حريف
See also: خريف, حریق, حریف, and حريق
Arabic
Etymology 1
From حَرْف (ḥarf, “sharp edge”) from the root ح ر ف (ḥ-r-f), or probably from Aramaic חריף / ܚܪܝܦ (ḥarrīp̄) found in broader meaning, also literally “sharp”, of smell, high-pitched voices, “current” in application to a silver coin etc., from the cognate root ח־ר־ף / ܚ-ܪ-ܦ (ḥ-r-p) related to sharpness, probably related to Proto-Semitic *x̣arb- (“sharp blade”) whence Arabic حَرْب (ḥarb, “war”), حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “spear”), and also conceivable in the source of Aramaic-borrowed حُرْف (ḥurf, “cress”), since cress is described as of mustard- to radish-like, slightly pungent to peppery taste and smell.
Adjective
حِرِّيف • (ḥirrīf)
- pungent, acrid (taste)
- 850–861, علي بن سهل ربن الطبري [ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī], Oliver Kahl, editor, ʿAlī ibn Sahl Rabban aṭ-Ṭabarī’s Health Regimen or “Book of the Pearl” كتاب اللؤلؤة (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 115), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, →ISBN, § 80–81, page 102:
- إن من أراد الصحة فينبغي أن يقوم من نومه في السُبْع الأخير من الليل وليسبغ وُضُوءَه ويلبس أنظف ثيابه ويبدأ بحمد الله والتضرع إليه في حاجاته. ويستاك من أشجار مُرّة أو حِرِّيفة.
- He who desires to stay healthy should rise from sleep in the last seventh of the night, expand into a proper ablution, put on his tidiest garment, and begin by praising God and imploring him to provide help when needs befall. He cleans his teeth with a twig from bitter or pungent trees.
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Declension
Declension of adjective حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حِرِّيف ḥirrīf | الْحِرِّيف al-ḥirrīf | حِرِّيفَة ḥirrīfa | الْحِرِّيفَة al-ḥirrīfa |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفٌ ḥirrīfun | الْحِرِّيفُ al-ḥirrīfu | حِرِّيفَةٌ ḥirrīfatun | الْحِرِّيفَةُ al-ḥirrīfatu |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفًا ḥirrīfan | الْحِرِّيفَ al-ḥirrīfa | حِرِّيفَةً ḥirrīfatan | الْحِرِّيفَةَ al-ḥirrīfata |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفٍ ḥirrīfin | الْحِرِّيفِ al-ḥirrīfi | حِرِّيفَةٍ ḥirrīfatin | الْحِرِّيفَةِ al-ḥirrīfati |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حِرِّيفَيْن ḥirrīfayn | الْحِرِّيفَيْن al-ḥirrīfayn | حِرِّيفَتَيْن ḥirrīfatayn | الْحِرِّيفَتَيْن al-ḥirrīfatayn |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفَانِ ḥirrīfāni | الْحِرِّيفَانِ al-ḥirrīfāni | حِرِّيفَتَانِ ḥirrīfatāni | الْحِرِّيفَتَانِ al-ḥirrīfatāni |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni | الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni | حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ ḥirrīfatayni | الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfatayni |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni | الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni | حِرِّيفَتَيْنِ ḥirrīfatayni | الْحِرِّيفَتَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfatayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حِرِّيفِين ḥirrīfīn | الْحِرِّيفِين al-ḥirrīfīn | حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt | الْحِرِّيفَات al-ḥirrīfāt |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفُونَ ḥirrīfūna | الْحِرِّيفُونَ al-ḥirrīfūna | حِرِّيفَاتٌ ḥirrīfātun | الْحِرِّيفَاتُ al-ḥirrīfātu |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفِينَ ḥirrīfīna | الْحِرِّيفِينَ al-ḥirrīfīna | حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin | الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفِينَ ḥirrīfīna | الْحِرِّيفِينَ al-ḥirrīfīna | حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin | الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti |
