جر
See also: جز, حر, خر, خز, چر, and جڑ
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ج ر ر (j-r-r).
Verb
جَرَّ • (jarra) I, non-past يَجُرُّ (yajurru)
- to pull, to draw, to drag, to attract
- to extend, to stretch
- to abstract, to rob
- to bring about, to cause
- to drive slowly (livestock)
- to pasture freely (livestock)
- (horse, army, etc.) to furrow (the ground)
- to commit a crime or offense
- (pregnant woman, etc.) to bear beyond the usual time
- to wean the foal of a camel (by splitting its tongue)
- to put a word in the oblique or genitive case
- to pronounce the kasra at the end of a word
- to use the rein
Conjugation
Conjugation of
جَرَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun جَرّ)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | جَرّ jarr | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | جَارّ jārr | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَجْرُور majrūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جَرَرْتُ jarartu | جَرَرْتَ jararta | جَرَّ jarra | جَرَرْتُمَا jarartumā | جَرَّا jarrā | جَرَرْنَا jararnā | جَرَرْتُمْ jarartum | جَرُّوا jarrū | |||
f | جَرَرْتِ jararti | جَرَّتْ jarrat | جَرَّتَا jarratā | جَرَرْتُنَّ jarartunna | جَرَرْنَ jararna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَجُرُّ ʾajurru | تَجُرُّ tajurru | يَجُرُّ yajurru | تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni | يَجُرَّانِ yajurrāni | نَجُرُّ najurru | تَجُرُّونَ tajurrūna | يَجُرُّونَ yajurrūna | |||
f | تَجُرِّينَ tajurrīna | تَجُرُّ tajurru | تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni | تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna | يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَجُرَّ ʾajurra | تَجُرَّ tajurra | يَجُرَّ yajurra | تَجُرَّا tajurrā | يَجُرَّا yajurrā | نَجُرَّ najurra | تَجُرُّوا tajurrū | يَجُرُّوا yajurrū | |||
f | تَجُرِّي tajurrī | تَجُرَّ tajurra | تَجُرَّا tajurrā | تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna | يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَجُرَّ or أَجُرِّ or أَجْرُرْ ʾajurra or ʾajurri or ʾajrur | تَجُرَّ or تَجُرِّ or تَجْرُرْ tajurra or tajurri or tajrur | يَجُرَّ or يَجُرِّ or يَجْرُرْ yajurra or yajurri or yajrur | تَجُرَّا tajurrā | يَجُرَّا yajurrā | نَجُرَّ or نَجُرِّ or نَجْرُرْ najurra or najurri or najrur | تَجُرُّوا tajurrū | يَجُرُّوا yajurrū | |||
f | تَجُرِّي tajurrī | تَجُرَّ or تَجُرِّ or تَجْرُرْ tajurra or tajurri or tajrur | تَجُرَّا tajurrā | تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna | يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | جُرَّ or جُرِّ or اُجْرُرْ jurra or jurri or ujrur | جُرَّا jurrā | جُرُّوا jurrū | ||||||||
f | جُرِّي jurrī | اُجْرُرْنَ ujrurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | جُرِرْتُ jurirtu | جُرِرْتَ jurirta | جُرَّ jurra | جُرِرْتُمَا jurirtumā | جُرَّا jurrā | جُرِرْنَا jurirnā | جُرِرْتُمْ jurirtum | جُرُّوا jurrū | |||
f | جُرِرْتِ jurirti | جُرَّتْ jurrat | جُرَّتَا jurratā | جُرِرْتُنَّ jurirtunna | جُرِرْنَ jurirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُجَرُّ ʾujarru | تُجَرُّ tujarru | يُجَرُّ yujarru | تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni | يُجَرَّانِ yujarrāni | نُجَرُّ nujarru | تُجَرُّونَ tujarrūna | يُجَرُّونَ yujarrūna | |||
f | تُجَرِّينَ tujarrīna | تُجَرُّ tujarru | تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni | تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna | يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُجَرَّ ʾujarra | تُجَرَّ tujarra | يُجَرَّ yujarra | تُجَرَّا tujarrā | يُجَرَّا yujarrā | نُجَرَّ nujarra | تُجَرُّوا tujarrū | يُجَرُّوا yujarrū | |||
