جن
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ج ن ن (j-n-n). Compare Hebrew גָּנַן (gānán, “to defend, to cover”).
Verb
جَنَّ • (janna) I, non-past يَجُنُّ (yajunnu)
- (transitive) to cover, to hide, to conceal, to veil
- (transitive) to envelop, to enshroud, to cloak, to screen
- (transitive) to descend, to fall, to become night
- 11 Century CE, Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, ترقب إذا جن الظلام زيارتي
- تَرَقَّبْ إِذَا جَنَّ الظَّلَامُ زِيَارَتِي / فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَ أَكْتَمَ لِلسِّرِّ
- taraqqab ʾiḏā janna ẓ-ẓalāmu ziyāratī / fa-ʾinnī raʾaytu l-layla ʾaktama li-s-sirri
- Await, when darkness falls, my visit. For I found the night to be a better keeper of secrets.
- 11 Century CE, Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, ترقب إذا جن الظلام زيارتي
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | جَنّ or جُنُون jann or junūn | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | جَانّ jānn | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَجْنُون majnūn | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جَنَنْتُ janantu | جَنَنْتَ jananta | جَنَّ janna | جَنَنْتُمَا janantumā | جَنَّا jannā | جَنَنَّا janannā | جَنَنْتُمْ janantum | جَنُّوا jannū | |||
f | جَنَنْتِ jananti | جَنَّتْ jannat | جَنَّتَا jannatā | جَنَنْتُنَّ janantunna | جَنَنَّ jananna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَجُنُّ ʾajunnu | تَجُنُّ tajunnu | يَجُنُّ yajunnu | تَجُنَّانِ tajunnāni | يَجُنَّانِ yajunnāni | نَجُنُّ najunnu | تَجُنُّونَ tajunnūna | يَجُنُّونَ yajunnūna | |||
f | تَجُنِّينَ tajunnīna | تَجُنُّ tajunnu | تَجُنَّانِ tajunnāni | تَجْنُنَّ tajnunna | يَجْنُنَّ yajnunna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَجُنَّ ʾajunna | تَجُنَّ tajunna | يَجُنَّ yajunna | تَجُنَّا tajunnā | يَجُنَّا yajunnā | نَجُنَّ najunna | تَجُنُّوا tajunnū | يَجُنُّوا yajunnū | |||
f | تَجُنِّي tajunnī | تَجُنَّ tajunna | تَجُنَّا tajunnā | تَجْنُنَّ tajnunna | يَجْنُنَّ yajnunna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَجُنَّ or أَجُنِّ or أَجْنُنْ ʾajunna or ʾajunni or ʾajnun | تَجُنَّ or تَجُنِّ or تَجْنُنْ tajunna or tajunni or tajnun | يَجُنَّ or يَجُنِّ or يَجْنُنْ yajunna or yajunni or yajnun | تَجُنَّا tajunnā | يَجُنَّا yajunnā | نَجُنَّ or نَجُنِّ or نَجْنُنْ najunna or najunni or najnun | تَجُنُّوا tajunnū | يَجُنُّوا yajunnū | |||
f | تَجُنِّي tajunnī | تَجُنَّ or تَجُنِّ or تَجْنُنْ tajunna or tajunni or tajnun | تَجُنَّا tajunnā | تَجْنُنَّ tajnunna | يَجْنُنَّ yajnunna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | جُنَّ or جُنِّ or اُجْنُنْ junna or junni or ujnun | جُنَّا junnā | جُنُّوا junnū | ||||||||
f | جُنِّي junnī | اُجْنُنَّ ujnunna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جُنِنْتُ junintu | جُنِنْتَ juninta | جُنَّ junna | جُنِنْتُمَا junintumā | جُنَّا junnā | جُنِنَّا juninnā | جُنِنْتُمْ junintum | جُنُّوا junnū | |||
f | جُنِنْتِ juninti | جُنَّتْ junnat | جُنَّتَا junnatā | جُنِنْتُنَّ junintunna | جُنِنَّ juninna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُجَنُّ ʾujannu | تُجَنُّ tujannu | يُجَنُّ yujannu | تُجَنَّانِ tujannāni | يُجَنَّانِ yujannāni | نُجَنُّ nujannu | تُجَنُّونَ tujannūna | يُجَنُّونَ yujannūna | |||
f | تُجَنِّينَ tujannīna | تُجَنُّ tujannu | تُجَنَّانِ tujannāni | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُجَنَّ ʾujanna | تُجَنَّ tujanna | يُجَنَّ yujanna | تُجَنَّا tujannā | يُجَنَّا yujannā | نُجَنَّ nujanna | تُجَنُّوا tujannū | يُجَنُّوا yujannū | |||
