حبق
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ح ب ق (ḥ-b-q).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.ba.qa/
Verb
حَبَقَ • (ḥabaqa) I, non-past يَحْبِقُ (yaḥbiqu) (obsolete)
- to pass gas
Conjugation
Conjugation of
حَبَقَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns حَبْق or حُباق)| verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | حَبْق or حُباق ḥabq or ḥubāq | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | حَابِق ḥābiq | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَحْبُوق maḥbūq | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | حَبَقْتُ ḥabaqtu | حَبَقْتَ ḥabaqta | حَبَقَ ḥabaqa | حَبَقْتُمَا ḥabaqtumā | حَبَقَا ḥabaqā | حَبَقْنَا ḥabaqnā | حَبَقْتُمْ ḥabaqtum | حَبَقُوا ḥabaqū | |||
| f | حَبَقْتِ ḥabaqti | حَبَقَتْ ḥabaqat | حَبَقَتَا ḥabaqatā | حَبَقْتُنَّ ḥabaqtunna | حَبَقْنَ ḥabaqna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَحْبِقُ ʾaḥbiqu | تَحْبِقُ taḥbiqu | يَحْبِقُ yaḥbiqu | تَحْبِقَانِ taḥbiqāni | يَحْبِقَانِ yaḥbiqāni | نَحْبِقُ naḥbiqu | تَحْبِقُونَ taḥbiqūna | يَحْبِقُونَ yaḥbiqūna | |||
| f | تَحْبِقِينَ taḥbiqīna | تَحْبِقُ taḥbiqu | تَحْبِقَانِ taḥbiqāni | تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna | يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَحْبِقَ ʾaḥbiqa | تَحْبِقَ taḥbiqa | يَحْبِقَ yaḥbiqa | تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā | يَحْبِقَا yaḥbiqā | نَحْبِقَ naḥbiqa | تَحْبِقُوا taḥbiqū | يَحْبِقُوا yaḥbiqū | |||
| f | تَحْبِقِي taḥbiqī | تَحْبِقَ taḥbiqa | تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā | تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna | يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَحْبِقْ ʾaḥbiq | تَحْبِقْ taḥbiq | يَحْبِقْ yaḥbiq | تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā | يَحْبِقَا yaḥbiqā | نَحْبِقْ naḥbiq | تَحْبِقُوا taḥbiqū | يَحْبِقُوا yaḥbiqū | |||
| f | تَحْبِقِي taḥbiqī | تَحْبِقْ taḥbiq | تَحْبِقَا taḥbiqā | تَحْبِقْنَ taḥbiqna | يَحْبِقْنَ yaḥbiqna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِحْبِقْ iḥbiq | اِحْبِقَا iḥbiqā | اِحْبِقُوا iḥbiqū | ||||||||
| f | اِحْبِقِي iḥbiqī | اِحْبِقْنَ iḥbiqna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | — | — | حُبِقَ ḥubiqa | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | — | — | يُحْبَقُ yuḥbaqu | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | — | — | يُحْبَقَ yuḥbaqa | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | — | — | يُحْبَقْ yuḥbaq | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
Noun
حَبْق • (ḥabq) m (obsolete)
- verbal noun of حَبَقَ (ḥabaqa) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun حَبْق (ḥabq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَبْق ḥabq | الْحَبْق al-ḥabq | حَبْق ḥabq |
| Nominative | حَبْقٌ ḥabqun | الْحَبْقُ al-ḥabqu | حَبْقُ ḥabqu |
| Accusative | حَبْقًا ḥabqan | الْحَبْقَ al-ḥabqa | حَبْقَ ḥabqa |
| Genitive | حَبْقٍ ḥabqin | الْحَبْقِ al-ḥabqi | حَبْقِ ḥabqi |
Etymology 2
حَبَق – Ocimum basilicum
From the root ح ب ق (ḥ-b-q) meaning “to break wind or pass gas”, “to change the smell of air”; originally applied to a wide range of odorous herbs, so called for the aroma released when rubbing such plants. See رَيْحَان (rayḥān, “basil”) for similar semantic development. Cognates with Classical Syriac ܚܘܟܐ (ḥawkā, “basil”) which has been borrowed as حَوْك (ḥawk); although the ending of the form حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā), which was used in the sense of “sweet clover (Melilotus); horned trefoil (Trigonella corniculata)” in 9th century Iraq,[1][2] may point to a loan from an Aramaic, of which the Syriac and Arabic would be the only, late remnants.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħa.baq/
Noun
حَبَق • (ḥabaq) m
- a general name for aromatic Lamiaceae
- (now especially) basil (Ocimum gen. et spp.)
