حال

حال

See also: خال‎ and چال‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ح و ل‎ (ḥ-w-l).

Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I, non-past يَحُولُ‎‎ (yaḥūlu)

1. to change, to be transformed
2. to shift, to turn, to pass, (transitive or with إِلَى‎ (ʾilā)) to grow into, (with إِلَى‎ (ʾilā)) to become
3. to deviate, to depart, to dodge, to evade (with عَنْ‎ (ʿan))
4. to elapse, to pass, to go by

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَالَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns حَوْل or حُؤُول)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						حَوْل‎ or حُؤُول‎ ḥawl or ḥuʾūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَائِل‎ ḥāʾil
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُلْتُ‎ ḥultu	حُلْتَ‎ ḥulta	حَالَ ḥāla		حُلْتُمَا‎ ḥultumā	حَالَا‎ ḥālā		حُلْنَا‎ ḥulnā	حُلْتُمْ‎ ḥultum	حَالُوا‎ ḥālū
	f		حُلْتِ‎ ḥulti	حَالَتْ‎ ḥālat			حَالَتَا‎ ḥālatā			حُلْتُنَّ‎ ḥultunna	حُلْنَ‎ ḥulna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحُولُ‎ ʾaḥūlu	تَحُولُ‎ taḥūlu	يَحُولُ‎ yaḥūlu		تَحُولَانِ‎ taḥūlāni	يَحُولَانِ‎ yaḥūlāni		نَحُولُ‎ naḥūlu	تَحُولُونَ‎ taḥūlūna	يَحُولُونَ‎ yaḥūlūna
	f		تَحُولِينَ‎ taḥūlīna	تَحُولُ‎ taḥūlu			تَحُولَانِ‎ taḥūlāni			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحُولَ‎ ʾaḥūla	تَحُولَ‎ taḥūla	يَحُولَ‎ yaḥūla		تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā	يَحُولَا‎ yaḥūlā		نَحُولَ‎ naḥūla	تَحُولُوا‎ taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا‎ yaḥūlū
	f		تَحُولِي‎ taḥūlī	تَحُولَ‎ taḥūla			تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحُلْ‎ ʾaḥul	تَحُلْ‎ taḥul	يَحُلْ‎ yaḥul		تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā	يَحُولَا‎ yaḥūlā		نَحُلْ‎ naḥul	تَحُولُوا‎ taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا‎ yaḥūlū
	f		تَحُولِي‎ taḥūlī	تَحُلْ‎ taḥul			تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حُلْ‎ ḥul			حُولَا‎ ḥūlā				حُولُوا‎ ḥūlū
	f		حُولِي‎ ḥūlī							حُلْنَ‎ ḥulna

Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I, non-past يَحُولُ‎‎ (yaḥūlu)

1. to intervene, to interfere, to interpose
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:24:

     ‏وَٱعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ المَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ‎

     wa-ʿlamū ʾanna llāha yaḥūlu bayna l-marʾi wa-qalbihi

     And know that God stands between a person and their heart […]

2. to prevent (with دُونَ‎ (dūna))

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَالَ

(form-I hollow, verbal nouns حَوْل or حَيْلُولَة or حُؤُول)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						حَوْل‎ or حَيْلُولَة‎ or حُؤُول‎ ḥawl or ḥaylūla or ḥuʾūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						حَائِل‎ ḥāʾil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَحُول‎ maḥūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُلْتُ‎ ḥultu	حُلْتَ‎ ḥulta	حَالَ ḥāla		حُلْتُمَا‎ ḥultumā	حَالَا‎ ḥālā		حُلْنَا‎ ḥulnā	حُلْتُمْ‎ ḥultum	حَالُوا‎ ḥālū
	f		حُلْتِ‎ ḥulti	حَالَتْ‎ ḥālat			حَالَتَا‎ ḥālatā			حُلْتُنَّ‎ ḥultunna	حُلْنَ‎ ḥulna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحُولُ‎ ʾaḥūlu	تَحُولُ‎ taḥūlu	يَحُولُ‎ yaḥūlu		تَحُولَانِ‎ taḥūlāni	يَحُولَانِ‎ yaḥūlāni		نَحُولُ‎ naḥūlu	تَحُولُونَ‎ taḥūlūna	يَحُولُونَ‎ yaḥūlūna
	f		تَحُولِينَ‎ taḥūlīna	تَحُولُ‎ taḥūlu			تَحُولَانِ‎ taḥūlāni			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحُولَ‎ ʾaḥūla	تَحُولَ‎ taḥūla	يَحُولَ‎ yaḥūla		تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā	يَحُولَا‎ yaḥūlā		نَحُولَ‎ naḥūla	تَحُولُوا‎ taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا‎ yaḥūlū
	f		تَحُولِي‎ taḥūlī	تَحُولَ‎ taḥūla			تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحُلْ‎ ʾaḥul	تَحُلْ‎ taḥul	يَحُلْ‎ yaḥul		تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā	يَحُولَا‎ yaḥūlā		نَحُلْ‎ naḥul	تَحُولُوا‎ taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا‎ yaḥūlū
	f		تَحُولِي‎ taḥūlī	تَحُلْ‎ taḥul			تَحُولَا‎ taḥūlā			تَحُلْنَ‎ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ‎ yaḥulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حُلْ‎ ḥul			حُولَا‎ ḥūlā				حُولُوا‎ ḥūlū
	f		حُولِي‎ ḥūlī							حُلْنَ‎ ḥulna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	حِيلَ‎ ḥīla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُحَالُ‎ yuḥālu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُحَالَ‎ yuḥāla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُحَلْ‎ yuḥal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