f | تُجَنِّي tujannī | تُجَنَّ tujanna | تُجَنَّا tujannā | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُجَنَّ or أُجَنِّ or أُجْنَنْ ʾujanna or ʾujanni or ʾujnan | تُجَنَّ or تُجَنِّ or تُجْنَنْ tujanna or tujanni or tujnan | يُجَنَّ or يُجَنِّ or يُجْنَنْ yujanna or yujanni or yujnan | تُجَنَّا tujannā | يُجَنَّا yujannā | نُجَنَّ or نُجَنِّ or نُجْنَنْ nujanna or nujanni or nujnan | تُجَنُّوا tujannū | يُجَنُّوا yujannū | |||
f | تُجَنِّي tujannī | تُجَنَّ or تُجَنِّ or تُجْنَنْ tujanna or tujanni or tujnan | تُجَنَّا tujannā | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna |
Related terms
- جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”)
- مِجَنّ (mijann, “shield”)
Etymology 2
Formally from the root ج ن ن (j-n-n), though most likely a back-formation from جِنِّي (jinnī), derived from Classical Syriac ܓܢܝ (gnē, “spirit, genie”), or its emphatic form Aramaic גניא (ginnāyā) or Classical Syriac ܓܢܝܐ (genyā), also meaning "a tutelary deity" or "Astaroth idols". Compare Latin genius.
Noun
جِنّ • (jinn) m (collective, singulative جِنِّيّ m (jinniyy) or جِنِّيَّة f (jinniyya))
- (collective) spiritual or otherwise unseen, undetectable, masked, or morphed beings that may be benevolent or helpful (agathodaemons, eudaemons), neutral, or malevolent (cacodemons); jinn, genies, genii, demons; elfkind, sprites
- Synonym: جِنَّة (jinna)
- (collective) any mythical beings in general (such as fairies, satyrs, nymphs, elves and goblins)
Usage notes
In Arabic and Islamic mythology and demonology, the genies (alternatively referred to in English using the transliteration jinn), are conceptualized as a race that lives on earth alongside humans and beasts. Genies, like humans, are not deemed wholly evil or good, but they are said to possess powers that screen them from humankind, such as shapeshifting, which allows them to take up the form of animals (usually snakes and serpents) or even humans. Evil, godless, malicious, or otherwise harmful genies may influence the world indirectly (often through the works of human agents, such as sorcerers and witches) or directly (through the actions of the genies themselves). For example, Saʿd ibn ʿUbādah, one of the companions of Muhammad, is said to have been supposedly assassinated by a genie who shot him with an arrow while he was urinating alone in the desert, and the second Caliph ʽUmar ibn al-Ḵaṭṭāb, as reported by Al-Munāwi in his Fayḍ al-Qadīr ("The Flow of the Ablest"), struck dead a غُول (ḡūl) (a kind of جِنّ (jinn)) with his sword, describing the creature as being "with a form like a human but with legs like those of a donkey". The جِنّ (jinn) are therefore not to be confused with the race of otherworldly creatures trapped in oil lamps as popularized in English, which, in Arabic, would be only a subtype of جِنّ (jinn), like the قُطْرُب (quṭrub, “lycanthrope”) and the سِعْلَاء (siʿlāʾ, “succubus”) and the chiefly Egyptian نَدَّاهَة (“a kind of murderous enchanting river-nymphs or succubi”). For more information, see the Wikipedia article on Jinn.
The word is also sometimes indiscriminately used when translating the non-Arabic names of other mythological beings (especially fairies and elves). This, however, often creates much confusion, and so various Arabicized forms of the original denominations may be used to avoid this.
