حرام
See also: حزام
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ح ر م (ḥ-r-m), related to Hebrew חֵרֶם (ḥērem, “taboo, consecration”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.raːm/
Adjective
حَرَام • (ḥarām) (feminine حَرَام (ḥarām), common plural حُرُم (ḥurum))
- forbidden, interdicted, unlawful
- اِبْنِ حَرَام ― ibni ḥarām ― illegitimate son, bastard
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 10:59:
- قُلۡ أَرَءَيۡتُم مَّاۤ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّٰهُ لَكُم مِّن رِّزۡقࣲ فَجَعَلۡتُم مِّنۡهُ حَرَامࣰا وَحَلَـٰلࣰا قُلۡ ءَاۤللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمۡ ۖ أَمۡ عَلَى ٱللَّٰهِ تَفۡتَرُونَ
- qul ʾa-raʾaytum mā ʾanzala l-lahu lakum min rizqin fa-jaʿaltum minhu ḥarāman wa-ḥalālan qul ʾāllāhu ʾaḏina lakum ʾam ʿalā llāhi taftarūna
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- ill-gotten; stolen
- inviolable, taboo
- اَلْأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ ― al-ʾašhuru l-ḥurumu ― The sacred months.
- sacred, sacrosanct
- cursed, accursed
Declension
Declension of adjective حَرَام (ḥarām)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | basic singular triptote | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حَرَام ḥarām | الْحَرَام al-ḥarām | حَرَام ḥarām | الْحَرَام al-ḥarām |
| Nominative | حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun | الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu | حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun | الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu |
| Accusative | حَرَامًا ḥarāman | الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma | حَرَامًا ḥarāman | الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma |
| Genitive | حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin | الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi | حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin | الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حَرَام; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām; ḥarāmayn | الْحَرَام; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām; al-ḥarāmayn | حَرَام; حَرَامَيْن ḥarām; ḥarāmayn | الْحَرَام; الْحَرَامَيْن al-ḥarām; al-ḥarāmayn |
| Nominative | حَرَامٌ; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun; ḥarāmāni | الْحَرَامُ; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥarāmāni | حَرَامٌ; حَرَامَانِ ḥarāmun; ḥarāmāni | الْحَرَامُ; الْحَرَامَانِ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥarāmāni |
| Accusative | حَرَامًا; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman; ḥarāmayni | الْحَرَامَ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥarāmayni | حَرَامًا; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāman; ḥarāmayni | الْحَرَامَ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥarāmayni |
| Genitive | حَرَامٍ; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin; ḥarāmayni | الْحَرَامِ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥarāmayni | حَرَامٍ; حَرَامَيْنِ ḥarāmin; ḥarāmayni | الْحَرَامِ; الْحَرَامَيْنِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥarāmayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | حَرَام; حُرُم ḥarām; ḥurum | الْحَرَام; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām; al-ḥurum | حَرَام; حُرُم ḥarām; ḥurum | الْحَرَام; الْحُرُم al-ḥarām; al-ḥurum |
| Nominative | حَرَامٌ; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun; ḥurumun | الْحَرَامُ; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥurumu | حَرَامٌ; حُرُمٌ ḥarāmun; ḥurumun | الْحَرَامُ; الْحُرُمُ al-ḥarāmu; al-ḥurumu |
| Accusative | حَرَامًا; حُرُمًا ḥarāman; ḥuruman | الْحَرَامَ; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥuruma | حَرَامًا; حُرُمًا ḥarāman; ḥuruman | الْحَرَامَ; الْحُرُمَ al-ḥarāma; al-ḥuruma |
| Genitive | حَرَامٍ; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin; ḥurumin | الْحَرَامِ; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥurumi | حَرَامٍ; حُرُمٍ ḥarāmin; ḥurumin | الْحَرَامِ; الْحُرُمِ al-ḥarāmi; al-ḥurumi |
Antonyms
- حَلَال (ḥalāl)
Noun
حَرَام • (ḥarām) m
- verbal noun of حَرِمَ (ḥarima) (form I)
- verbal noun of حَرُمَ (ḥaruma) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun حَرَام (ḥarām)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَرَام ḥarām | الْحَرَام al-ḥarām | حَرَام ḥarām |
| Nominative | حَرَامٌ ḥarāmun | الْحَرَامُ al-ḥarāmu | حَرَامُ ḥarāmu |
| Accusative | حَرَامًا ḥarāman | الْحَرَامَ al-ḥarāma | حَرَامَ ḥarāma |
| Genitive | حَرَامٍ ḥarāmin | الْحَرَامِ al-ḥarāmi | حَرَامِ ḥarāmi |
Etymology 2
A modern coinage, having its name because of the resemblance to the إِحْرام (ʾiḥrām) of Mecca pilgrims.