f | تُجَرِّي tujarrī | تُجَرَّ tujarra | تُجَرَّا tujarrā | تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna | يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُجَرَّ or أُجَرِّ or أُجْرَرْ ʾujarra or ʾujarri or ʾujrar | تُجَرَّ or تُجَرِّ or تُجْرَرْ tujarra or tujarri or tujrar | يُجَرَّ or يُجَرِّ or يُجْرَرْ yujarra or yujarri or yujrar | تُجَرَّا tujarrā | يُجَرَّا yujarrā | نُجَرَّ or نُجَرِّ or نُجْرَرْ nujarra or nujarri or nujrar | تُجَرُّوا tujarrū | يُجَرُّوا yujarrū | |||
f | تُجَرِّي tujarrī | تُجَرَّ or تُجَرِّ or تُجْرَرْ tujarra or tujarri or tujrar | تُجَرَّا tujarrā | تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna | يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna |
Synonyms
- (grammar): خَفَضَ (ḵafaḍa)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Noun
جَرّ • (jarr) m (plural جِرَار (jirār))
- verbal noun of جَرَّ (jarra, “to pull”) (form I)
- pulling, pull, drawing, draft
- dragging, drag, towage, hauling
- stretching, lengthening, extending
- bringing on, causing
- (grammar) oblique case, genitive case
- (grammar) pronunciation of the final consonant with -i
- foot of a mountain
- valley
- cave
Declension
Declension of noun جَرّ (jarr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَرّ jarr | الْجَرّ al-jarr | جَرّ jarr |
Nominative | جَرٌّ jarrun | الْجَرُّ al-jarru | جَرُّ jarru |
Accusative | جَرًّا jarran | الْجَرَّ al-jarra | جَرَّ jarra |
Genitive | جَرٍّ jarrin | الْجَرِّ al-jarri | جَرِّ jarri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | جَرَّيْن jarrayn | الْجَرَّيْن al-jarrayn | جَرَّيْ jarray |
Nominative | جَرَّانِ jarrāni | الْجَرَّانِ al-jarrāni | جَرَّا jarrā |
Accusative | جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni | الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni | جَرَّيْ jarray |
Genitive | جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni | الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni | جَرَّيْ jarray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جِرَار jirār | الْجِرَار al-jirār | جِرَار jirār |
Nominative | جِرَارٌ jirārun | الْجِرَارُ al-jirāru | جِرَارُ jirāru |
Accusative | جِرَارًا jirāran | الْجِرَارَ al-jirāra | جِرَارَ jirāra |
Genitive | جِرَارٍ jirārin | الْجِرَارِ al-jirāri | جِرَارِ jirāri |
Synonyms
- (grammar): خَفْض (ḵafḍ)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Verb
جُرْ • (jur) (form I)
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of جَارَ (jāra)
Baluchi
Noun
جر • (jarr)
- plant
- vegetable
- herb
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
Root |
---|
ج ر ر |
3 terms |
From Arabic جَرَّ (jarra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒarr/
Audio (file)
Verb
جر • (jarr) (form I, non-past يجرّ (yjurr))
- to pull, to draw, to drag, to attract
Conjugation
Conjugation of جر | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | جرّيت (jarrīt) | جرّيتي (jarrīti) | جرّ (jarr) | جرّينا (jarrīna) | جرّيتوا (jarrītu) | جرّوا (jarru) | |
f | جرّت (jarrāt) | |||||||
non-past | m | نجرّ (njurr) | تجرّ (tjurr) | يجرّ (yjurr) | نجرّوا (njurru) | تجرّوا (tjurru) | يجرّوا (yjurru) | |
f | تجرّي (tjurri) | تجرّ (tjurr) | ||||||
imperative | m | جرّ (jurr) | جرّوا (jurru) | |||||
f | جرّي (jurri) |
Persian
Etymology
Probably from Middle Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoh₁ro- (“gap, empty space”). Alternatively from Turkic (compare Turkish yar).
Noun
جر • (jar)
- cleft, fissure
- canyon, gorge