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِنّ jinn | الْجِنّ al-jinn | جِنّ jinn |
Nominative | جِنٌّ jinnun | الْجِنُّ al-jinnu | جِنُّ jinnu |
Accusative | جِنًّا jinnan | الْجِنَّ al-jinna | جِنَّ jinna |
Genitive | جِنٍّ jinnin | الْجِنِّ al-jinni | جِنِّ jinni |
Singulative | basic singulative triptote; singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِنِّي; جِنِّيَّة jinnī; jinniyya | الْجِنِّي; الْجِنِّيَّة al-jinnī; al-jinniyya | جِنِّي; جِنِّيَّة jinnī; jinniyyat |
Nominative | جِنِّيٌّ; جِنِّيَّةٌ jinniyyun; jinniyyatun | الْجِنِّيُّ; الْجِنِّيَّةُ al-jinniyyu; al-jinniyyatu | جِنِّيُّ; جِنِّيَّةُ jinniyyu; jinniyyatu |
Accusative | جِنِّيًّا; جِنِّيَّةً jinniyyan; jinniyyatan | الْجِنِّيَّ; الْجِنِّيَّةَ al-jinniyya; al-jinniyyata | جِنِّيَّ; جِنِّيَّةَ jinniyya; jinniyyata |
Genitive | جِنِّيٍّ; جِنِّيَّةٍ jinniyyin; jinniyyatin | الْجِنِّيِّ; الْجِنِّيَّةِ al-jinniyyi; al-jinniyyati | جِنِّيِّ; جِنِّيَّةِ jinniyyi; jinniyyati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جِنِّيَّيْن; جِنِّيَّتَيْن jinniyyayn; jinniyyatayn | الْجِنِّيَّيْن; الْجِنِّيَّتَيْن al-jinniyyayn; al-jinniyyatayn | جِنِّيَّيْ; جِنِّيَّتَيْ jinniyyay; jinniyyatay |
Nominative | جِنِّيَّانِ; جِنِّيَّتَانِ jinniyyāni; jinniyyatāni | الْجِنِّيَّانِ; الْجِنِّيَّتَانِ al-jinniyyāni; al-jinniyyatāni | جِنِّيَّا; جِنِّيَّتَا jinniyyā; jinniyyatā |
Accusative | جِنِّيَّيْنِ; جِنِّيَّتَيْنِ jinniyyayni; jinniyyatayni | الْجِنِّيَّيْنِ; الْجِنِّيَّتَيْنِ al-jinniyyayni; al-jinniyyatayni | جِنِّيَّيْ; جِنِّيَّتَيْ jinniyyay; jinniyyatay |
Genitive | جِنِّيَّيْنِ; جِنِّيَّتَيْنِ jinniyyayni; jinniyyatayni | الْجِنِّيَّيْنِ; الْجِنِّيَّتَيْنِ al-jinniyyayni; al-jinniyyatayni | جِنِّيَّيْ; جِنِّيَّتَيْ jinniyyay; jinniyyatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound masculine paucal; sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِنِّيِّين; جِنِّيَّات jinniyyīn; jinniyyāt | الْجِنِّيِّين; الْجِنِّيَّات al-jinniyyīn; al-jinniyyāt | جِنِّيِّي; جِنِّيَّات jinniyyī; jinniyyāt |
Nominative | جِنِّيُّونَ; جِنِّيَّاتٌ jinniyyūna; jinniyyātun | الْجِنِّيُّونَ; الْجِنِّيَّاتُ al-jinniyyūna; al-jinniyyātu | جِنِّيُّو; جِنِّيَّاتُ jinniyyū; jinniyyātu |
Accusative | جِنِّيِّينَ; جِنِّيَّاتٍ jinniyyīna; jinniyyātin | الْجِنِّيِّينَ; الْجِنِّيَّاتِ al-jinniyyīna; al-jinniyyāti | جِنِّيِّي; جِنِّيَّاتِ jinniyyī; jinniyyāti |
Genitive | جِنِّيِّينَ; جِنِّيَّاتٍ jinniyyīna; jinniyyātin | الْجِنِّيِّينَ; الْجِنِّيَّاتِ al-jinniyyīna; al-jinniyyāti | جِنِّيِّي; جِنِّيَّاتِ jinniyyī; jinniyyāti |
Descendants
- → Swahili: jini
- → Kazakh: жын (jyn)
See also
- نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
- غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)
Etymology 3
Denominal verb from جِنّ (jinn, “jinn; spirit, demon”), leveled to the root ج ن ن (j-n-n).
