حامض

حامض

Arabic

Root
ح م ض‎ (ḥ-m-ḍ)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֹמֶץ‎ (ḥómɛṣ, “vinegar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.midˤ/
  • (Gulf (Kuwait)) IPA^(key): /ˈħɑː.mɪðˤ/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حَامِضَة‎ (ḥāmiḍa), masculine plural حَامِضُونَ‎ (ḥāmiḍūna), feminine plural حَامِضَات‎ (ḥāmiḍāt) or حَوَامِض‎ (ḥawāmiḍ))

1. sour, acidic

   Synonym: حَمْضِيّ‎ (ḥamḍiyy)

   Antonym: مُرّ‎ (murr)

Declension

Declension of adjective حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ	الْحَامِض‎ al-ḥāmiḍ	حَامِضَة‎ ḥāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَة‎ al-ḥāmiḍa
Nominative	حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun	الْحَامِضُ‎ al-ḥāmiḍu	حَامِضَةٌ‎ ḥāmiḍatun	الْحَامِضَةُ‎ al-ḥāmiḍatu
Accusative	حَامِضًا‎ ḥāmiḍan	الْحَامِضَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍa	حَامِضَةً‎ ḥāmiḍatan	الْحَامِضَةَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍata
Genitive	حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin	الْحَامِضِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍi	حَامِضَةٍ‎ ḥāmiḍatin	الْحَامِضَةِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِضَيْن‎ ḥāmiḍayn	الْحَامِضَيْن‎ al-ḥāmiḍayn	حَامِضَتَيْن‎ ḥāmiḍatayn	الْحَامِضَتَيْن‎ al-ḥāmiḍatayn
Nominative	حَامِضَانِ‎ ḥāmiḍāni	الْحَامِضَانِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍāni	حَامِضَتَانِ‎ ḥāmiḍatāni	الْحَامِضَتَانِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍatāni
Accusative	حَامِضَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَتَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍatayni	الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍatayni
Genitive	حَامِضَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَتَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍatayni	الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِضِين‎ ḥāmiḍīn	الْحَامِضِين‎ al-ḥāmiḍīn	حَامِضَات‎‎; حَوَامِض‎ ḥāmiḍāt‎; ḥawāmiḍ	الْحَامِضَات‎‎; الْحَوَامِض‎ al-ḥāmiḍāt‎; al-ḥawāmiḍ
Nominative	حَامِضُونَ‎ ḥāmiḍūna	الْحَامِضُونَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍūna	حَامِضَاتٌ‎‎; حَوَامِضُ‎ ḥāmiḍātun‎; ḥawāmiḍu	الْحَامِضَاتُ‎‎; الْحَوَامِضُ‎ al-ḥāmiḍātu‎; al-ḥawāmiḍu
Accusative	حَامِضِينَ‎ ḥāmiḍīna	الْحَامِضِينَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍīna	حَامِضَاتٍ‎‎; حَوَامِضَ‎ ḥāmiḍātin‎; ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَاتِ‎‎; الْحَوَامِضَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍāti‎; al-ḥawāmiḍa
Genitive	حَامِضِينَ‎ ḥāmiḍīna	الْحَامِضِينَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍīna	حَامِضَاتٍ‎‎; حَوَامِضَ‎ ḥāmiḍātin‎; ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَاتِ‎‎; الْحَوَامِضِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍāti‎; al-ḥawāmiḍi

Noun

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (plural حَوَامِض‎ (ḥawāmiḍ))

1. (chemistry) acid

   Synonym: حِمْض‎ (ḥimḍ)

   Antonyms: قَاعِدَة‎ (qāʿida), قَلَوِيّ‎ (qalawiyy)

Declension

Declension of noun حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ	الْحَامِض‎ al-ḥāmiḍ	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ
Nominative	حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun	الْحَامِضُ‎ al-ḥāmiḍu	حَامِضُ ḥāmiḍu
Accusative	حَامِضًا‎ ḥāmiḍan	الْحَامِضَ‎ al-ḥāmiḍa	حَامِضَ ḥāmiḍa
Genitive	حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin	الْحَامِضِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍi	حَامِضِ ḥāmiḍi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَامِضَيْن‎ ḥāmiḍayn	الْحَامِضَيْن‎ al-ḥāmiḍayn	حَامِضَيْ‎ ḥāmiḍay
Nominative	حَامِضَانِ‎ ḥāmiḍāni	الْحَامِضَانِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍāni	حَامِضَا‎ ḥāmiḍā
Accusative	حَامِضَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَيْ‎ ḥāmiḍay
Genitive	حَامِضَيْنِ‎ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَيْ‎ ḥāmiḍay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَامِض‎ ḥawāmiḍ	الْحَوَامِض‎ al-ḥawāmiḍ	حَوَامِض‎ ḥawāmiḍ
Nominative	حَوَامِضُ‎ ḥawāmiḍu	الْحَوَامِضُ‎ al-ḥawāmiḍu	حَوَامِضُ‎ ḥawāmiḍu
Accusative	حَوَامِضَ‎ ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَوَامِضَ‎ al-ḥawāmiḍa	حَوَامِضَ‎ ḥawāmiḍa
Genitive	حَوَامِضَ‎ ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَوَامِضِ‎ al-ḥawāmiḍi	حَوَامِضِ‎ ḥawāmiḍi

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Moroccan Arabic

Root
ح م ض‎
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض‎ (ḥāmiḍ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.midˤ/

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (collective, singulative حامضة‎ f (ḥāmḍa), plural حامضات‎ (ḥāmḍāt))

1. lemon

Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حامضة‎ (ḥāmḍa), masculine plural حامضين‎ (ḥāmḍīn), feminine plural حامضات‎ (ḥāmḍāt), elative أحمض‎ (ʔaḥmaḍ) or حمض‎ (ḥmaḍ))

1. sour
2. unfunny

   ‏هاد النكتة حامضة بحال ديما.‎‎

   hād en-nukta ḥāmḍa bḥāl dīma

   This joke is unfunny as always.

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَامِض‎ (ḥāmiḍ, “sour, acidic; acid”).

Adjective

حامض • (hamız)

1. sour, acid, sharp, or biting to the taste

   Synonym: اكشی‎ (ekşi)

Noun

حامض • (hamız) (plural حامضات‎ (hamızat))

1. (chemistry) acid, any compound capable of either donating a proton, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair

Derived terms

• حامض بروم‎ (hamız-ı brom, “bromic acid”)
• حامض جبن‎ (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)
• حامض قهوه‎ (hamız-ı kahve, “caffeic acid”)
• حامض كبریت‎ (hamız-ı kibrit, “sulfuric acid”)
• حامضلاتمق‎ (hamızlatmak, “to acidulate”)
• حامضلاشمق‎ (hamızlaşmak, “to let be acidulated”)
• حامضلانمق‎ (hamızlanmak, “to become acid”)
• حامض لیمون‎ (hamız-ı limon, “citric acid”)
• حامضی‎ (hamizi, “acid”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hamız

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “hamız”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1858
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “حامض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 494
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Acer”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 13
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “حامض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1715
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “حامض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 757

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح م ض‎

Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض‎ (ḥāmiḍ).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.medˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mɪdˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) (feminine حامضة‎ (ḥāmḍa), elative أحمض‎ (ʾaḥmaḍ))

1. sour
2. acid

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) m (plural حوامض‎ (ḥawāmeḍ))

1. acid

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.mudˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mʊdˤ]

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmoḍ) m

1. (Galilee, uncountable) lemons

   ‏حبّةحامض‎ ― ḥabbet ḥāmod ― a lemon

   Synonym: لمون‎ (lamūn)