حرمة
See also: چرمه, حزمة, جزمة, and چزمه
Arabic
Noun
حُرْمَة • (ḥurma) f (plural حُرَم (ḥuram) or حُرَمَات (ḥuramāt))
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
- inviolateness, prohibition, unlawfulness
- something forbidden, something outlawed, something banned, something restricted, a taboo
- something inviolable, something that would bring dishonor or disgrace if violated or infringed
- holiness, sanctity, sacredness
- something sacred, something that must be respected or honored
- an entitlement; something morally required, a moral right, an obligation
- an agreement, a contract, a pact, a compact
- a portion, a share
- the right of clientship
- the right of companionship, the right of friendship
- (of someone or something) honor, dignity; respect, reverence; veneration
- Synonyms: مَهَابَة (mahāba), تَعْظِيم (taʿẓīm)
- a man's good name, a man's standing, a man's stature, a man's repute
- (by extension) a man's personal or private affairs
- the persons whom the master of the house is responsible for or is in charge of, a man's household; a man's female family members, a man's wife, a man's daughter
- Synonyms: أَهْل (ʾahl), حَرَم (ḥaram)
- 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ħāʾ)], page 125:
- وَحُرْمَةُ الرَّجُلِ: حُرَمُهُ وَأَهْلُهُ. وَحَرَمُ الرَّجُلِ وَحَرِيمُهُ: مَا يُقَاتِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَحْمِيهُ، فَجَمْعُ الْحَرَمِ أَحْرَامٌ، وَجَمْعُ الْحَرِيِمِ حُرُمٌ.
- waḥurmatu r-rajuli: ḥuramuhu waʾahluhu. waḥaramu r-rajuli waḥarīmuhu: mā yuqātilu ʿanhu wayaḥmīhu, fajamʿu l-ḥarami ʾaḥrāmun, wajamʿu l-ḥariyimi ḥurumun.
- And a man's ḥurmah is his dignity [literally "his affairs that must be respected"] and his family, and his ḥaram and his ḥarīm are what he fights for and protects. And the plural of ḥaram is ʾaḥrām, and that of ḥarīm is ḥurum.
- 1410, al-Fayrūzabādī, القاموس المحيط [The Encompassing Ocean]:
- حُرَمُكَ: نِسَاؤُكَ وَمَا تَحْمِي، وَهِيَ الْمَحَارِِمُ، اَلْوَاحِدَةُ: مَحْرُمَةٌ
- ḥuramuka: nisāʾuka wamā taḥmī, wahiya l-maḥāriimu, al-wāḥidatu: maḥrumatun
- Your ḥuram are your women and what you protect, also called maḥārim. Its singular is maḥrumah.
- 1290, Ibn Manẓūr, “مر”, in لسان العرب [The Tongue of the Arabs], فصل الحاء المهملة [The section of the undotted letter ح (ħāʾ)], page 123:
- وَحُرَمُ الرَّجُلِ: عِيَاُلُهُ وَنِسَاؤُهُ وَمَا يَحْمِي، وَهِي الْمَحَارِمُ، وَاحِدَتُهَا مَحْرَمَةٌ وَمَحْرُمة.
- waḥuramu r-rajuli: ʿiyauluhu wanisāʾuhu wamā yaḥmī, wahī l-maḥārimu, wāḥidatuhā maḥramatun wamaḥruma.
- And a man's ḥuram are his women and children and whatever he protects, which are his maḥārim, the singular of which is maḥramah or maḥrumah.
- (by extension) a man's honor when related to the demeanor, conduct, reputation, or treatment of his female relations
- a woman's honor, chastity, purity, maidenhood, virginity, maidenhead, virtue
- Synonyms: عِفَّة (ʿiffa), شَرَف (šaraf)
- a woman's reputation of being decent or modest
- (by extension) a woman's personal or private affairs
- (rare) shelter, protection
Usage notes
- The word is commonly used in many of the modern dialects in most of the aforementioned senses, particularly in Gulf Arabic. However, as a substitute for woman, it may now be seen as objectifying or dehumanizing (that is, portraying women as "forbidden things" or as "a part" of a man's honor). It is also completely absent in many of the modern dialects in this sense, such as Egyptian Arabic, where it is used mainly in literary or pseudo-literary contexts in the broad sense of "the state of being forbidden" or "something deemed so". Compare with ست, the normal term to refer to women in Egyptian Arabic; مرة, one of the normal terms to refer to women in Gulf Arabic (as well as some dialects of Egyptian Arabic) and an extremely offensive term in Cairene Arabic; and ولية, which is used jokingly or degradingly in Egyptian Arabic to mean "an old woman" or, occasionally, a hag.