حَال • (ḥāl) m or f (plural أَحْوَال‎ (ʾaḥwāl))

1. condition, state, situation
2. position, status
3. attitude, bearing, posture
4. circumstance
5. case
6. present, actuality
7. matter, affair, concern

Declension

Declension of noun حَال (ḥāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَال ḥāl	الْحَال‎ al-ḥāl	حَال ḥāl
Nominative	حَالٌ ḥālun	الْحَالُ‎ al-ḥālu	حَالُ ḥālu
Accusative	حَالًا‎ ḥālan	الْحَالَ‎ al-ḥāla	حَالَ ḥāla
Genitive	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِ‎ al-ḥāli	حَالِ ḥāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَالَيْن‎ ḥālayn	الْحَالَيْن‎ al-ḥālayn	حَالَيْ‎ ḥālay
Nominative	حَالَانِ‎ ḥālāni	الْحَالَانِ‎ al-ḥālāni	حَالَا‎ ḥālā
Accusative	حَالَيْنِ‎ ḥālayni	الْحَالَيْنِ‎ al-ḥālayni	حَالَيْ‎ ḥālay
Genitive	حَالَيْنِ‎ ḥālayni	الْحَالَيْنِ‎ al-ḥālayni	حَالَيْ‎ ḥālay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَحْوَال‎ ʾaḥwāl	الْأَحْوَال‎ al-ʾaḥwāl	أَحْوَال‎ ʾaḥwāl
Nominative	أَحْوَالٌ‎ ʾaḥwālun	الْأَحْوَالُ‎ al-ʾaḥwālu	أَحْوَالُ‎ ʾaḥwālu
Accusative	أَحْوَالًا‎ ʾaḥwālan	الْأَحْوَالَ‎ al-ʾaḥwāla	أَحْوَالَ‎ ʾaḥwāla
Genitive	أَحْوَالٍ‎ ʾaḥwālin	الْأَحْوَالِ‎ al-ʾaḥwāli	أَحْوَالِ‎ ʾaḥwāli

Derived terms

• دَوَامُ الْحَالِ مِنَ الْمُحَالِ‎ (dawāmu l-ḥāli mina l-muḥāli)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: hal
• → Middle Armenian: հալ (hal)
  • Armenian: հալ (hal)
• → Bengali: হাল (hal)
• → Malay: hal
  • Indonesian: hal
• → Ottoman Turkish: حال‎ (hal)
  • Turkish: hâl
  • → Romanian: hal
  • → Bulgarian: хал (hal)
• → Persian: حال‎ (hâl)
  • → Hindi: हाल (hāl)
  • → Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
  • → Urdu: حال‎ (hāl)
• → Swahili: hali

Etymology 2

Adverbial accusative of حَال‎ (ḥāl, “circumstance”).

Preposition

حَالَ • (ḥāla)

1. during, right after, immediately upon

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					حَالَ (ḥāla)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	حَالِي‎ (ḥālī)			حَالَنَا‎ (ḥālanā)
Second person	حَالَكَ‎ (ḥālaka)	حَالَكِ‎ (ḥālaki)	حَالَكُمَا‎ (ḥālakumā)	حَالَكُمْ‎ (ḥālakum)	حَالَكُنَّ‎ (ḥālakunna)
Third person	حَالَهُ‎ (ḥālahu)	حَالَهَا‎ (ḥālahā)	حَالَهُمَا‎ (ḥālahumā)	حَالَهُمْ‎ (ḥālahum)	حَالَهُنَّ‎ (ḥālahunna)

Etymology 3

From the root ح ل ي‎ (ḥ-l-y).