Noun
حِرَام • (ḥirām) m (plural حِرَامَات (ḥirāmāt) or أَحْرِمَة (ʾaḥrima))
- woolen blanket, cloak (worn as a garment)
Declension
Declension of noun حِرَام (ḥirām)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حِرَام ḥirām | الْحِرَام al-ḥirām | حِرَام ḥirām |
| Nominative | حِرَامٌ ḥirāmun | الْحِرَامُ al-ḥirāmu | حِرَامُ ḥirāmu |
| Accusative | حِرَامًا ḥirāman | الْحِرَامَ al-ḥirāma | حِرَامَ ḥirāma |
| Genitive | حِرَامٍ ḥirāmin | الْحِرَامِ al-ḥirāmi | حِرَامِ ḥirāmi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | حِرَامَيْن ḥirāmayn | الْحِرَامَيْن al-ḥirāmayn | حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| Nominative | حِرَامَانِ ḥirāmāni | الْحِرَامَانِ al-ḥirāmāni | حِرَامَا ḥirāmā |
| Accusative | حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni | الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni | حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| Genitive | حِرَامَيْنِ ḥirāmayni | الْحِرَامَيْنِ al-ḥirāmayni | حِرَامَيْ ḥirāmay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حِرَامَات; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt; ʾaḥrima | الْحِرَامَات; الْأَحْرِمَة al-ḥirāmāt; al-ʾaḥrima | حِرَامَات; أَحْرِمَة ḥirāmāt; ʾaḥrimat |
| Nominative | حِرَامَاتٌ; أَحْرِمَةٌ ḥirāmātun; ʾaḥrimatun | الْحِرَامَاتُ; الْأَحْرِمَةُ al-ḥirāmātu; al-ʾaḥrimatu | حِرَامَاتُ; أَحْرِمَةُ ḥirāmātu; ʾaḥrimatu |
| Accusative | حِرَامَاتٍ; أَحْرِمَةً ḥirāmātin; ʾaḥrimatan | الْحِرَامَاتِ; الْأَحْرِمَةَ al-ḥirāmāti; al-ʾaḥrimata | حِرَامَاتِ; أَحْرِمَةَ ḥirāmāti; ʾaḥrimata |
| Genitive | حِرَامَاتٍ; أَحْرِمَةٍ ḥirāmātin; ʾaḥrimatin | الْحِرَامَاتِ; الْأَحْرِمَةِ al-ḥirāmāti; al-ʾaḥrimati | حِرَامَاتِ; أَحْرِمَةِ ḥirāmāti; ʾaḥrimati |
References
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “حرام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 250
- Worrell, William Hoyt (1935), “More about Arabic Terms for ”Rug””, in Ars Islamica, volume 2, issue 1, DOI:, page 68
Persian
Alternative forms
- (Tehrani) حروم (harum)
Etymology
From Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /haˈɾɑːm/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /haˈɾɑːm/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /hæˈɾɒːm/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /haˈɾɔm/
Adjective
| Dari | حرام |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҳаром (harom) |
حرام • (harâm)
- (Islam) haram
- forbidden
- illegitimate
- analogous to saying "poor thing" as an expression of compassion towards the suffering
Antonyms
- حلال (halâl)
Derived terms
- حرامزاده (harâmzâde)
- حرامزادگی (harâmzâdegi)
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح ر م |
Etymology 1
From Arabic حَرَام (ḥarām).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.raːm/, [ħaˈrˤɑːm]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Adjective
حرام • (ḥarām) (feminine حرام (ḥarām))
- forbidden, unlawful
- Synonym: ممنوع (mamnūʕ)
- sacred, holy
- Synonym: مقدس (muqaddas)
- (Islam) haram
Antonyms
- حلال (ḥalāl)
Noun
حرام • (ḥarām) m
- taboo, shame
See also
- حرّم (ḥarram, “to prohibit”)
Etymology 2
From Arabic إِحْرَام (ʾiḥrām).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħraːm/, [ħrˤɑːm]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Noun
حرام • (ḥrām) m (plural حرامات (ḥrāmāt))
- blanket
- Synonym: بطانية (baṭṭāniyye)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian حرام (harām), from Arabic حرام (ḥarām)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦə.ɾɑːm/
Adjective
حرام • (harām) (Hindi spelling हराम)
- forbidden
- unlawful
- (Islam) haram
Ushojo
Etymology
From Urdu حرام (harām).
Adjective
حرام (harām)
- forbidden
- unlawful
- (Islam) haram