Declension
Declension of noun حُرْمَة (ḥurma)
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُرْمَة ḥurma | الْحُرْمَة al-ḥurma | حُرْمَة ḥurmat |
Nominative | حُرْمَةٌ ḥurmatun | الْحُرْمَةُ al-ḥurmatu | حُرْمَةُ ḥurmatu |
Accusative | حُرْمَةً ḥurmatan | الْحُرْمَةَ al-ḥurmata | حُرْمَةَ ḥurmata |
Genitive | حُرْمَةٍ ḥurmatin | الْحُرْمَةِ al-ḥurmati | حُرْمَةِ ḥurmati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حُرْمَتَيْن ḥurmatayn | الْحُرْمَتَيْن al-ḥurmatayn | حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Nominative | حُرْمَتَانِ ḥurmatāni | الْحُرْمَتَانِ al-ḥurmatāni | حُرْمَتَا ḥurmatā |
Accusative | حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni | الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni | حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Genitive | حُرْمَتَيْنِ ḥurmatayni | الْحُرْمَتَيْنِ al-ḥurmatayni | حُرْمَتَيْ ḥurmatay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُرَم; حُرَمَات ḥuram; ḥuramāt | الْحُرَم; الْحُرَمَات al-ḥuram; al-ḥuramāt | حُرَم; حُرَمَات ḥuram; ḥuramāt |
Nominative | حُرَمٌ; حُرَمَاتٌ ḥuramun; ḥuramātun | الْحُرَمُ; الْحُرَمَاتُ al-ḥuramu; al-ḥuramātu | حُرَمُ; حُرَمَاتُ ḥuramu; ḥuramātu |
Accusative | حُرَمًا; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuraman; ḥuramātin | الْحُرَمَ; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurama; al-ḥuramāti | حُرَمَ; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurama; ḥuramāti |
Genitive | حُرَمٍ; حُرَمَاتٍ ḥuramin; ḥuramātin | الْحُرَمِ; الْحُرَمَاتِ al-ḥurami; al-ḥuramāti | حُرَمِ; حُرَمَاتِ ḥurami; ḥuramāti |
Descendants
- → Avar: хӏурмат (ḥʳurmat)
- → Azerbaijani: hörmət
- → Bashkir: хөрмәт (xörmät)
- → Bengali: হুরমত (hurmôt)
- → Indonesian: hormat
- → Kazakh: құрмет (qūrmet)
- → Ottoman Turkish: حرمت
- Turkish: hürmet
- → Pashto: حرمت
- → Persian: حرمت (hormat)
- → Urdu: حرمت (hurmat)
- → Tabasaran: гьюрмат (hjurmat)
- → Turkmen: hormat
- → Uzbek: hurmat
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
Noun
حِرْمَة • (ḥirma) f
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
- rut
- deception
Declension
Declension of noun حِرْمَة (ḥirma)
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِرْمَة ḥirma | الْحِرْمَة al-ḥirma | حِرْمَة ḥirmat |
Nominative | حِرْمَةٌ ḥirmatun | الْحِرْمَةُ al-ḥirmatu | حِرْمَةُ ḥirmatu |
Accusative | حِرْمَةً ḥirmatan | الْحِرْمَةَ al-ḥirmata | حِرْمَةَ ḥirmata |
Genitive | حِرْمَةٍ ḥirmatin | الْحِرْمَةِ al-ḥirmati | حِرْمَةِ ḥirmati |
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “حرمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic حُرْمَة (ḥurma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈħurma/
Noun
حرمة • (ḥurma) f (construct state حرمة (ḥurmat), dual حرمتين (ḥurmatēn), plural حريم (ḥarīm))
- woman
See also
- Synonym: (rarely used and only used in the context of wife) مرة (mara)