or cries of birds by driving them away”), حَزَى (ḥazā), حَزَا (ḥazā, “to compute by conjecture (fruits on a palm etc.)”), a variant of ح ص ي (ḥ-ṣ-y), ح ص و (ḥ-ṣ-w).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.zaːʔ/
Noun
حَزَاء • (ḥazāʾ) m (collective, singulative حَزَاءَة f (ḥazāʾa))
- (rare, in post-classical Arabic only Bedouin) common rue (Ruta graveolens)
- Synonym: سُذَاب (suḏāb)
- Hypernym: فَيْجَن (fayjan)
- 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], Gerlof van Vloten, editor, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʿulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 167 line 10 – page 168 line 1:
- الْحَزَاء بقلة تشبه الْكَرَفْس لريحها خَمْطة وهي بالفارسيّة دينارُویه
- Rue is a vegetable similar to celery, of an acrid smell, in Persian called dīnārūya.
- a. 1050, مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ], Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs], Leiden: Brill, published 2020, DOI:, →ISBN, 335 (fol. 31v,12–13), page 514:
- زوفرا، قال الطبري: إنّه الح‹ز›اء من الحاوي، وفي موضع آخر منه: زوفرا كاشم.
- Zawfarā: Aṭ-Tabarīy said: It is rue [in ibn Janāḥs manuscript: حنّاء (“henna”)], from Al-Ḥāwī, and elsewhere he says it is lovage.
- a. 1832, محمد بن لعبون, هل الدار يا عواد إلا منازل:
- وَلَا تَحْسِب اَلْجَثْجَاثَ وَٱلْرِمْثَ وَٱلْحَزَا
- walā taḥsib al-jaṯjāṯa wal-rimṯa wal-ḥazā
- Keep away from false fleabane, saxaul and rue!
Declension
Declension of noun حَزَاء (ḥazāʾ)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَزَاء ḥazāʾ | الْحَزَاء al-ḥazāʾ | حَزَاء ḥazāʾ |
| Nominative | حَزَاءٌ ḥazāʾun | الْحَزَاءُ al-ḥazāʾu | حَزَاءُ ḥazāʾu |
| Accusative | حَزَاءً ḥazāʾan | الْحَزَاءَ al-ḥazāʾa | حَزَاءَ ḥazāʾa |
| Genitive | حَزَاءٍ ḥazāʾin | الْحَزَاءِ al-ḥazāʾi | حَزَاءِ ḥazāʾi |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَزَاءَة ḥazāʾa | الْحَزَاءَة al-ḥazāʾa | حَزَاءَة ḥazāʾat |
| Nominative | حَزَاءَةٌ ḥazāʾatun | الْحَزَاءَةُ al-ḥazāʾatu | حَزَاءَةُ ḥazāʾatu |
| Accusative | حَزَاءَةً ḥazāʾatan | الْحَزَاءَةَ al-ḥazāʾata | حَزَاءَةَ ḥazāʾata |
| Genitive | حَزَاءَةٍ ḥazāʾatin | الْحَزَاءَةِ al-ḥazāʾati | حَزَاءَةِ ḥazāʾati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | حَزَاءَتَيْن ḥazāʾatayn | الْحَزَاءَتَيْن al-ḥazāʾatayn | حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʾatay |
| Nominative | حَزَاءَتَانِ ḥazāʾatāni | الْحَزَاءَتَانِ al-ḥazāʾatāni | حَزَاءَتَا ḥazāʾatā |
| Accusative | حَزَاءَتَيْنِ ḥazāʾatayni | الْحَزَاءَتَيْنِ al-ḥazāʾatayni | حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʾatay |
| Genitive | حَزَاءَتَيْنِ ḥazāʾatayni | الْحَزَاءَتَيْنِ al-ḥazāʾatayni | حَزَاءَتَيْ ḥazāʾatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَزَاءَات ḥazāʾāt | الْحَزَاءَات al-ḥazāʾāt | حَزَاءَات ḥazāʾāt |
| Nominative | حَزَاءَاتٌ ḥazāʾātun | الْحَزَاءَاتُ al-ḥazāʾātu | حَزَاءَاتُ ḥazāʾātu |
| Accusative | حَزَاءَاتٍ ḥazāʾātin | الْحَزَاءَاتِ al-ḥazāʾāti | حَزَاءَاتِ ḥazāʾāti |
| Genitive | حَزَاءَاتٍ ḥazāʾātin | الْحَزَاءَاتِ al-ḥazāʾāti | حَزَاءَاتِ ḥazāʾāti |