جوهر

جوهر

See also: جوہر‎ and خوهر‎

Arabic

Etymology

From Persian گوهر‎ (gowhar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaw.har/

Noun

جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (collective, singulative جَوْهَرَة‎ f (jawhara), plural جَوَاهِر‎ (jawāhir))

1. jewel(s)

   ‏جَوْهَر فَرْد‎‎ ― jawhar fard ― atom

2. precious stone(s)
3. pearl(s)
4. gem(s), gemstone(s)
5. any stone from which one may extract a profit
6. precious ore
7. veins of marble

Declension

Declension of noun جَوْهَر (jawhar)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَر jawhar	الْجَوْهَر‎ al-jawhar	جَوْهَر jawhar
Nominative	جَوْهَرٌ jawharun	الْجَوْهَرُ‎ al-jawharu	جَوْهَرُ jawharu
Accusative	جَوْهَرًا‎ jawharan	الْجَوْهَرَ‎ al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَ jawhara
Genitive	جَوْهَرٍ jawharin	الْجَوْهَرِ‎ al-jawhari	جَوْهَرِ jawhari
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَة‎ jawhara	الْجَوْهَرَة‎ al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَة‎ jawharat
Nominative	جَوْهَرَةٌ‎ jawharatun	الْجَوْهَرَةُ‎ al-jawharatu	جَوْهَرَةُ‎ jawharatu
Accusative	جَوْهَرَةً‎ jawharatan	الْجَوْهَرَةَ‎ al-jawharata	جَوْهَرَةَ‎ jawharata
Genitive	جَوْهَرَةٍ‎ jawharatin	الْجَوْهَرَةِ‎ al-jawharati	جَوْهَرَةِ‎ jawharati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَتَيْن‎ jawharatayn	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْن‎ al-jawharatayn	جَوْهَرَتَيْ‎ jawharatay
Nominative	جَوْهَرَتَانِ‎ jawharatāni	الْجَوْهَرَتَانِ‎ al-jawharatāni	جَوْهَرَتَا‎ jawharatā
Accusative	جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ‎ jawharatayni	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ‎ al-jawharatayni	جَوْهَرَتَيْ‎ jawharatay
Genitive	جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ‎ jawharatayni	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ‎ al-jawharatayni	جَوْهَرَتَيْ‎ jawharatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَات‎ jawharāt	الْجَوْهَرَات‎ al-jawharāt	جَوْهَرَات‎ jawharāt
Nominative	جَوْهَرَاتٌ‎ jawharātun	الْجَوْهَرَاتُ‎ al-jawharātu	جَوْهَرَاتُ‎ jawharātu
Accusative	جَوْهَرَاتٍ‎ jawharātin	الْجَوْهَرَاتِ‎ al-jawharāti	جَوْهَرَاتِ‎ jawharāti
Genitive	جَوْهَرَاتٍ‎ jawharātin	الْجَوْهَرَاتِ‎ al-jawharāti	جَوْهَرَاتِ‎ jawharāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوَاهِر‎ jawāhir	الْجَوَاهِر‎ al-jawāhir	جَوَاهِر‎ jawāhir
Nominative	جَوَاهِرُ‎ jawāhiru	الْجَوَاهِرُ‎ al-jawāhiru	جَوَاهِرُ‎ jawāhiru
Accusative	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرَ‎ al-jawāhira	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira
Genitive	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرِ‎ al-jawāhiri	جَوَاهِرِ‎ jawāhiri

Noun

جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (plural جَوَاهِر‎ (jawāhir))

1. essence (inherent nature), substance, matter, nature
2. soul
3. marrow
4. worth, excellence

Declension

Declension of noun جَوْهَر (jawhar)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَر jawhar	الْجَوْهَر‎ al-jawhar	جَوْهَر jawhar
Nominative	جَوْهَرٌ jawharun	الْجَوْهَرُ‎ al-jawharu	جَوْهَرُ jawharu
Accusative	جَوْهَرًا‎ jawharan	الْجَوْهَرَ‎ al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَ jawhara
Genitive	جَوْهَرٍ jawharin	الْجَوْهَرِ‎ al-jawhari	جَوْهَرِ jawhari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَيْن‎ jawharayn	الْجَوْهَرَيْن‎ al-jawharayn	جَوْهَرَيْ‎ jawharay
Nominative	جَوْهَرَانِ‎ jawharāni	الْجَوْهَرَانِ‎ al-jawharāni	جَوْهَرَا‎ jawharā
Accusative	جَوْهَرَيْنِ‎ jawharayni	الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ‎ al-jawharayni	جَوْهَرَيْ‎ jawharay
Genitive	جَوْهَرَيْنِ‎ jawharayni	الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ‎ al-jawharayni	جَوْهَرَيْ‎ jawharay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوَاهِر‎ jawāhir	الْجَوَاهِر‎ al-jawāhir	جَوَاهِر‎ jawāhir
Nominative	جَوَاهِرُ‎ jawāhiru	الْجَوَاهِرُ‎ al-jawāhiru	جَوَاهِرُ‎ jawāhiru
Accusative	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرَ‎ al-jawāhira	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira
Genitive	جَوَاهِرَ‎ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرِ‎ al-jawāhiri	جَوَاهِرِ‎ jawāhiri

Descendants

• Maltese: ġawhar
• → Chechen: жовхӏар (žowhar)
• → Kazakh: жауһар (jauhar)
• → Malay: jauhar
  • Indonesian: jauhar
• → Malay: Johor
  • → English: Johor, Johore
• → Middle Armenian: ջոհար (ǰohar), ջուար (ǰuar), ջօհար (ǰōhar), ջուհար (ǰuhar), ջաւհար (ǰawhar), ճոհար (čohar), ճուհար (čuhar), ճօհար (čōhar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جوهر‎ (cevher)
  • Turkish: cevher
  • → Greek: τζοβαΐρι (tzovaḯri)
  • → Romanian: giuvaier
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: џевер

    Latin: džever

• → Persian: جوهر‎ (jowhar)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: जौहर (jauhar)

    Urdu: جوہر‎ (jauhar)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi: ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar)

    Shahmukhi: جوہر‎ (jauhar)

• → Swahili: johari
• ⇒ Arabic: جواهر‎ pl (jawāhir)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863), “جوهر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “جوهر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “جوهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic جَوْهَر‎ (jawhar), itself from Persian گوهر‎ (gowhar), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒawhaɾ/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒawhaɾ/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒowhæɾ/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /d͡ʒavhaɾ/

Noun

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جواهر‎ (javâher))

1. (rare, obsolete or literary) jewel
2. (rare, obsolete or literary) gem
3. (rare, obsolete or literary) pearl

Noun

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جوهرها‎ (jowhar-hâ))

1. (philosophy) essence, substance
2. ink
3. dye
4. acid

Synonyms

• (acid): اسید‎ (asid)

Derived terms

• جوهر سرکه‎ (jowhar-e serke)
• جوهر گوگرد‎ (jowhar-e gugerd)
• جوهر لیمو‎ (jowhar-e limu)
• جوهر نمک‎ (jowhar-e namak)
• جوهر مورچه‎ (jowhar-e murče)
• جوهری‎ (jowhari)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जौहर (jauhar)

  Urdu: جوہر‎ (jauhar)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar)

  Shahmukhi: جوہر‎ (jauhar)