Adjective

حَالٍ • (ḥālin) (feminine حَالِيَة‎ (ḥāliya), masculine plural حَوَالٍ‎ (ḥawālin), feminine plural حَالِيَات‎ (ḥāliyāt))

1. active participle of حَلَى‎ (ḥalā).
2. wearing an ornament or jewellery
3. having an ornament or jewellery

Declension

Declension of adjective حَالٍ (ḥālin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَالِي‎ ḥālī	الْحَالِي‎ al-ḥālī	حَالِيَة‎ ḥāliya	الْحَالِيَة‎ al-ḥāliya
Nominative	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِي‎ al-ḥālī	حَالِيَةٌ‎ ḥāliyatun	الْحَالِيَةُ‎ al-ḥāliyatu
Accusative	حَالِيًا‎ ḥāliyan	الْحَالِيَ‎ al-ḥāliya	حَالِيَةً‎ ḥāliyatan	الْحَالِيَةَ‎ al-ḥāliyata
Genitive	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِي‎ al-ḥālī	حَالِيَةٍ‎ ḥāliyatin	الْحَالِيَةِ‎ al-ḥāliyati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَالِيَيْن‎ ḥāliyayn	الْحَالِيَيْن‎ al-ḥāliyayn	حَالِيَتَيْن‎ ḥāliyatayn	الْحَالِيَتَيْن‎ al-ḥāliyatayn
Nominative	حَالِيَانِ‎ ḥāliyāni	الْحَالِيَانِ‎ al-ḥāliyāni	حَالِيَتَانِ‎ ḥāliyatāni	الْحَالِيَتَانِ‎ al-ḥāliyatāni
Accusative	حَالِيَيْنِ‎ ḥāliyayni	الْحَالِيَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāliyayni	حَالِيَتَيْنِ‎ ḥāliyatayni	الْحَالِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāliyatayni
Genitive	حَالِيَيْنِ‎ ḥāliyayni	الْحَالِيَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāliyayni	حَالِيَتَيْنِ‎ ḥāliyatayni	الْحَالِيَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḥāliyatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَوَالِي‎ ḥawālī	الْحَوَالِي‎ al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَات‎ ḥāliyāt	الْحَالِيَات‎ al-ḥāliyāt
Nominative	حَوَالٍ‎ ḥawālin	الْحَوَالِي‎ al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَاتٌ‎ ḥāliyātun	الْحَالِيَاتُ‎ al-ḥāliyātu
Accusative	حَوَالِيَ‎ ḥawāliya	الْحَوَالِيَ‎ al-ḥawāliya	حَالِيَاتٍ‎ ḥāliyātin	الْحَالِيَاتِ‎ al-ḥāliyāti
Genitive	حَوَالٍ‎ ḥawālin	الْحَوَالِي‎ al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَاتٍ‎ ḥāliyātin	الْحَالِيَاتِ‎ al-ḥāliyāti

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “حال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 338
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “حال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 444–445
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “حال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 673
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “حال”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 251–252
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “حال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 304

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North Levantine Arabic

Alternative forms

• حاله‎ (ḥāli) (noun only)

Etymology

From Arabic حال‎ (ḥāl).

Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural احوال‎ (aḥwāl))

1. condition; state
2. case; circumstance

Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)

1. (with personal suffix) -self; -selves (reflexive pronoun)

   ‏ما بفهم ناس ما هما الا حالا‎

   Ma bifham nās ma hamma illa ḥāla.

   I don't understand people who care only about themselves.

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic حَال‎ (ḥāl, “state, condition”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /hɑːl/

• (Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /hɑːl/

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /hɒːl/

• (Tajik) IPA^(key): /hɔl/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

حال • (hâl)

1. condition
2. state
3. health

Derived terms

• ترجمه حال‎ (tarjome-ye hâl)

Related terms

• حالت‎ (hâlat)

Descendants

• → Hindi: हाल (hāl)
• → Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
• → Urdu: حال‎ (hāl)

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح و ل‎

Etymology

From Arabic حَال‎ (ḥāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaːl/, [ħæːl]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural أحوال‎ (ʔaḥwāl))

1. state, condition
2. case, instance

Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)

1. (with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)

   Synonym: نفس‎ (nafs-)

Inflection

Inflected forms of حال
Base form					حال (ḥāl)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		حالي‎ (ḥāli)		حالنا‎ (ḥālna)
2nd person		حالك‎ (ḥālak)	حالك‎ (ḥālek)	حالكم‎ (ḥālkom)
3rd person		حاله‎ (ḥālo)	حالها‎ (ḥālha)	حالهم‎ (ḥālhom)

Derived terms

• لحال‎ (la-ḥāl-, “by oneself”)

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Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian حال‎ (hāl), from Arabic حَال‎ (ḥāl).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦɑːl/
• Rhymes: -ɑːl
• Homophone: ہال‎ (hāl)

Noun

حال • (hāl) m (plural حالات‎, Hindi spelling हाल)

1. state, condition
2. (time) present
3. status
4. circumstance

Declension

Declension of حال
	singular	plural
direct	حال‎ (hāl)	حال‎ (hāl)
oblique	حال‎ (hāl)	حالوں‎ (hālō̃)
vocative	حال‎ (hāl)	حالو‎ (hālō)

References

• “حال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “حال”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.