Noun
حِرِّيف • (ḥirrīf) m (plural حِرِّيفَات (ḥirrīfāt))
- (usually in the plural) spicy food, delicacies
Declension
Declension of noun حِرِّيف (ḥirrīf)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حِرِّيف ḥirrīf | الْحِرِّيف al-ḥirrīf | حِرِّيف ḥirrīf |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفٌ ḥirrīfun | الْحِرِّيفُ al-ḥirrīfu | حِرِّيفُ ḥirrīfu |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفًا ḥirrīfan | الْحِرِّيفَ al-ḥirrīfa | حِرِّيفَ ḥirrīfa |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفٍ ḥirrīfin | الْحِرِّيفِ al-ḥirrīfi | حِرِّيفِ ḥirrīfi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | حِرِّيفَيْن ḥirrīfayn | الْحِرِّيفَيْن al-ḥirrīfayn | حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفَانِ ḥirrīfāni | الْحِرِّيفَانِ al-ḥirrīfāni | حِرِّيفَا ḥirrīfā |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni | الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni | حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفَيْنِ ḥirrīfayni | الْحِرِّيفَيْنِ al-ḥirrīfayni | حِرِّيفَيْ ḥirrīfay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt | الْحِرِّيفَات al-ḥirrīfāt | حِرِّيفَات ḥirrīfāt |
| Nominative | حِرِّيفَاتٌ ḥirrīfātun | الْحِرِّيفَاتُ al-ḥirrīfātu | حِرِّيفَاتُ ḥirrīfātu |
| Accusative | حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin | الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti | حِرِّيفَاتِ ḥirrīfāti |
| Genitive | حِرِّيفَاتٍ ḥirrīfātin | الْحِرِّيفَاتِ al-ḥirrīfāti | حِرِّيفَاتِ ḥirrīfāti |
Etymology 2
From the root ح ر ف (ḥ-r-f), compare اِحْتَرَفَ (iḥtarafa, “to do professionally”).
Noun
حَرِيف • (ḥarīf) m (plural حُرَفَاء (ḥurafāʾ))
- (Tunisia, Morocco) customer, patron, client
- Synonym: زَبُون (zabūn)
Declension
Declension of noun حَرِيف (ḥarīf)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَرِيف ḥarīf | الْحَرِيف al-ḥarīf | حَرِيف ḥarīf |
| Nominative | حَرِيفٌ ḥarīfun | الْحَرِيفُ al-ḥarīfu | حَرِيفُ ḥarīfu |
| Accusative | حَرِيفًا ḥarīfan | الْحَرِيفَ al-ḥarīfa | حَرِيفَ ḥarīfa |
| Genitive | حَرِيفٍ ḥarīfin | الْحَرِيفِ al-ḥarīfi | حَرِيفِ ḥarīfi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | حَرِيفَيْن ḥarīfayn | الْحَرِيفَيْن al-ḥarīfayn | حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay |
| Nominative | حَرِيفَانِ ḥarīfāni | الْحَرِيفَانِ al-ḥarīfāni | حَرِيفَا ḥarīfā |
| Accusative | حَرِيفَيْنِ ḥarīfayni | الْحَرِيفَيْنِ al-ḥarīfayni | حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay |
| Genitive | حَرِيفَيْنِ ḥarīfayni | الْحَرِيفَيْنِ al-ḥarīfayni | حَرِيفَيْ ḥarīfay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حُرَفَاء ḥurafāʾ | الْحُرَفَاء al-ḥurafāʾ | حُرَفَاء ḥurafāʾ |
| Nominative | حُرَفَاءُ ḥurafāʾu | الْحُرَفَاءُ al-ḥurafāʾu | حُرَفَاءُ ḥurafāʾu |
| Accusative | حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʾa | الْحُرَفَاءَ al-ḥurafāʾa | حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʾa |
| Genitive | حُرَفَاءَ ḥurafāʾa | الْحُرَفَاءِ al-ḥurafāʾi | حُرَفَاءِ ḥurafāʾi |