Verb
جُنَّ • (junna) I, non-past يُجَنُّ (yujannu)
- (passive) to be possessed
- (passive) to seem or act as if possessed, to be insane, to be crazy, to be mad, to be deranged
- (passive) to be obsessed; to be infatuated
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر | جَنّ or جُنُون or جِنَّة jann or junūn or jinna | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَجْنُون majnūn | |||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جُنِنْتُ junintu | جُنِنْتَ juninta | جُنَّ junna | جُنِنْتُمَا junintumā | جُنَّا junnā | جُنِنَّا juninnā | جُنِنْتُمْ junintum | جُنُّوا junnū | |||
f | جُنِنْتِ juninti | جُنَّتْ junnat | جُنَّتَا junnatā | جُنِنْتُنَّ junintunna | جُنِنَّ juninna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُجَنُّ ʾujannu | تُجَنُّ tujannu | يُجَنُّ yujannu | تُجَنَّانِ tujannāni | يُجَنَّانِ yujannāni | نُجَنُّ nujannu | تُجَنُّونَ tujannūna | يُجَنُّونَ yujannūna | |||
f | تُجَنِّينَ tujannīna | تُجَنُّ tujannu | تُجَنَّانِ tujannāni | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُجَنَّ ʾujanna | تُجَنَّ tujanna | يُجَنَّ yujanna | تُجَنَّا tujannā | يُجَنَّا yujannā | نُجَنَّ nujanna | تُجَنُّوا tujannū | يُجَنُّوا yujannū | |||
f | تُجَنِّي tujannī | تُجَنَّ tujanna | تُجَنَّا tujannā | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُجَنَّ or أُجَنِّ or أُجْنَنْ ʾujanna or ʾujanni or ʾujnan | تُجَنَّ or تُجَنِّ or تُجْنَنْ tujanna or tujanni or tujnan | يُجَنَّ or يُجَنِّ or يُجْنَنْ yujanna or yujanni or yujnan | تُجَنَّا tujannā | يُجَنَّا yujannā | نُجَنَّ or نُجَنِّ or نُجْنَنْ nujanna or nujanni or nujnan | تُجَنُّوا tujannū | يُجَنُّوا yujannū | |||
f | تُجَنِّي tujannī | تُجَنَّ or تُجَنِّ or تُجْنَنْ tujanna or tujanni or tujnan | تُجَنَّا tujannā | تُجْنَنَّ tujnanna | يُجْنَنَّ yujnanna |
Related terms
- جِنَّة (jinna, “possession, mania; spirits and demons”)
- جُنُون (junūn, “madness”)
- جُنُونِيّ (junūniyy, “crazy”)
- مَجَنَّة (majanna, “madness, insanity”)
- مَجْنُون (majnūn, “crazy, demoniac”)
Noun
جَنّ • (jann) m
- verbal noun of جُنَّ (junna) (form I)
- verbal noun of جَنَّ (janna) (form I)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَنّ jann | الْجَنّ al-jann | جَنّ jann |
Nominative | جَنٌّ jannun | الْجَنُّ al-jannu | جَنُّ jannu |
Accusative | جَنًّا jannan | الْجَنَّ al-janna | جَنَّ janna |
Genitive | جَنٍّ jannin | الْجَنِّ al-janni | جَنِّ janni |
Baluchi
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian *ǰánHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.
Noun
جن • (jan)
- woman
Persian
Etymology 1
From Arabic جِنّ (jinn).
Noun
جن • (jenn) (plural جنها (jenn-hâ))
- jinn, genie, demon, ghost
Related terms
- دیو (div, “daeva”)
- غول (ghul, “ghoul”)
Etymology 2
From or cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (yaona, “way”), from Proto-Iranian *Háy (cognate with Pashto يون (yūn, “movement; walking; going”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-.
Noun
جن • (jan) (plural جنها (jan-hâ))
- side
- way
- c. 1000, Abul-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi, The Book of Kings :
- پرندوش از این جن سواری گذشت
که لرزید ازو سر به سر بوم و دشت- parandōš az ēn ǰan sawārē guðašt
ka larzīd azō sar-ba-sar būm u dašt
- parandōš az ēn ǰan sawārē guðašt
- پرندوش از این جن سواری گذشت
- Synonyms: راه (râh), سو (sū)
Urdu
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɪn/, /d͡ʒɪnn/
Noun
جن • (jin, jinn) m (plural جنات, Hindi spelling जिन्न)
- jinn
- demon
See also
- دیو (dev)
- آسیب (āseb)