- (Classical Arabic) mint (Mentha spp.), when without any qualifier then usually pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)
Declension
Declension of noun حَبَق (ḥabaq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | حَبَق ḥabaq | الْحَبَق al-ḥabaq | حَبَق ḥabaq |
| Nominative | حَبَقٌ ḥabaqun | الْحَبَقُ al-ḥabaqu | حَبَقُ ḥabaqu |
| Accusative | حَبَقًا ḥabaqan | الْحَبَقَ al-ḥabaqa | حَبَقَ ḥabaqa |
| Genitive | حَبَقٍ ḥabaqin | الْحَبَقِ al-ḥabaqi | حَبَقِ ḥabaqi |
Descendants
- Maltese: ħabaq
- → Asturian: albahaca
- → Catalan: alfàbrega, alfabaguera, alfabreguera, alfàbega
- → Spanish: alhábega
- → Galician: alfábega
- → Ladino: alhabaca
- → Portuguese: alfavaca, alfabaca, alfádega, alfávega
- → Old Spanish: albafaca
- Spanish: albahaca
References
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “حبق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 336
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “حبق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 369
- In Ibn al-Bayṭār Compendium with taṣḥīf mentioned as an Iraqi word: حيافي: هو الحندقوقة بلغة أهل العراق وسيأتي; then حندقوقي بري: هو الذرق والحباقي; an actual employment of حباقا is in ʾAbū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī’s Book of Plants, whence it was only copied, as a foreign word, in مروان بن جناح [Marwān ibn Janāḥ] (a. 1050), Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, editors, كتاب التلخيص [kitāb at-talḵīṣ] [On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs] (in Arabic), Leiden: Brill, published 2020, DOI:, →ISBN, 389 (fol. 35r, 15–16), page 559, while 341 (fol. 32r, 13–16), page 520 from Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq’s Kunnāš as a Ḥīrīy designation.
- But all registers of Andalusian Arabic used حَبَق (ḥabaq) for “basil”, حَبَاقَى (ḥabāqā), حَبَاقَا (ḥabāqā) for this meaning is counterindicated by the Andalusi Arabic attestation, nor can one, like Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1984), “albahaca”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 112 uninformedly does, explain the stresses of the Romance borrowings by an analogy with other Arabic borrowings like Spanish almazara, at best one may do this for the apparent singulative ending, for Classical Arabic and hence Maghrebi dialects always had oxytone stress in words containing no long syllable before the last, as has been made clear by Blau, Joshua (1972), “Middle and Old Arabic Material for the History of Stress in Arabic”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 35, issue 3, pages 476–484.
Hijazi Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħabaɡ/
Noun
حبق • (ḥabag) m
- Ocimum (taxonomic plant genus)
- Synonym: نعناع المدينة
See also
- ريحان (rēḥān, “basil”)
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic حَبَق (ḥabaq).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħbaq/
Audio (file)
Noun
حبق • (ḥbaq) m (plural حبوقة (ḥbūqa))
- basil
- vase
- Synonym: فاز (vāz)
- حط هاد النوار فداكالحبق اللي على شمالك.
- ḥuṭṭ hād en-nuwwār f-dāk la-ḥbaq elli ʕla šmālak.
- Put these flowers on that vase on your left.